{"product_id":"vulnerability-of-land-systems-in-asia-isbn-9781118854952","title":"Vulnerability of Land Systems in Asia","description":"This book provides a comprehensive yet accessible overview of land systems vulnerability assessment in Asia - fundamental to the understanding of the link between global change, environmental sustainability and human wellbeing. The extent and intensity of human interactions with the environment have increased spectacularly since the Industrial Revolution. Thus, the global change research community and development practitioners increasingly recognize the need to address the adverse consequences of changes taking place in the structure and function of the biosphere and the implications for society.  With a focus on Asia, this book provides an overview of the vulnerability of land systems and the subsequent multiple stressors in this region. The book offers a discussion surrounding the potential causal processes that affect land systems vulnerability and our capacity to cope with different perturbations. It also identifies factors that help to integrate vulnerability assessment into policy and decision-making.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e • Addresses the complex issues arising from human–environment interactions that cannot be satisfactorily dealt with by core disciplinary methods alone. \u003cbr\u003e • Key coverage of a variety of topics from the vulnerability of smallholder agriculture and urban systems to the impact of socioeconomic processes at the sub-regional level. \u003cbr\u003e • Coverage of the causal processes that affect land systems vulnerability and capacity to cope with different perturbations are documented. \u003cbr\u003e • Focus on integrating vulnerability assessment into policies and decision-making\u003cbr\u003e • Includes contributions from leading academics in the field.  Editors’ Introductions xiii  \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Land Systems Vulnerability 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAdemola K. Braimoh and He Qing Huang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Overview of the book 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Hazards and Vulnerability\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Drought and Extreme Climate Stress on Human-Environment Systems in the Gobi Desert Mongolia 11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTroy Sternberg\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Social ecological systems 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Mongolian rangelands 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Methods 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Study area 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Methodology 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Results 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Spatial continuity of droughts 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Dzud of 1999–2001 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Dzud and drought: non-drought years 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Discussion 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Resilience 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Conclusion 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Vulnerability and Resilience of the Mongolian Pastoral Social-Ecological Systems to Multiple Stressors 27\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDennis Ojima, Togtokh Chuluun and Myagmarsuren Altanbagana\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The current situation 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Climate conditions 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Water resources 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 The nomadic system 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Livestock changes 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Analysis of vulnerability of critical ecosystem services 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Vulnerability index of pastoral systems 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Integrated zud index 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Rangeland use index 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Assessment of rangeland vulnerability to climate and land-use changes 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Coping scenarios 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Summary and conclusion 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 A win-win model 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Vulnerability of Pastoral Communities in Central Mongolia to Climate and Land-Use Changes 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eT. Chuluun, M. Altanbagana, S. Davaanyam, B. Tserenchunt and D. Ojima\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Study sites and methodology 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Research results 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 The results of a social survey related to the ‘dryland development paradigm’ 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Pastoral social-ecological scenarios 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Policy-related social survey 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Discussion 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Conclusion 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Vulnerability Assessment Diagram: A Case Study on Drought in Middle Inner Mongolia, China 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eXiaoqian Liu, He Yin and Ademola K. Braimoh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 An integrated diagram for vulnerability assessment: the VSD model 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Case study using the VSD model 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 The study area 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Vulnerability profile at the county level 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Results and discussion 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Relative impact of the components on the vulnerability index 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Model calibration 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Conclusion 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Arid Regions: a Case Study of Western Rajasthan, India 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eR.B. Singh and Ajay Kumar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Climate change scenarios: global, national and local levels 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Study area 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Research methodology 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Results and discussions 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Climate variability 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Vulnerability assessment 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Vulnerability 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Conclusion 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Dendrogeomorphological and Sedimentological Analysis of Debris Flow Hazards in the Northern Zailiiskiy Alatau, Tien Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan 91\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eVanessa Winchester, David G. Passmore, Stephan Harrison, Alaric Rae, Igor Severskiy and Nina V. Pimankina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Study area 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Methods and materials 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Geomorphology and sedimentology 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Archive datasets 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Dendrogeomorphology 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Cross-dating, reference series identification and skeleton plotting 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Seedling establishment, growth rates below coring height and earthquakes 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Results 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Growth rate and establishment periods 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Kumbelsu Creek 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Sedimentology, geomorphology and dating of fluvial terraces, fans and debris flows in the Ozernaya valley 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Debris flow events in the Ozernaya Valley and archival records 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Discussion 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Conclusions 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Land-use Change: Modelling and Impact Assessment\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Regional Scenarios and