{"product_id":"toxicology-of-nanoparticles-and-nanomaterials-in-human-terrestrial-and-aquatic-systems-isbn-9781119316336","title":"Toxicology of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Human, Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems","description":"\u003cb\u003eToxicology of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Human, Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn indispensable compendium detailing the toxicology of nanoparticles with a focus on mechanisms, emerging issues, and new approaches \u003c\/b\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eToxicology of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Human, Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems\u003c\/i\u003e provides authoritative information on the toxicology of ultrafine and nanoparticulate matter that contaminate terrestrial or aquatic environments and present unique challenges in applied public health and toxicological research. Detailed chapters by a panel of world-renowned experts examine the complementary and dynamic interdependence of aquatic, terrestrial, and human systems and the toxicological impacts on exposure to engineered and manufactured nanoparticles and nanomaterials.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOrganized into four sections, the book opens with a thorough overview of the field, including known challenges and the necessity for current research activity. The second section describes terrestrial and aquatic systems and the ecotoxicological impact of nanomaterials, followed by critical analysis of the many human health effects of nanomaterials. The book concludes with an in-depth discussion of current gaps in knowledge, future directions, new approach methodologies, alternatives to animal models, and the emerging environmental threat from nanoplastics. Presenting case exemplars of the ecotoxicological impact of nanoparticles in aquatic and terrestrial systems, this important resource:  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresents in-depth coverage of ecosafety, environmental behavior, fate and transport, interactive effects with other contaminants, and current challenges in soil nano-ecotoxicology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAddresses rising concerns regarding air pollution and neurological disorders, and the roles played by the gastrointestinal system, the mucosal microbiome, and the immunotoxicology and vasculotoxicity of metal-based nanoparticles\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides detailed coverage of nanomaterial health effects from both animal and in vitro models, including the gut microbiome, innate immunity, neurological and cardiovascular impacts, mechanisms of action, and hazard characterization \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAnalyzes key topics in ecological nanotoxicology such as environmental micro- and nano-plastic pollution and applied risk assessment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eToxicology of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Human, Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems\u003c\/i\u003e is essential reading for toxicologists, applied biologists, ecotoxicologists, research scientists, medical professionals, regulators, and advanced students in fields such as public health, environmental ecotoxicology and medicine, immunotoxicology, neurotoxicology, cardiovascular and systems biology, hazard identification, and risk assessment. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEditor Biography xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection I Introduction \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 A One Health Perspective and Introduction \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarc A. Williams and Gunda Reddy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Background 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Structural and Logical Organization of the Book 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection II Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Ecosafety of Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e21\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaria J. Bebianno, Thiago L. Rocha, José P. Pinheiro, Margarida Ribau Teixeira, and Fernanda Cassio\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Inputs of NMs to the Aquatic Environment 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 HowWastewater Treatment Processes Act in the Removal of Nanomaterials? 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 So What Is Expected to Occur in WWTPs Processes? 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 The Importance of Understanding Speciation of NMs 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Ecotoxicological Effects of NMs in Freshwater Organisms 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Ecotoxicological Effects of NMs in Marine Organisms 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Interactive Effects of NMs with Other Contaminants 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of NMs 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Changes in Toxicant Physicochemistry and Bioavailability During Sorption\/Desorption Processes with TiO\u003csub\u003e2 \u003c\/sub\u003eNanoparticles in the Aqueous Phase \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e59\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDanae Patsiou, Martin R. S. McCoustra, Teresa F. Fernandes, and Theodore B. Henry\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Properties of TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e NPs in the Aqueous Phase 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Agglomeration 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Oxidation of TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e NPs by UV Radiation 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Sorption of Organic Substances to TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e NPs 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Influence of Organic Matter on Sorption 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Influence of TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e NP Surface Area on Sorption 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Use of Bioavailability to Inform on Sorption of Organic Compounds on TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e NPs 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Conclusions 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Behavior, Fate, and Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles in Estuarine and Coastal Environments \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e79\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDaniel M. Lyons and Petra Buri\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eć\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Types of Nanoparticles: Sources\/Products\/Release Routes 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Behavior