{"product_id":"understanding-motivation-and-emotion-isbn-9781119367604","title":"Understanding Motivation and Emotion","description":"The past ten years have seen an explosion of useful research surrounding human motivation and emotion; new insights allow researchers to answer the perennial questions, including \"What do people want?\" and \"Why do they want what they want?\" By delving into the roots of motivation, the emotional processes at work, and the impacts on learning, performance, and well-being, this book provides a toolbox of practical interventions and approaches for use in a wide variety of settings.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e In the midst of the field's \"golden age,\" there has never been a better time to merge new understanding and practical application to improve people’s lives. Useful in schools, the workplace, clinical settings, health care, sports, industry, business, and even interpersonal relationships, these concepts are profoundly powerful; incorporated into the state-of-the-art intervention programs detailed here, they can enhance people's motivation, emotion, and outlook while answering the core questions of any human interaction. \u003cp\u003ePreface iii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is Motivation? Why Is It Important? 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivational Science 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Perennial Questions 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Causes Behavior? 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Does Behavior Vary in Its Intensity? 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject Matter 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal Motives 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal Events and Social Contexts 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivation versus Influence 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpressions of Motivation 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavior 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngagement 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychophysiology 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain Activations 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Report 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFramework to Understand Motivation and Emotion 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTen Unifying Themes 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivation and Emotion Benefit Adaptation and Functioning 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivation and Emotion Direct Attention 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivation and Emotion Are “Intervening Variables” 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotives Vary Over Time and Contribute into the Ongoing Stream of Behavior 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Motivations Exist 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe Are Not Always Consciously Aware of the Motivational Basis of Our Behavior 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivation Study Reveals What People Want 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo Flourish, Motivation Needs Supportive Conditions 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen Trying to Motivate Others, What Is Easy to Do Is Rarely What Works 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere Is Nothing So Practical as a Good Theory 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 2 MOTIVATION AND EMOTION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 24\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhilosophical Origins of Motivational Concepts 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrand Theories 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWill 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstinct 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrive 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRise of the Mini-Theories 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActive Nature of the Person 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Revolution 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocially Relevant Questions 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContemporary Era 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 1990s Reemergence of Motivation Study 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrief History of Emotion Study 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 3 THE MOTIVATED AND EMOTIONAL BRAIN 44\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivation, Emotion, and Neuroscience 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDay-to-Day Events Activate Specific Brain Structures 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActivated Brain Structures Generate Specific Motivations and Emotions 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeural Basis of Motivation and Emotion 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCortical Brain 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcortical Brain 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBidirectional Communication 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividual Brain Structures Involved in Motivation and Emotion 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubcortical Brain Structures 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCortical Brain Structures 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHormones 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART I NEEDS 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 4 PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeed 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree Types of Needs 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFundamentals of Regulation 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological Need 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological Drive 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomeostasis 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative Feedback 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple Inputs\/Multiple Outputs 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntraorganismic Mechanisms 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraorganismic Mechanisms 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHomeostatic Mechanism 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThirst 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological Regulation 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Influences 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHunger 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Term Appetite 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-Term Energy Balance 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Influences 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Regulatory Influences 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeight Gain and Obesity 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComprehensive Model of Hunger 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological Regulation 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial Metrics 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual Scripts 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual Orientation 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolutionary Basis of Sexual Motivation 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 5 EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION AND INTERNALIZATION 98\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtrinsic Motivation 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncentives and Consequences 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncentives 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcers 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManaging Behavior 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsequences 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHidden Costs of Reward 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntrinsic Motivation 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntrinsic Motivation versus Extrinsic Motivation 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpected and Tangible Rewards 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplications 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenefits of Extrinsic Motivation 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Evaluation Theory 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Examples of Controlling and Informational Events 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Extrinsic Motivation 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal Regulation 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntrojected Regulation 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentified Regulation 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated Regulation 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternalization and Integration 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivating Others on Uninteresting Activities 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmotivation 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 6 PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS 123\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological Needs 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganismic Psychological Needs 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenefits of Need Satisfaction 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeed Frustration 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutonomy 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupporting Autonomy 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Conundrum of Choice 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenefits from Autonomy Support 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGiving and Receiving Autonomy Support 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompetence 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptimal Challenge 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlow 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructure 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFailure Tolerance 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelatedness 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvolving Relatedness 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSatisfying Relatedness 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupporting Relatedness 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunal and Exchange Relationships 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenefits from Relatedness Need Satisfaction 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting it All Together: Relationships and Social Contexts that Support Psychological Need\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSatisfaction 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEngagement 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Makes for a Good Day? 