Simulated Land-Cover Changes in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJefferson Fox, John B. Vogler, Omer L. Sen, Alan L. Ziegler and Thomas W. Giambelluca\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Methods 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Baseline land-cover classification 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 CLUE-s model 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Land-cover allocation 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Results 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Discussion and conclusions 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Land-use Change and its Impacts on Agricultural Productivity in China 143\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eHuimin Yan, He Qing Huang, Xiangzheng Deng and Jiyuan Liu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Land-use data 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Methods for estimating changes in agricultural productivity 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 NPP estimation with the GLO-PEM model 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Agro-ecological zones (AEZ) model 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Calculating agricultural productivity change caused by land use change 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Agricultural productivity change caused by cropland transformation 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Cropland transformation 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Contributions of cropland area change to agricultural productivity 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Agricultural productivity change caused by major land use change types 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Changes in potential agricultural productivity due to cropland conversions 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Summary 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Long-Term Land-Cover Change in the Amur River Basin 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eShigeko Haruyama, Yoshitaka Masuda and Akihiko Kondoh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Outline of study area 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The dataset 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 NOAA\/AVHRR PAL dataset 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Statistical materials used in the agricultural and field investigation 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Method of study 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Analysis of secular variation from 1982 to 2000 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Results and consideration 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Analysis of secular variation in land cover from 1982 to 2000 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Verification of validity of PAL data analysis 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Summary 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Simulating Land-use Change in China from a Global Perspective 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eXuefeng Cui, Mark Rounsevell, Yuan Jiang, Muyi Kang, Paul Palmer, Wen Chen and Terence Dawson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Land use in China 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Global perspectives 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Model and data 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Model results 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Historical simulation 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Future ‘business as usual’ scenario 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Discussion and conclusions 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Sustainable Land Use Planning in West Asia Using MicroLEIS Decision Support Systems 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eFarzin Shahbazi, Maria Anaya-Romero, Ademola K. Braimoh and Diego De la Rosa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Materials and methods 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Study area 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Climate 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Benchmark soils 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 The MicroLEIS technology 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Modelling with MicroLEIS in the Ahar region 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Arable land identification 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Semi-natural habitats 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Crop diversification 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Soil productivity capability evaluation 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.5 Soil fertility capability evaluation 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Conclusions 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Impacts of Agricultural Land Change on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Kahayan Watershed, Central Kalimantan 195\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJ.S. Rahajoe, L. Alhamd, E.B. Walujo, H.S. Limin, M.S. Suneetha, A.K. Braimoh and T. Kohyama\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Study locations and methods 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 Study sites: Bawan village, Central Kalimantan 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Participatory rural appraisal 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Results and discussion 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Current status of the Kahayan watershed 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Biodiversity and forest products in Bawan village 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Ecosystem services in Bawan village 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Rubber plantations in Bawan village 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.5 Changes in farming systems and agricultural produce 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Conclusion 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Urban Structure in Shanghai 215\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eWenze Yue, Peilei Fan and Jiaguo Qi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Theoretical framework, study area, data, and methodology 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Theoretical framework 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Study area 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Data and methodology 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Findings 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Urban evolution of Shanghai 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Urban transformation at the district level 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Discussion 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Economic restructuring and globalization 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Changing population profile and impact on the housing market 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 The role of the multi-scaled state 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Conclusion 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Institutions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Governing Ecosystem Services from Upland Watersheds in Southeast Asia 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLouis Lebel and Rajesh Daniel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Plans 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Protected areas 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Forest and watershed classifications 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Participatory land-use planning 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Rules 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Property rights and land tenure 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Community-based management 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Logging concessions 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Logging bans 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Incentives 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Payments for ecosystem services 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Certification 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Information 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Discussion 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Conclusions 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Socio-Economic Impacts of a Wetland Restoration Program in China’s Poyang Lake Region 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eFen Li, Lin Zhen, He Qing Huang, Yunjie Wei, Li Yang and Sandra