of Nanoparticles in the Water Column 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Biota, Trophic Transfer, Toxicity, and Mechanisms 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Measurement Issues and Regulatory Environment 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Modeling 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Knowledge Gaps and Research Prospects 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Interactive Effects of Nanomaterials with Other Contaminants on Aquatic Organisms: nTiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e as a Case Study \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e101\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLaura Canesi, Camilla Della Torre, Teresa Balbi, and Ilaria Corsi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Interactive Effects of NPs with Other Contaminants in Aquatic Organisms: nTiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e as a Case Study 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Interactions Between nTiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e and Other Contaminants in Marine Invertebrates: The Example of the Bivalve \u003ci\u003eMytilus \u003c\/i\u003e106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Effects of nTiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e and Cd\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c\/sup\u003e 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Effects of nTiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e and TCDD 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Interactions Between nTiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e and Other Contaminants in Marine Fish: The Example of the European Sea Bass (\u003ci\u003eDicentrarchus labrax\u003c\/i\u003e) 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Interactive Effects of NPs with Other Contaminants in Marine Species: Importance of Exposure Media 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Concluding Remarks 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Soil Nano-ecotoxicology: What Have We Learned from Standard Tests and What May We Be Missing? \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e121\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid J. Spurgeon, Elma Lahive, Carolin Schultz, and Claus Svendsen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Development of Standard Test Methods and Their Application to Nanomaterials 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 From Soil Ecotoxicological Tests to Risk Assessment 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Looking Beyond Standardized Tests Toward Effects in Ecosystems 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Choice of Test Species 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Particle “Aging” on Toxicity in Natural Environments 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 How Soil Properties Interact with Nanomaterial Properties to Determine Bioavailability 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Nanomaterial Bioaccumulation and Food Chain Transfer 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.5 Short-Term Tests Predict Long-Term Effects 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Standard Ecotoxicological Tests: A Blessing and A Curse? 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Impacts of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e147\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRenato Grillo and Leonardo F. Fraceto\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Properties 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2 Commercial Importance and Applications of IONPs 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3 Potential Toxic Effects of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Gaps and Obstacles 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Conclusions 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Carbon Nanotubes: Sublethal Effects and Unique Mechanisms of Toxicity in Aquatic Species \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e165\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTara Sabo-Attwood, Christine Ngan, Candice Lavelle, Jaime Plazas-Tuttle, and Navid B. Saleh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Carbon Nanotubes in Aquatic Environments 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Classical Toxicity: What We Have Learned 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Unique Mechanisms and Effects 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Nutrient Depletion 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Immune Modulation 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Influence on Co-contaminants 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Next-Generation Nanomaterials: Nanohybrids 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Variation in Nanohybrid Composition and Environmentally Relevant Properties 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Toxic Responses Demonstrated by NHs 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Future Perspectives 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Surface Reactivity of Anatase and Rutile Samples: Relationship with Toxicity on Aquatic Organisms \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e187\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCharlotte Hurel, Norbert Jordan, Ulrike Gerber, Stephan Weiss, Bernd Kubier, and Reinhard Kleeberg\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Solid Phase Characterization 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Potentiometric Titrations 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Electrophoresis Measurements 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 In NaNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 In Synthetic Freshwater (SFW) 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Size Measurements of the Agglomerates 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 In NaNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 In Synthetic Freshwater (SFW) 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Ecotoxicity Tests 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Rotifer Toxicity Test 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Microcrustacean Toxicity Test 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 Diatoms Toxicity Test 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Discussion 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Conclusions 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Cardiorespiratory Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e213\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChristopher A. Dieni and Tyson J. MacCormack\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Engineered Nanomaterial Toxicity 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Uptake-Independent Mechanisms 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.1 Accumulation on Cell Surfaces and Interference with Membrane