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVitality 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 7 IMPLICIT MOTIVES 152\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplicit Motives 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcquired Needs 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Needs 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Implicit Motives, as Acquired Psychological Needs, Motivate Behavior 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAchievement 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrigins of the Need for Achievement 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtkinson’s Model 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAchievement for the Future 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDynamics-of-Action Model 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConditions That Involve and Satisfy the Need for Achievement 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAffiliation 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuality of Affiliation Motivation 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConditions That Involve the Affiliation and Intimacy Duality 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConditions That Satisfy the Affiliation Need 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePower 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConditions That Involve and Satisfy the Need for Power 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoal Pursuit and Perspective Taking 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs the Implicit Power Motive Bad? 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeadership Motive Pattern 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompassionate Leadership Profile 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFour Additional Social Needs 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART II COGNITIONS 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 8 GOAL SETTING AND GOAL STRIVING 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Springs to Action 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlans 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrective Motivation 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscrepancy 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscrepancy, Emotions, and Feelings 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Types of Discrepancy 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoal Setting 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoal–Performance Discrepancy 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifficult, Specific, and Congruent Goals Enhance Performance 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeedback 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCriticisms 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-Term Goal Setting 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Where Do Goals Come? 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoal Striving 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMental Simulations 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementation Intentions 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoal Disengagement 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 9 MINDSETS 202\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMindset 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMindset 1: Deliberative–Implemental 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeliberative Mindset 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplemental Mindset 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDownstream Consequences of the Deliberative and Implemental Mindsets 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMindset 2: Promotion–Prevention 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePromotion Mindset 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevention Mindset 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent Definitions of Success and Failure 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent Goal-Striving Strategies 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdeal Self-Guides and Ought Self-Guides 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulatory Fit Predicts Strength of Motivation and Well-Being 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMindset 3: Growth-Fixed 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFixed Mindset 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth Mindset 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeaning of Effort 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrigins of Fixed-Growth Mindsets 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent Fixed-Growth Mindsets Lead to Different Achievement Goals 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAchievement Goals 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Dissonance 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDissonance-Arousing Situations 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivational Processes Underlying Cognitive Dissonance 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Perception Theory 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 10 PERSONAL CONTROL BELIEFS 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivation to Exercise Personal Control 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Kinds of Expectancy 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerceived Control: Self, Action, and Control 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoping with Failure 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Efficacy 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Self-Efficacy 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Efficacy Effects on Behavior 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpowerment 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpowering People: Mastery Modeling Program 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMastery Beliefs 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWays of Coping 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMastery versus Helplessness 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearned Helplessness 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Helplessness 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication to Humans 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponents 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelplessness Effects 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelplessness and Depression 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttributions and Explanatory Style 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReactance Theory 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpectancy–Value Model 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValue 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValue Interventions 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 11 THE SELF AND ITS STRIVINGS 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Views of Self 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-as-Object 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-as-Agent 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Problem with Self-Esteem 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Concept 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Schemas 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotivational Properties of Self-Schemas 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsistent Self 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Verification versus Self-Concept Change 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy People Self-Verify 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible Selves 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentity 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoles 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConnections to Social Groups 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSituations Make Specific Identities Salient 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgency 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf as Action and Development from Within 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrue Self? 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Concordance 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntrinsic Goals and Extrinsic Goals 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Regulation 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForethought through Reflection 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeveloping More Competent Self-Regulation 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Control 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs the Capacity to Exert Self-Control Beneficial to a Successful Life? 