{"product_id":"trade-off-analytics-isbn-9781119237532","title":"Trade-off Analytics","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresents information to create a trade-off analysis framework for use in government and commercial acquisition environments\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book presents a decision management process based on decision theory and cost analysis best practices aligned with the ISO\/IEC 15288, the Systems Engineering Handbook, and the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge. It provides a sound trade-off analysis framework to generate the tradespace and evaluate value and risk to support system decision-making throughout the life cycle. Trade-off analysis and risk analysis techniques are examined. The authors present an integrated value trade-off and risk analysis framework based on decision theory. These trade-off analysis concepts are illustrated in the different life cycle stages using multiple examples from defense and commercial domains.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides techniques to identify and structure stakeholder objectives and creative, doable alternatives\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents the advantages and disadvantages of tradespace creation and exploration techniques for trade-off analysis of concepts, architectures, design, operations, and retirement\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers the sources of uncertainty in the system life cycle and examines how to identify, assess, and model uncertainty using probability\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIllustrates how to perform a trade-off analysis using the INCOSE Decision Management Process using both deterministic and probabilistic techniques \u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eTrade-off Analytics:  Creating and Exploring the System Tradespace\u003c\/i\u003e is written for upper undergraduate students and graduate students studying systems design, systems engineering, industrial engineering and engineering management. This book also serves as a resource for practicing systems designers, systems engineers, project managers, and engineering managers.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGregory S. Parnell, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Research Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering at the University of Arkansas. He is also a senior principal with Innovative Decisions, Inc., a decision and risk analysis firm and has served as Chairman of the Board. Dr. Parnell has published more than 100 papers and book chapters and was lead editor of \u003ci\u003eDecision Making for Systems Engineering and Management, Wiley Series in Systems Engineering\u003c\/i\u003e (2nd Ed, Wiley 2011) and lead author of the \u003ci\u003eHandbook of Decision Analysis\u003c\/i\u003e (Wiley 2013).  He is a fellow of INFORMS, the INCOSE, MORS, and the Society for Decision Professionals.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xxxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xli\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xlv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Trade-off Analysis 1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGregory S. Parnell, Matthew Cilli, Azad M. Madni and Garry Roedler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Trade-off Analyses Throughout the Life Cycle 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Trade-off Analysis to Identify System Value 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Trade-off Analysis to Identify System Uncertainties and Risks 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Trade-off Analyses can Integrate Value and Risk Analysis 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Trade-off Analysis in the Systems Engineering Decision Management Process 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Trade-off Analysis Mistakes of Omission and Commission 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Mistakes of Omission 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Mistakes of Commission 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.3 Impacts of the Trade-Off Analysis Mistakes 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Overview of the Book 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8.1 Illustrative Examples and Techniques Used in the Book 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Key Terms 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Exercises 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 A Conceptual Framework and Mathematical Foundation for Trade-Off Analysis 29\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGregory S. Parnell, Azad M. Madni and Robert F. Bordley\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Trade-Off Analysis Terms 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Influence Diagram of the Tradespace 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Stakeholder Needs System Functions and Requirements 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Objectives 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 System Alternatives 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Uncertainty 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Preferences and Evaluation of Alternatives 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.6 Resource Analysis 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.7 An Integrated Trade-Off Analyses 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Tradespace Exploration 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Summary 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Key Words 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Exercises 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Quantifying Uncertainty 51\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRobert F. Bordley\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Sources of Uncertainty in Systems Engineering 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The Rules of Probability and Human Intuition 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Probability Distributions 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Calculating Probabilities from Experiments 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Calculating Complex Probabilities from Simpler Probabilities 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Calculating Probabilities Using Parametric Distributions 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Applications of Parametric Probability Distributions 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Estimating Probabilities 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Using Historical Data 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Using Human Judgment 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Biases in Judgment 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Modeling Using Probability 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Bayes Nets 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Monte Carlo Simulation 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Monte Carlo Simulation with Dependent Uncertainties 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Monte Carlo Simulation with Partial Information on Output Values 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5 Variations on Monte Carlo Simulation 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.6 Sensitivity Analysis 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Summary 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Key Terms 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Exercises 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Analyzing Resources 91\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEdward A. Pohl, Simon R. Goerger and Kirk Michealson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Resources 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 People 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Facilities 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Costs 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Resource Space 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Cost Analysis 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Cost Estimation 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Cost Estimation Techniques 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Learning Curves 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Net Present Value 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Monte Carlo Simulation 