and Transport Functions 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.2 Activation of Cell Surface Inflammatory Receptors 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1.3 Uptake-Independent Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Uptake-Dependent Mechanisms 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.1 Disruption of Ion Transporters by Intact Nanostructures and Ion Products and Physiological Regulation 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2.2 Activation of Systemic Immunity 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Complement 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Phagocytosis 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusions and Ecological Perspectives 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection III Human Systems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Air Pollution and Neurodevelopmental Disorders \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e239\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoshua L. Allen, Carolyn Klocke, Keith Morris-Schaffer, Katherine Conrad, Marissa Sobolewski, and Deborah A. Cory-Slechta\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Air Pollution and the Brain 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 The Brain as a Target of Air Pollution 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Air Pollution and Neurodevelopmental Disorders 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Shared Co-morbidities of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Potential Mechanisms of Air Pollution Associations with Neurodevelopmental Disorders 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.1 Microglial Activation and Inflammation 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.2 Ventriculomegaly, White Matter Damage, and Consequent Interhemispheric Dysconnectivity 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2.3 Altered Glutamate and Dopamine 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 An Animal Model of UFP-Induced Developmental Neuropathology and Behavioral Disorders 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Developmental CAPS Exposures of Mice Produce Male-Specific Microglial Activation 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Developmental CAPS Exposures of Mice Produce Male-Specific Ventriculomegaly 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Developmental CAPS Exposures of Mice Produce Male-Specific White Matter Tract Disruption 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3.1 Corpus Callosum Size 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3.2 Corpus Callosum Myelination 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 Developmental CAPS Exposures of Mice Elevate Glutamate Levels and Result in Male-Specific Excitatory–Inhibitory Imbalance 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.5 Developmental CAPS Exposures of Mice Are Associated with Impulsive-Like Behavior 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Summary and Conclusions 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Toxicity of Nanomaterials to the Gastrointestinal Tract \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e277\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePenelope A. Rice\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 GI Physiology and Toxicity Testing 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Nanomaterial Toxicity Assessment: Challenges 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Toxicity of Specific Nanomaterial Types 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Titanium Dioxide 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Silica 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Nanosilver 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 ZnO Nanoparticles 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.5 Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Miscellaneous Nanomaterials 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Analysis and Conclusions 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 The Mucosal Microbiome: Impact of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e353\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKatherine M. Williams, Kuppan Gokulan, and Sangeeta Khare\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Types of Nanoparticles and Human Exposure 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Factors Influencing Nanomaterial\/Microbiota Interactions in the Intestinal Mucosal Environment 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Nanomaterial-Specific Factors 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Gut Environment-Specific Factors 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Protein Corona 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Nanomaterial Effects on Bacterial Microbiota 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Metallic NM 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1.1 Antibacterial Activity 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1.2 Impact in Gut Models 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Metal Oxide NM 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.1 Antibacterial Activity 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2.2 Impact in Gut Models 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Carbon-Based NM 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3.1 Antibacterial Activity 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3.2 Impact in Gut Models 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Nanomaterial Effects on Viral and Fungal Microbiota 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Conclusions 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Antibacterial Activity of NMs 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Evidence for NM Effects on Gut Mucosal Microbiota 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.3 Strategies for Assessing NM–Microbiota Effects 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.4 Direction for Future Research 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.5 Conclusion 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Human Health Impacts and Immunotoxicology of Metal Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials – An Overview \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e383\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGregory P. Nichols and Jason Davis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction and Background 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Welding Fumes as Surrogates for Metal Nanoparticles 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Immune-Related Health Effects 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Oxidative Stress and Immunologic Effects 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Conclusion 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Immune-Triggered Human Health Effects of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Immune Interaction 