{"product_id":"thermoelectrics-isbn-9781394317356","title":"Thermoelectrics","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComplete introduction to the field of thermoelectrics, covering materials, applications, recent developments, and more, with end-of-chapter problems included throughout\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThermoelectrics\u003c\/i\u003e provides an introduction to the fundamental theories in the fast developing and interdisciplinary field of thermoelectrics. The topics covered are in sync with contemporary technology advancement happenings within the TEC\/TEG electronics cooling community and include discussion of challenges and concerns surrounding practical applications. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe first section covers thermoelectric generators and coolers (refrigerators) before examining optimal design with dimensional analysis. A number of applications are considered, including solar thermoelectric generators, thermoelectric air conditioners and refrigerators, thermoelectric coolers for electronic devices, thermoelectric compact heat exchangers, and biomedical thermoelectric energy harvesting systems. The second section focuses on materials and covers the physics of electrons and phonons, theoretical modeling of thermoelectric transport properties, thermoelectric materials, and nanostructures. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this Second Edition, many new examples and end-of-chapter problems have been added. New results from the theories have been added in certain chapters, along with new design charts and many examples showing how to use the charts. A companion website hosts solution manuals and appendices. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample topics covered in \u003ci\u003eThermoelectrics\u003c\/i\u003e include: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermoelectric effects, including the Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects as well as Thomson\/Kelvin relationships\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerformance, maximum, abnormal parameters for thermoelectric modules as well as effective material properties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermal and electrical contact resistances for micro and macro devices, with information on modeling and validation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermoelectric transport properties, covering Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, lattice and electronic thermal conductivities\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow-dimensional nanostructures, covering quantum wells, wires, and dots and supporting proof-of-principle studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThermoelectrics\u003c\/i\u003e is an ideal resource on the fundamentals of the subject for professionals in the electronics cooling industry, solid state physicists, and materials scientists and engineers. It is also a valuable reference for early career scientists and undergraduate and graduate students in related programs of study. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Thermoelectric Effect 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Seebeck Effect 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Peltier Effect 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Thomson Effect 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Thomson (or Kelvin) Relationships 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Figure of Merit 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 New Generation Thermoelectrics 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Thermoelectric Generators 9\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Ideal Equations 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Performance Parameters of a Thermoelectric Module 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Maximum Parameters for a Thermoelectric Module 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Normalized Parameters 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 2.1 Estimate Heat Flow 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 2.2 Using Ideal Equations 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Effective Material Properties 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Comparison of Calculations with a Commercial Product 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 2.3 Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Figure of Merit and Optimum Geometry 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Thermoelectric Coolers and Heat Pumps 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Ideal Equations 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Maximum Parameters 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Normalized Parameters for Thermoelectric Coolers 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 3.1 Thermoelectric Cooler 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Normalized Parameters for Thermoelectric Heat Pumps 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 3.2 Thermoelectric Heat Pump 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 3.3 Thermoelectric Cooler and Heat Pump 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 3.4 Thermoelectric Air Conditioner 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Effective Material Properties 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Comparison of Calculations with a Commercial Product 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Multistage Modules 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7.1 Commercial Multistage Peltier Modules 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Optimal System Design 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Optimal System Design for Thermoelectric Generators 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Basic Equations 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Instability and Maximum Efficiency 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Dimensionless Characteristics 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Effect of Convection Conductance 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Dimensionless Characteristics 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4.1 Waste Heat Recovery System 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4.2 Thermoelectric Generator System in a Nuclear Reactor 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4.3 Thermoelectric Generator on a Wood Stove 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Thermoelectric Generator System with Thermal Radiation 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Dimensional Analysis 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Instability and Maximum Efficiency with Radiation 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Dimensionless Characteristics 854.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Heat Flux Conversion to Dimensionless Surrounding Temperature 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4.4 Thermoelectric Generator System for an Offshore Fusion Nuclear Reactor 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Optimal System Design of Thermoelectric Coolers and Heat Pumps 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Basic Equations 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Instability 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Dimensionless Optimal Cooling Power 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Effect of Convection Conductance N\u003csub\u003eh\u003c\/sub\u003e 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 Dimensionless Characteristics for Optimal Cooling and Half Optimal Cooling 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4.5 Thermoelectric Cooler System 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.6 Micro Cooler System 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4.6 Micro Cooling System 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.7 Thermoelectric Heat Pumps 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.8 Heat Sinks Without Thermoelectric Cooler 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4.7 Thermoelectric Cooler and Heat Pump 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Thermoelectric Cooler System with Heat Flux 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Basic Equations 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Dimensional Analysis 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Instability 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Optimal Cooling 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5 Dimensionless Characteristics 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4.8 Thermoelectric Cooler System with Heat Flux 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4.9 Isotherm Instrument 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 4.10 Car Seat Climate Control 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermoelectric Generator System 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Programming 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermoelectric Cooler System 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Programming 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProjects 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Thomson Effect, Exact Solution, and Compatibility Factor 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Thermodynamics of the Thomson Effect 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Peltier Effect 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Thomson Effect 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Thomson (or