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Sensitivity Analysis 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Affordability Analysis 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Background 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 The Basics of Affordability Analysis Are Not Difficult 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 DoD Comparison of Cost Analysis and Affordability Analysis 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Affordability Analysis Definitions 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 “Big A” Affordability Analysis Process Guide 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Key Terms 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Excercises 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Understanding Decision Management 155\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMatthew Cilli and Gregory S. Parnell\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Decision Process Context 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Decision Process Activities 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Frame Decision 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Develop Objectives and Measures 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Generate Creative Alternatives 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Assess Alternatives via Deterministic Analysis 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Synthesize Results 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 Develop Multidimensional Value Model 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7 Identify Uncertainty and Conduct Probabilistic Analysis 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.8 Assess Impact of Uncertainty 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.9 Improve Alternatives 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.10 Communicating Trade-Offs 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.11 Present Recommendation and Implementation Plan 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Summary 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Key Terms 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Exercises 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Identifying Opportunities 203\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDonna H. Rhodes and Simon R. Goerger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Knowledge 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Domain Knowledge 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Technical Knowledge 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Business Knowledge 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Expert Knowledge 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Stakeholder Knowledge 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Decision Traps 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Techniques 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Interviews 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Focus Groups 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Surveys 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Tools 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Concept Map 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 System Boundary 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Decision Hierarchy 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Issues List 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.5 Vision Statement 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.6 Influence Diagram 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.7 Selecting Appropriate Tools and Techniques 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Illustrative Examples 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Commercial 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Defense 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Key Terms 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Exercises 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Identifying Objectives and Value Measures 233\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGregory S. Parnell and William D. Miller\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Value-Focused Thinking 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Four Major VFT Ideas 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Benefits of VFT 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Shareholder and Stakeholder Value 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Private Company Example 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Government Agency Example 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Challenges in Identifying Objectives 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Identifying the Decision Objectives 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Questions to Help Identify Decision Objectives 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 How to Get Answers to the Questions 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 The Financial or Cost Objective 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Financial Objectives for Private Companies 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Cost Objective for Public Organizations 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Developing Value Measures 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Structuring Multiple Objectives 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1 Value Hierarchies 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2 Techniques for Developing Value Hierarchies 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.3 Value Hierarchy Best Practices 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.4 Cautions about Cost and Risk Objectives 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Illustrative Examples 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Military Illustrative Example 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 Homeland Security Illustrative Example 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Summary 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Key Terms 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.12 Exercises 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Developing and Evaluating Alternatives 257\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eC. Robert Kenley, Clifford Whitcomb and Gregory S. Parnell\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Overview of Decision-making Creativity and Teams 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Approaches to Decision-Making 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Cognitive Methods for Creating Alternatives 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Key Concepts for Building and Operating Teams 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Alternative Development Techniques 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Structured Creativity Methods 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Morphological Box 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Pugh Method for Alternative Generation 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 TRIZ for Alternative Development 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Assessment of Alternative Development Techniques 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Alternative Evaluation Techniques 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Decision-Theory-Based Approaches 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Pugh Method for Alternative Evaluation 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Axiomatic Approach to Design (AAD) 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 TRIZ for Alternative Evaluation 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.5 Design of Experiments (DOE) 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.6 Taguchi Approach 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.7 Quality Function Deployment (QFD) 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.8 Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Assessment of Alternative Evaluation Techniques 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Key Terms 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Exercises 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 An Integrated Model for Trade-Off Analysis 297\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexander D. MacCalman, Gregory S. Parnell and Sam Savage\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Conceptual Design Example 