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART III EMOTIONS 283\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 12 NATURE OF EMOTION: SIX PERENNIAL QUESTIONS 285\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSix Perennial Questions 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is an Emotion? 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelation between Emotion and Motivation 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Causes an Emotion? 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo-Systems View 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChicken-and-Egg 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Ends an Emotion? 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Many Emotions are There? 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological Perspective 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Perspective 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReconciliation of the Numbers Issue 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Good are the Emotions? 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoping Functions 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Functions 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy We Have Emotions 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCan We Control Our Emotions? 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotion Regulation Strategies 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is the Difference Between Emotion and Mood? 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEveryday Mood 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive Affect 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 13 ASPECTS OF EMOTION 313\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological Aspects of Emotion 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJames–Lange Theory 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContemporary Perspective 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain Activity Activates Individual Emotions 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacial Feedback Hypothesis 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Aspects of Emotion 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppraisal 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplex Appraisal 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppraisal as a Process 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotion Differentiation 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotion Knowledge 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttributions 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotions Affect Cognition 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Aspects of Emotion 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Interaction 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Sharing of Emotion 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 14 INDIVIDUAL EMOTIONS 339\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Emotions 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFear 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnger 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisgust 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContempt 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSadness 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional Preparation for Threat and Harm 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJoy 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterest 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional Preparation for Motive Involvement and Satisfaction 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Conscious Emotions 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShame 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuilt 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmbarrassment 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePride 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriumph 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterrelations among Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment, Pride, and Hubris 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitively Complex Emotions 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvy 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGratitude 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisappointment and Regret 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHope 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSchadenfreude 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpathy 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompassion 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePART IV APPLIED CONCERNS 363\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 15 GROWTH MOTIVATION AND POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 365\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHolism and Positive Psychology 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHolism 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive Psychology 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Actualization 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHierarchy of Human Needs 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncouraging Growth 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActualizing Tendency 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganismic Valuing Process 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergence of the Self 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConditions of Worth 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConditional Regard as a Socialization Strategy 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFully Functioning Individual 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganismic Integration 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHumanistic Motivational Phenomena 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCausality Orientations 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth-Seeking versus Validation Seeking 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationships 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreedom to Learn 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Definition and Social Definition 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem of Evil 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive Psychology 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHappiness and Well-Being 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEudaimonic Well-Being 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptimism 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeaning 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositivity 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMindfulness 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterventions 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCultivating Hope 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCultivating Compassion 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCriticisms 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 16 UNCONSCIOUS MOTIVATION 397\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychodynamic Perspective 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychoanalytic Becomes Psychodynamic 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDual-Instinct Theory 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo the Id and Ego Actually Exist? 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContemporary Psychodynamic Theory 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Unconscious 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreudian Unconscious 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdaptive Unconscious 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplicit Motivation 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePriming 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychodynamics 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepression 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuppression 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerror Management Theory 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgo Psychology 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgo Development 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgo Defense 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgo Effectance 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObject Relations Theory 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCriticisms 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReadings for Further Study 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER 17 INTERVENTIONS 423\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplying Principles of Motivation and Emotion 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplaining Motivation and Emotion 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredicting Motivation and Emotion 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving Motivational and Emotional Problems 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree State-of-the-Art Interventions 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention 1: Satisfying Psychological Needs 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention 2: Increasing a Growth Mindset 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntervention 3: Promoting Emotion Knowledge 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWisdom Gained from a Scientific Study of Motivation and Emotion 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor Index 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject Index 530\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990431645925,"sku":"NP9781119367604","price":65.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119367604.jpg?v=1761787801","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/understanding-motivation-and-emotion-isbn-9781119367604","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}