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Cellular Mechanisms of Injury 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 Oxidative Stress 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 Interaction with Cellular Membranes and Proteins 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.11 Disruption of Signaling Pathways 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12 Immune Response 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.13 Immunosuppression 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.14 Inflammation and Autoimmunity 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.15 Sensitivity\/Hypersensitivity 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.16 Summary 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Vasculotoxicity of Metal-Based Nanoparticles \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e401\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaria S. Sepúlveda and Jiejun Gao\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Nanoparticles in the Environment 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Vascular Development 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Critical Issues in Assessing the Toxicity of NPs 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Vascular Toxicity of NPs \u003ci\u003eIn Vitro \u003c\/i\u003e404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Vascular Toxicity of NPs \u003ci\u003eIn Vivo \u003c\/i\u003e409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Movement of NPs Through the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Conclusions 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection IV Future Directions and Gaps in the Knowledge \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e423\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Knowledge Gaps, Future Directions, and the Emergence of Nanoplastics as an Environmental Threat Pollutant \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e425\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarc A. Williams and Desmond I. Bannon\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Current Concerns and Scope of the Problem 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 A survey of the Identified Knowledge Gaps and Needs for Future Research 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Knowledge Gaps – Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecotoxicology 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Knowledge Gaps – Adverse Health Effects in Humans 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Emerging Threats and Future Directions 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5.1 Nanoplastics – An Emergent Environmental Threat Pollutant 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Conclusions and Other Considerations 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarc A. Williams, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is an immunotoxicologist and Project Manager for Ecotoxicological Assessment, U.S. Army Public Health Center, Directorate of Toxicology, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. He is the author of more than 100 peer-reviewed articles, papers, book chapters, book titles, and scientific reports, with research interests in environmental toxicology, nanotoxicology, immunotoxicology and public health. Dr Williams is the Editor-in-Chief of \u003ci\u003eDrug and Chemical Toxicology\u003c\/i\u003e and a regular editor for \u003ci\u003eToxicology Letters. \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn indispensable compendium detailing the toxicology of nanoparticles with a focus on mechanisms, emerging issues, and new approaches \u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eToxicology of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Human, Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems\u003c\/i\u003e provides authoritative information on the toxicology of ultrafine and nanoparticulate matter that contaminate terrestrial or aquatic environments and present unique challenges in applied public health and toxicological research. Detailed chapters by a panel of world-renowned experts examine the complementary and dynamic interdependence of aquatic, terrestrial, and human systems and the toxicological impacts on exposure to engineered and manufactured nanoparticles and nanomaterials.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOrganized into four sections, the book opens with a thorough overview of the field, including known challenges and the necessity for current research activity. The second section describes terrestrial and aquatic systems and the ecotoxicological impact of nanomaterials, followed by critical analysis of the many human health effects of nanomaterials. The book concludes with an in-depth discussion of current gaps in knowledge, future directions, new approach methodologies, alternatives to animal models, and the emerging environmental threat from nanoplastics. Presenting case exemplars of the ecotoxicological impact of nanoparticles in aquatic and terrestrial systems, this important resource:  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePresents in-depth coverage of ecosafety, environmental behavior, fate and transport, interactive effects with other contaminants, and current challenges in soil nano-ecotoxicology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAddresses rising concerns regarding air pollution and neurological disorders, and the roles played by the gastrointestinal system, the mucosal microbiome, and the immunotoxicology and vasculotoxicity of metal-based nanoparticles\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides detailed coverage of nanomaterial health effects from both animal and in vitro models, including the gut microbiome, innate immunity, neurological and cardiovascular impacts, mechanisms of action, and hazard characterization \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAnalyzes key topics in ecological nanotoxicology such as environmental micro- and nano-plastic pollution and applied risk assessment\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eToxicology of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials in Human, Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems\u003c\/i\u003e is essential reading for toxicologists, applied biologists, ecotoxicologists, research scientists, medical professionals, regulators, and advanced students in fields such as public health, environmental ecotoxicology and medicine, immunotoxicology, neurotoxicology, cardiovascular and systems biology, hazard identification, and risk assessment.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990399926501,"sku":"NP9781119316336","price":225.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119316336.jpg?v=1761787674","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/toxicology-of-nanoparticles-and-nanomaterials-in-human-terrestrial-and-aquatic-systems-isbn-9781119316336","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}