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Integrated Approach Influence Diagram 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Decision Nodes 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Uncertainty Nodes 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Constant Node 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.4 Value Nodes 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Other Types of Trade-Off Analysis 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Simulation Tools 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Monte Carlo Simulation Proprietary Add-Ins 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 The Discipline of Probability Management 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 SIPmath\u003csup\u003eTM\u003c\/sup\u003e Tool in Native Excel 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4 Model Building Steps 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Summary 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Key Terms 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Exercises 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Exploring Concept Trade-Offs 337\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAzad M. Madni and Adam M. Ross\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Key Concepts Concept Trade-Offs and Concept Exploration 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Defining the Concept Space and System Concept of Operations 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Exploring the Concept Space 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Storytelling-Enabled Tradespace Exploration 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Decisions and Outcomes 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Contingent Decision-Making 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Trade-off Analysis Frameworks 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Tradespace and System Design Life Cycle 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 From Point Trade-offs to Tradespace Exploration 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Value-based Multiattribute Tradespace Analysis 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 Tradespace Exploration and Sensitivity Analysis 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Tradespace Exploration and Uncertainty 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.3 Tradespace Exploration with Spiral Development 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.4 Tradespace Exploration in Relation to Optimization and Decision Theory 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Illustrative Example 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.1 Step 1: Determine Key Decision-Makers 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.2 Step 2: Scope and Bound the Mission 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.3 Step 3: Elicit Attributes and Utilities (Preference Capture) 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.4 Step 4: Define Design Vector Elements (Concept Generation) 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.5 Step 5: Develop Model(s) (Evaluation) 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.6 Step 6: Generate the Tradespace (Computation) 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8.7 Step 7: Explore the Tradespace (Analysis and Synthesis) 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Conclusions 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Key Terms 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Exercises 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Architecture Evaluation Framework 377\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJames N. Martin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Architecture in the Decision Space 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Architecture Evaluation 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Architecture Views and Viewpoints 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4 Stakeholders 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.5 Stakeholder Concerns 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.6 Architecture versus Design 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7 On the Uses of Architecture 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.8 Standardizing on an Architecture Evaluation Strategy 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Key Considerations in Evaluating Architectures 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Plan-Driven Evaluation Effort 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Objectives-Driven Evaluation 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Assessment versus Analysis 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Architecture Evaluation Elements 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Architecture Evaluation Approach 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Architecture Evaluation Objectives 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Evaluation Approach Examples 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Value Assessment Methods 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.5 Value Assessment Criteria 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.6 Architecture Analysis Methods 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Steps in an Architecture Evaluation Process 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Example Evaluation Taxonomy 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Business Impact Factors 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Mission Impact Factors 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3 Architecture Attributes 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Summary 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Key Terms 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Exercises 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Exploring the Design Space 405\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eClifford Whitcomb and Paul Beery\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Example 1: Liftboat 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Liftboat Fractional Factorial Design of Experiments 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Liftboat Design Trade-Off Space 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Liftboat Uncertainty Analysis 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Liftboat Example Summary 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Example 2: Cruise Ship Design 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Cruise Ship Taguchi Design of Experiments 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Cruise Ship Design Trade-Off Space 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Cruise Ship Example Summary 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Example 3: NATO Naval Surface Combatant Ship 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 NATO Surface Combatant Ship Stakeholder Need 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 NATO Surface Combatant Ship Box–Behnken Design of Experiments 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 NATO Surface Combatant Ship Cost-Effectiveness Trade-Off 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 NATO Surface Combatant Ship Design Tradespace 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.5 NATO Surface Combatant Ship Design Trade-Off 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.6 NATO Surface Combatant Ship Trade-Off Summary 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Key Terms 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Exercises 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Sustainment Related Models and Trade Studies 437\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJohn E. MacCarthy and Andres Vargas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Availability Modeling and Trade Studies 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 FMDS Background 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 FMDS Availability Trade Studies 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 Section Synopsis 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Sustainment Life Cycle Cost Modeling and Trade Studies14 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 The Total System Life Cycle Model 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 The O\u0026amp;S Cost Model 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Life Cycle Cost Trade Study 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Optimization in Availability Trade