Uthes\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Study area 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Background 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Methods 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Analysis of land use and economic data 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Stakeholder analysis 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3 Household surveys 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.4 Farmers’ willingness to accept eco-compensation (WTA) 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.5 Estimation of the eco-compensation burden of the local governments 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Results 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.1 Land use changes 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.2 Changes in the economic structure 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.3 Stakeholder groups 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.4 Farmers’ willingness to accept eco-compensation 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.5 Eco-compensation burden of the local governments 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Discussion 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Conclusions 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 China’s Sloping Land Conversion Program: Are the Farmers Paid Enough? 277\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eShubhechchha Thapa, Xing Lu and Ademola K. Braimoh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 The study area 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Data sources and analysis 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Results and discussion 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.1 Quantitative data on land-cover change 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.2 Carbon dynamics in the landscape 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4.3 Landscape value 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Conclusion 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Community-Based Peatland Management for Greenhouse Gas Reduction Based on Fire-Free Land Preparation 285\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBambang Hero Saharjo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Greenhouse gas emissions 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Southeast Asian greenhouse gases emissions 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Indonesian greenhouse gas emissions 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 The current Indonesian forest fire situation 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Greenhouse gas emissions reduction 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1 Smoke management 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.2 Greenhouse gas emission reduction through land preparation without fire: an example from the community 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.3 Peatland management and restoration of organic soils 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Conclusion 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Structuring Climate Finance for Adaptation Measures in Vulnerable Ecosystems: Lessons from India 297\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eA. Damodaran\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Approach 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Methodology of field studies 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Co-benefits approach to adaptation financing and equity 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Adaptation gradients 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Adaptation possibility trends for agro and coastal ecosystems: preliminary assessment 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Financing systems for adaptation to climate change 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Evidence from the study area 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9 Lessons and implications: summing up 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Scientific Uncertainty and Policy Making: How can Communications Contribute to a Better Marriage in the Global Change Arena? 311\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eGabriela Litre\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 A case study: the establishment of marine reserves off the Californian coast 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 A matter of trust 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Communicating scientific uncertainty 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.1 Quantifying uncertainties 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.2 Communicating the quantified uncertainties 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 The need for a new language 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Changing worlds 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 A learning experience 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Planning for Resilience: the Quest for Learning and Adaptation 323\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eFernando Teigao dos Santos\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introductory insights 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 The global ‘carousel’ context 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Looking at the resilience framework 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Planning for resilience 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 ‘Command-and-control’ vs ‘learning-and-adaptation’ 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 The strategic SPARK example 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Final considerations 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Conclusion 337\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eHe Qing Huang and Ademola K. Braimoh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Improving understanding in areas lacking data 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Highlighting the effects of scale 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Validating the conceptual framework for vulnerability assessment 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Land system vulnerability in other parts of the world 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Roads ahead 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Final remarks 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eDr Ademola K. Braimoh\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSenior Natural Resources Management Specialist, The World Bank\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eProf. He Qing Huang\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences  This book provides a comprehensive yet accessible overview of land systems vulnerability assessment in Asia - fundamental to the understanding of the link between global change, environmental sustainability and human wellbeing. The extent and intensity of human interactions with the environment have increased spectacularly since the Industrial Revolution. Thus, the global change research community and development practitioners increasingly recognize the need to address the adverse consequences of changes taking place in the structure and function of the biosphere and the implications for society.  With a focus on Asia, this book provides an overview of the vulnerability of land systems and the subsequent multiple stressors in this region. The book offers a discussion surrounding the potential causal processes that affect land systems vulnerability and our capacity to cope with different perturbations. It also identifies factors that help to integrate vulnerability assessment into policy and decision-making.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e • Addresses the complex issues arising from human–environment interactions that cannot be satisfactorily dealt with by core disciplinary methods alone. \u003cbr\u003e • Key coverage of a variety of topics from the vulnerability of smallholder agriculture and urban systems to the impact of socioeconomic processes at the sub-regional level. \u003cbr\u003e • Coverage of the causal processes that affect land systems vulnerability and capacity to cope with different perturbations are documented. \u003cbr\u003e • Focus on integrating vulnerability assessment into policies and decision-making\u003cbr\u003e • Includes contributions from leading academics in the field.","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990462939365,"sku":"NP9781118854952","price":144.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118854952.jpg?v=1761787926","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/vulnerability-of-land-systems-in-asia-isbn-9781118854952","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}