Kelvin) Relationships 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Exact Solutions 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Equations for the Exact Solutions and the Ideal Equation 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Thermoelectric Generator 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Thermoelectric Coolers 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Compatibility Factor 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Reduced Current Density 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Heat Balance Equation 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Numerical Solution 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Infinitesimal Efficiency 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Reduced Efficiency 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 Reduced Efficiency 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.7 Compatibility Factor 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.8 Segmented Thermoelements 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.9 Thermoelectric Potential 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Thomson Effect 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Formulation of Basic Equations 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Numeric Solutions of the Thomson Effect 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Comparison Between the Thomson Effect and Ideal Equation 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Thermal and Electrical Contact Resistances for Micro and Macro Devices 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Modeling and Validation 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Cancellation of Spreading Resistance with Thermal Contact Resistance 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Thermoelectric Coolers 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 Thermoelectric Generators 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.4 Validation of Model 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Micro and Macro Thermoelectric Coolers 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Effect of Leg Length 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Effect of Material on Ceramic Plate 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Micro and Macro Thermoelectric Generators 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Model and Verification for Macro TE Generators 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Effect of Load Resistance 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Effect of Leg Length and Ceramic Material 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Modeling of Thermoelectric Generators and Coolers with Heat Sinks 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Modeling of Thermoelectric Generators with Heat Sinks 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Modeling 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Plate-Fin Heat Sinks 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Nusselt Number for Air 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Turbulent Flow for Gases and Liquids 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Optimal Design of Heat Sink 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Single Fin Efficiency 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Overall Fin Efficiency 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Modeling of Thermoelectric Coolers with Heat Sinks 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Modeling 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Applications 219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Recent Studies 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Modeling of Module Tests 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Modeling of TEG 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.4 New Design of TEG 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Solar Thermoelectric Generators (STEGs) 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Recent Studies 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Modeling of a STEG 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Optimal Design of STEG (Dimensional Analysis) 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 New Design of STEG 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Automotive Thermoelectric Air Conditioner (TEAC) 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Recent Studies 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Modeling of Air-to-Air TEAC 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Optimal Design of TEAC 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 New Design of TEAC 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Crystal Structure 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Atomic Mass 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Avogadro’s Number 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 9.1 Mass of One Atom 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Unit Cells of a Crystal 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Bravais Lattices 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 9.2 Gold Au Forms an FCC Unit Cell. Its Atomic Radius is 1.44 Å. Calculate the Lattice Constant\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eof the Gold, and Also Calculate the Density of Gold 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Crystal Planes 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 9.3 Indices of a Plane 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Physics of Electrons 279\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Quantum Mechanics 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 Electromagnetic Wave 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 Atomic Structure 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 Bohr’s Model 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.4 Line Spectra 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.5 De Broglie Wave 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.6 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.7 Schrödinger Equation 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.8 A Particle in a One-Dimensional Box 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.9 Quantum Numbers 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.10 Electron Configurations 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 10.1 Electronic Configuration of a Silicon Atom 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Band Theory and Doping 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Covalent Bonding 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Energy Band 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Pseudo-Potential Well 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Doping, Donors, and Acceptors 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Density of States, Fermi Energy, and Energy Bands 299\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Current and Energy Transport 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Electron Density of States 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Dispersion Relation 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Effective Mass 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Density of States 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Fermi–Dirac Distribution 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Electron Concentration 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Fermi Energy in Metals 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 11.1 Fermi Energy in Gold 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Fermi Energy in Semiconductors 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 11.2 Fermi Energy in Doped Semiconductors 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Energy Bands 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 Multiple Bands 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Direct and Indirect Semiconductors 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.3 Periodic Potential (Kronig–Penney Model) 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Thermoelectric Transport Properties for Electrons 319\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Boltzmann Transport Equation 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Semiclassical Model of Metals 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Electric Current Density 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Electrical Conductivity 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 12.1 Electron Relaxation Time of Gold 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Seebeck Coefficient 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 12.2 Seebeck Coefficient of Gold 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Electronic Thermal Conductivity 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 12.3 Electronic Thermal Conductivity of Gold 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Power-Law Model for Metals and Semiconductors 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Equipartition Principle 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Parabolic Single-Band Model 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 12.4 Seebeck coefficient of PbTe 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 12.5 Material Parameter 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Hall Effect 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Electron Relaxation Time 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Acoustic Phonon Scattering 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Polar Optical Phonon