Studies 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Setting Up the Optimization Problem 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Instantiating the Optimization Model 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Discussion of the Optimization Model Results 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 Deterministic Sensitivity Analysis 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Monte Carlo Modeling 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Input Probability Distributions for the Monte Carlo Model 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Monte Carlo Simulation Results 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 Stochastic Sensitivity Analysis 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Chapter Summary 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Key Terms 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Exercises 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Performing Programmatic Trade-Off Analyses 483\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGina Guillaume-Joseph and John E. MacCarthy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 System Acceptance Decisions and Trade Studies 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Acceptance Decision Framework 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Calculating the Confidence That a System Is “Good” 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Acceptance Test Design and Trade Studies 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 A “Delay Fix and Test” Cost Model 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 The Integrated Decision Model 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.6 Conclusions 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Product Cancelation Decision Trade Study 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Introduction 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Significance 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Defining Failure 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.4 Developing the Predictive Model 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.5 Research Results 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.6 Model Implementation In Industry 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.7 Predictive Model Deployment in Industry 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.8 When the Decision Has Been Made to Cancel the System 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.9 Conclusion 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Product Retirement Decision Trade Study 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Introduction 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Legacy HR Systems 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 The US NAVY Retirement and Decommission Program for Nuclear-Powered Vessels 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.4 Decision Analysis for Decommissioning Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms in California 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.5 System Retirement and Decommissioning Strategy 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.6 Conclusion 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Key Terms 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Exercises 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Summary and Future Trends 571\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGregory S. Parnell and Simon R. Goerger\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Major Trade-Off Analysis Themes 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Use Standard Systems Engineering Terminology 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Avoid the Mistakes of Omission and Commission 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Use a Decision Management Framework 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Use Decision Analysis as the Mathematical Foundation 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Explicitly Define the Decision Opportunity 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.6 Identify and Structure Decision Objectives and Measures 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.7 Identify Creative Doable Alternatives 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.8 Use the Most Appropriate Modeling and Simulation Technique for the Life Cycle Stage 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.9 Include Resource Analysis in the Trade-Off Analysis 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.10 Explicitly Consider Uncertainty 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.11 Identify the Cost Value Schedule and Risk Drivers 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.12 Provide an Integrated Framework for Cost Value and Risk Analyses 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Future of Trade-Off Analysis 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Education and Training of Systems Engineers 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Systems Engineering Methodologies and Tools 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Emergent Tradespace Factors 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Summary 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 583\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGregory S. Parnell, Ph.D,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Research Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering at the University of Arkansas. He is also a senior principal with Innovative Decisions, Inc., a decision and risk analysis firm and has served as Chairman of the Board. Dr. Parnell has published more than 100 papers and book chapters and was lead editor of \u003ci\u003eDecision Making for Systems Engineering and Management,\u003c\/i\u003e Wiley Series in Systems Engineering (2nd Ed, Wiley 2011) and lead author of the Handbook of Decision Analysis (Wiley 2013). He is a fellow of INFORMS, INCOSE, MORS, and the Society for Decision Professionals.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresents information to create a trade-off analysis framework for use in government and commercial acquisition environments\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book presents a decision management process based on decision theory and cost analysis best practices aligned with the ISO\/IEC 15288, the Systems Engineering Handbook, and the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge. It provides a sound trade-off analysis framework to generate the tradespace and evaluate value and risk to support system decision-making throughout the life cycle. Trade-off analysis and risk analysis techniques are examined. The authors present an integrated value trade-off and risk analysis framework based on decision theory. These trade-off analysis concepts are illustrated in the different life cycle stages by using multiple examples from defense and commercial domains. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides techniques to de ne the decision opportunity\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides techniques to identify and structure stakeholder objectives and develop creative, doable alternatives\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents the advantages and disadvantages of tradespace creation and exploration techniques for trade-off analysis of concepts, architectures, design, operations, and retirement\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEmphasizes the sources of uncertainty in the system life cycle and examines how to identify, assess, and model uncertainty using probability\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIllustrates how to perform a trade-off analysis using INCOSE Decision Management Process using both deterministic and probabilistic techniques\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eTrade-off Analytics: Creating and Exploring the System Tradespace\u003c\/i\u003e is written for upper undergraduate students and graduate students studying systems design, systems engineering, industrial engineering, and engineering management. This book also serves as a resource for practicing systems designers, systems engineers, project managers, and engineering managers.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990401073381,"sku":"NP9781119237532","price":116.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119237532.jpg?v=1761787680","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/trade-off-analytics-isbn-9781119237532","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}