{"product_id":"understanding-developmental-disorders-isbn-9780631187585","title":"Understanding Developmental Disorders","description":"A long-awaited book from developmental disorders expert John Morton, \u003ci\u003eUnderstanding Developmental Disorders: A Causal Modelling Approach\u003c\/i\u003e makes sense of the many competing theories about what can go wrong with early brain development, causing a child to develop outside the normal range. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli style=\"list-style: none\"\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eBased on the idea that understanding developmental disorders requires us to talk about biological, cognitive, behavioral and environmental factors, and to talk about causal relationships among these elements.\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExplains what causal modelling is and how to do it.\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCompares different theories about particular developmental disorders using causal modelling.\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWill have a profound impact on research in the fields of psychology, neuroscience and medicine.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface and Acknowledgements viii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Introducing Cause 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCause and public issues 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCause and individual events: ‘Why did Romeo die?’ 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome more reasons for not looking at individual cases 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe need for a framework for thinking in 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreating a tool: the problem of notation 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn example of the limits of language 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn invitation to consider diagrams as a tool 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA tool for representing causal relationships 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Introducing Cognition 20\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne thing I do want you to believe 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReductionism 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCan we rely on behaviour? 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe IQ example: a note of caution 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy cause needs cognition 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Representing Causal Relationships: Technical and Formal Considerations 34\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategorizing facts 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe causal notation 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStarting a causal model for autism 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplications 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome easy stuff on cause and correlation 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther notations 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Autism: How Causal Modelling Started 67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe biological origin of autism 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe role of cognition in defining autism 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is mentalizing? 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe non-social features of autism: how to diagram ideas on weak central coherence in autism 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 The What and the How 98\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGround rules of causal modelling 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Competing Causal Accounts of Autism 106\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepresenting the effects of environmental factors 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive theories of autism 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 The Problem of Diagnosis 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis and cause: relying on behaviour 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Spanish Inquisition example: the dangers of labelling 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems of diagnostic practice 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariability 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges over time: improvement and deterioration 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe variability of the phenotype 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn co-morbidity and the question of residual normality 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo summarize 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 A Causal Analysis of Dyslexia 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dyslexia debate: Is there such a thing as dyslexia? 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe discrepancy definition of specific reading disability 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTowards a cognitive definition 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn X-type causal model of dyslexia 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompeting theories of dyslexia 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-biological causes 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther biological causes of reading failure 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow do we sort among the options? 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe relationship between acquired and developmental dyslexia 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA theoretical update 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 The Hyperkinetic Confusions 208\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrugs as diagnostic refinement 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of theory 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe problem of co-morbidity: conduct disorder and ADHD 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cognitive level 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSonuga-Barke’s dual pathway model 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Theories of Conduct Disorder 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe violence inhibition mechanism (VIM) model 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe social information processing model for aggressive children 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe coercive parenting model of Patterson 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe theory of life-course persistent antisocial behaviour 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat does the application of the framework tell us about the theories? 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Tying in Biology 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelations between the cognitive and biological levels 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquivalence: brain to cognition 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCausal influences from cognition to brain 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenes and cause: the end of behaviour genetics 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndophenotypes 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMouse (and other) models for human disorders 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 To Conclude 270\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eName Index 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject Index 296\u003c\/p\u003e  \"What causes disorders of development? How can they be meaningfully defined? These questions have resulted in deeply entangled controversies. John Morton has provided a razor-sharp tool that cuts the Gordian knot. This tool uses a simple pictorial notation that leaves aside ambiguous and divisive words. It resolves entrenched but illusory oppositions between cognition and brain and between nature and nurture. It makes the confusing facts about autism, dyslexia, and other disorders fall into a new coherent pattern and invigorates the comparison of different points of view. This book is indispensable for anyone trying to understand cognitive development and its disorders.\" \u003ci\u003eUta Frith, Professor of Cognitive Development,\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eUniversity College London Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience\u003c!--end--\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"In his compelling book, \u003ci\u003eUnderstanding Developmental Disorders\u003c\/i\u003e, John Morton applies a causal modeling approach to understanding the influences that biological, cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors exert on the emergence of developmental disorders. Morton eloquently conveys a way of conceptualizing various theories of developmental disorders. This volume will provide an invaluable tool for students, practitioners, and those in academia. I highly recommend it as a must for all professionals striving to understand the origins and course of developmental disorders.\" \u003ci\u003eDante Cicchetti, Ph.D., Director, Mt. Hope Family Center\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Causal modelling of cognition is a new and original tool not only for thinking with precision about cognitive development and the ways in which it can go amiss; I can see this book having a revolutionary impact on developmental psychology. The causal-modelling framework is also valuable for exposing the kind of sloppy thinking about the causes of developmental difficulties that one sees so often in statements by journalists and politicians (the book contains many such examples). Simply and cogently written, this book is of great importance both for scientists in developmental psychology and for public-health professionals concerned with disorders such as autism, ADHD and dyslexia.\" \u003ci\u003eProf Max Coltheart, Scientific Director, Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science, Australia\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"John Morton's deep and wonderful book should be required reading for any serious student of cognitive development, as well as for any researcher concerned with developmental disabilities. In giving us a tool for thinking about the causal history of developmental disabilities, he offers profound insights into the nature of causality, the relations among different levels of analysis, and the causes of four developmental syndromes, including autism and dyslexia.\" \u003ci\u003eSusan Carey, Professor, Harvard University\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Morton's lucid and highly readable book offers an excellent tool to clarify the field of developmental disorders as it stands and to point the way to the future.\" \u003ci\u003eTrends in Cognitive Sciences, August 2005\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"Morton writes from first principles but then, as the book progresses, assumes some psychological sophistication. He has a comfortable and conversational...style that has become unusual in scientific writing. It invites reflection, questioning and discussion and I found it well suited to putting across concepts.\" \u003ci\u003eTom Berney, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, May 2006\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Morton’s causal modeling approach seems an innovative and insightful advance in examining and understanding the causes and diagnosis of pathologic conditions.” \u003ci\u003ePsychological Record\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eJohn Morton\u003c\/b\u003e is the former Director of the Medical Research Council’s Cognitive Development Unit. He is now Visiting Professor in the Department of Psychology and Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London.  This long-awaited and ground-breaking book from cognitive scientist John Morton helps to clarify the nature of developmental disorders. It challenges the basis of standard behaviourally based diagnostic practice, showing how the role of biology and cognition is crucial to understanding the underlying nature of these disorders. It also sets out a clear method for assessing and comparing the many alternative theories.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn understanding of developmental disorders depends on being able to address the issue of cause and on making the link between disorder and normal process. These were the driving forces behind the emergence of the causal modelling methodology at the Cognitive Development Unit in London by the author and his colleague Uta Frith. John Morton elucidates this method and uses it ruthlessly to compare different theories of particular developmental disorders and to pinpoint their weaknesses. The result is a book that will have a profound impact on research and thinking in the fields of psychology, neuroscience and medicine.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990428827877,"sku":"NP9780631187585","price":58.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780631187585.jpg?v=1761787789","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/understanding-developmental-disorders-isbn-9780631187585","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}