{"product_id":"understanding-human-motivation-isbn-9780631219835","title":"Understanding Human Motivation","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eUnderstanding Human Motivation\u003c\/i\u003e is a lively presentation of how factors such as biological nature, instinct, past experience, and society determine what we do.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eDraws on many different domains of human behavior and links together many motivational factors such as fear, sex, consciousness, and rage.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIllustrates the theoretical bases of motivation through real-life examples and case studies.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWritten in accessible manner for use in courses.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface and Acknowledgments xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eINTRODUCTION: THREE FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is “Motivation”? 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Can We Study Human Motivation? 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe use of anecdotal material 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree Fundamental Ideas 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuasi-mechanical behavior 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal view and camera view 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial extrusion 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome omissions 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Plan of this Book 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 DETERMINISM AND FREE WILL 11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeterminism 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological theory treats behavior as determinate 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFree Will 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 TERROR 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Origins of Fear 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponents of Fear 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo stages in the genesis of fear 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFear as Instinct 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathological fear 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Experience of Fear 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompanionship 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilitary combat 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeing in control 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraining and skill 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Persistence of Fear 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe persistence of memory 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecurrence of fear 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 SEX 38\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal View and Camera View 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhich view – personal view or camera view? 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLay psychology 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual Behavior is Quasi-Mechanical 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Mechanical” 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Substantially mechanical” 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcquisition of patterns of sexual behavior 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe pleasure principle 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Questions about Sexual Behavior 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 What are the extraneous signals which trigger sexual behavior? 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 What other signals or social constraints act to modify sexual behavior? 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 What about the intense feelings that accompany sexual activity? 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 What has this to do with the survival of the species? 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 What about the variation in sexual behavior from one adult to another? 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 Does sexual behavior have to match between male and female? 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 How much of our sexual behavior is innate and how much acquired?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 CONSCIOUSNESS 60\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Views of What People Do 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Meaning of “Consciousness” 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhilosophical inquiry into consciousness 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe neural signature of consciousness 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal view and camera view 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Relationship of Subjective Experience to Objective Observation 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe split brain 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy is consciousness important to the study of motivation? 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 BOREDOM 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Political Background 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Brainwashing” 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensory Deprivation 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHallucinations 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisturbances of perception 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive deficits 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat does it all signify? 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoredom 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoredom at work 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeisure activities 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 SOCIAL CONVENTIONS 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilgram’s Experiments 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProximity of teacher and pupil 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is going on? 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelaxation of the conflict 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe importance of social structure 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Conventions 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial conventions are different in different societies 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial conventions also differ between subgroups within the one society 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnderstanding Milgram’s Results 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilitary obedience 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Stanford County Prison Experiment 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 THE RATE FOR THE JOB 124\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Much Do Different People Earn? 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 People doing the same job get paid the same (irrespective of how well they do it), unless, sometimes, they happen to be women 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Those people closest to the money are paid the most 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 If someone can earn more by negotiating a private deal, well, good luck to her or him 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoardroom pay 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMPs’ financial interests 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat has this chapter really been about? 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 LONELINESS 140\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Experience of Being Alone 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications of research into social isolation 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Brainwashing” 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeral Children 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat may we conclude from the attempted rehabilitation of these three children? 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions on Social Isolation 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 THE MORAL SANCTION 156\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Moral Sanction 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn experimental study of extrusion 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhistleblowers 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamples from the wider society 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Interim Conclusions on Extrusion 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Extrusion is spontaneous 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Moral constraints are subconscious 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 The sanction of extrusion is powerful 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 The underclass 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 PEER PRESSURE 174\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Conformity 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformational and Normative Influences 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformational influence 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNormative influence 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup cohesiveness 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Happens if the Majority is Not Unanimous? 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInversion of majority and minority 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Large Does the Majority Have to Be? 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividual differences between participants 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterrogation by the police 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 THE CROWD 195\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Problem 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe flashpoint 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Group mind” 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe random evolution of crowd behavior 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Social Attitudes, Standards, Conventions Evolve 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Social Conventions Can Evolve Rapidly 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 The Evolution of Social Conventions is Essentially Random 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRumor 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic protest 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 The Likelihood of Disorder, of Riot, Depends on the Crowd’s Reason for Being 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 The Likelihood of Disorder, of Riot, also Depends on the Social Setting 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 RAGE . . . 210\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Are People Aggressive? 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrustration 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative affect 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetaliation 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAggression as Instinct 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe “terrible twos” 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstrumental and Emotional Aggression 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental Methods 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Buss aggression apparatus 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe effects of alcohol 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAggression in Everyday Life 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDomestic violence 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoad rage 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial cognition 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrowding 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree principal factors 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 . . . AND ARE WE PROVOKED TO VIOLENCE BY THE MEDIA? 230\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVideo Nasties 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Copycat” Murders 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoxing 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe effect of watching a boxing match 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeighbor Disputes 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSympathetic motivation 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuicides 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Long-Term Effect of Television Violence 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 MONEY 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo ways to become rich 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Psychopathic Personality 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMachiavellianism 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe $10 game 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe con game 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePawnbroking 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEye contact 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCredibility when lying 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyramid selling 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommissions for financial services 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 GAMBLING 262\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Prevalence of Gambling 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRationality 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe estimation of probabilities 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlackjack 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow gamblers play blackjack 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoulette 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBetting systems 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLuck 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal view and camera view 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSales Promotions 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions for discussion 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 HUMAN MOTIVATION: HOW DOES IT WORK? 278\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree Fundamental Ideas 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal view and camera view 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuasi-mechanical behavior 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial conventions 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Does it All Work? 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHormones 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 302\u003c\/p\u003e \"This new book on human motivation by Donald Laming represents a fresh look at an important area of psychology. The material is presented in the original idiom of real life stories in newspapers, which serve to illuminate classical controversies in social psychology. Although the book also has some novel theoretical insights, it should be particularly useful for students beginning in psychology.\" \u003ci\u003eTrevor Robbins, University of Cambridge\u003c\/i\u003e \u003c!--end--\u003e \u003cb\u003eDonald Laming \u003c\/b\u003ewas formerly Senior Lecturer in the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Cambridge. He has written several previous books, \u003ci\u003eInformation Theory of Choice-Reaction Times\u003c\/i\u003e (1968), \u003ci\u003eMathematical Psychology\u003c\/i\u003e (1973), \u003ci\u003eSensory Analysis\u003c\/i\u003e (1986), and \u003ci\u003eThe Measurement of Sensation\u003c\/i\u003e (1997). \u003ci\u003eUnderstanding Human Motivation \u003c\/i\u003eis a lively presentation of how factors such as biological nature, instinct, past experience, and society determine what we do. Donald Laming draws on laboratory experiments, social surveys, and a large and varied collection of anecdotes to explore the driving forces behind many different domains of human behavior, both individual and social. The book not only discusses such obvious topics as fear, sex, boredom, rage, and money, but also covers underlying issues such as free will, consciousness, the psychological basis of ethics, and the extent to which behavior is shaped by the society into which we are born and the people around us. The discussion is illustrated throughout by real-life examples that relate psychological theory to what people do in their everyday lives.","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990430171365,"sku":"NP9780631219835","price":72.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780631219835.jpg?v=1761787794","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/understanding-human-motivation-isbn-9780631219835","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}