Scattering 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Ionized Impurity Scattering 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.4 Comparison Between the Semiclassical Model and Experiments 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 12.6 Electron Mobility and Electrical Conductivity 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Multiband Effects 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Nonparabolicity 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Comparison Between the Semiclassical Model and Experiments 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Program 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Phonons 351\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Vibration of Lattice 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Crystal Vibration 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 One Atom in a Primitive cell 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Two Atoms in a Unit cell 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Specific Heat 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Internal Energy 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Debye Model 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 13.1 Atomic Size and Specific Heat 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Lattice Thermal Conduction 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Debye–Callaway Model 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Umklapp Processes 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 Callaway Model 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.4 Phonon Relaxation Times 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 13.2 Lattice Thermal Conductivity 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.5 Lower Limit of Thermal Conductivity 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Low-Dimensional Nanostructures 377\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Low-Dimensional Systems 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.1 Quantum Well (2D) 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExample 14.1 Energy Levels of a Quantum Well 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.2 Quantum Wires (1D) 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.3 Quantum Dots (0D) 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.4 Thermoelectric Transport Properties of Quantum Wells 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.5 Thermoelectric Transport Properties of Quantum Wires 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1.6 Proof-of-Principle Studies 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Generic Model of Bulk Silicon and Nanowires 393\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Electron Density of States for Bulk and Nanowires 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.1 Density of States 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Carrier Concentrations for Two-band Model 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Bulk 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Nanowires 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Bipolar Effect and Fermi Energy 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Electron Transport Properties for Bulk and Nanowires 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Electrical Conductivity 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Seebeck Coefficient 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Electronic Thermal Conductivity 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Electron Scattering Mechanisms 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Acoustic-Phonon Scattering 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Ionized Impurity Scattering 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Polar Optical Phonon Scattering 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.4 Total Electron Relaxation Time 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Lattice Thermal Conductivity 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Phonon Relaxation Time 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Input Data for Bulk Si and Nanowires 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Bulk Si 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.1 Fermi Energy 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.2 Electron Mobility 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.3 Thermoelectric Transport Properties 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8.4 Dimensionless Figure of Merit 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Si Nanowires 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9.1 Electron Properties 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9.2 Phonon Properties for Si Nanowires 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Theoretical Model of Thermoelectric Transport Properties 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Theoretical Equations 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Carrier Transport Properties 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Scattering Mechanisms for Electron Relaxation Times 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 Lattice Thermal Conductivity 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.4 Phonon Relaxation Times 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.5 Phonon Density of States and Specific Heat 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.6 Dimensionless Figure of Merit 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Results and Discussion 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Electron or Hole Scattering Mechanisms 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Transport Properties 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Summary 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Thermophysical Properties 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix c Fermi Integral 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix d Periodic Table 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix G Conversion Factors 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 507\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHOSUNG LEE\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor Emeritus of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Western Michigan University.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComplete introduction to the field of thermoelectrics, covering materials, applications, recent developments, and more, with end-of-chapter problems included throughout\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThermoelectrics\u003c\/i\u003e provides an introduction to the fundamental theories in the fast developing and interdisciplinary field of thermoelectrics. The topics covered are in sync with contemporary technology advancement happenings within the TEC\/TEG electronics cooling community and include discussion of challenges and concerns surrounding practical applications. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe first section covers thermoelectric generators and coolers (refrigerators) before examining optimal design with dimensional analysis. A number of applications are considered, including solar thermoelectric generators, thermoelectric air conditioners and refrigerators, thermoelectric coolers for electronic devices, thermoelectric compact heat exchangers, and biomedical thermoelectric energy harvesting systems. The second section focuses on materials and covers the physics of electrons and phonons, theoretical modeling of thermoelectric transport properties, thermoelectric materials, and nanostructures. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this Second Edition, many new examples and end-of-chapter problems have been added. New results from the theories have been added in certain chapters, along with new design charts and many examples showing how to use the charts. A companion website hosts solution manuals and appendices. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample topics covered in \u003ci\u003eThermoelectrics\u003c\/i\u003e include: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermoelectric effects, including the Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects as well as Thomson\/Kelvin relationships\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerformance, maximum, abnormal parameters for thermoelectric modules as well as effective material properties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermal and electrical contact resistances for micro and macro devices, with information on modeling and validation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermoelectric transport properties, covering Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, lattice and electronic thermal conductivities\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow-dimensional nanostructures, covering quantum wells, wires, and dots and supporting proof-of-principle studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThermoelectrics\u003c\/i\u003e is an ideal resource on the fundamentals of the subject for professionals in the electronics cooling industry, solid state physicists, and materials scientists and engineers. It is also a valuable reference for early career scientists and undergraduate and graduate students in related programs of study.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990384623845,"sku":"NP9781394317356","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781394317356.jpg?v=1761787610","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/thermoelectrics-isbn-9781394317356","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}