{"product_id":"the-psychology-of-interrogations-and-confessions-isbn-9780470844618","title":"The Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions","description":"This volume, a sequel to The Psychology of Interrogations, Confessions and Testimony which is widely acclaimed by both scientists and practitioners, brings the field completely up-to-date and focuses in particular on aspects of vulnerability, confabulation and false confessions. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e  The is an unrivalled integration of scientific knowledge of the psychological processes and research relating to interrogation, with the practical investigative and legal issues that bear upon obtaining, and using in court, evidence from interrogations of suspects. \u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e  \u003cbr\u003e * Accessible style which will appeal to academics, students and practitioners \u003cbr\u003e * Authoritative integration of theory, research, practical implications and vivid case illustration \u003cbr\u003e * Coverage of topical issues like confabulation, false memory, and false confessions \u003cbr\u003e  Part of the Wiley Series in The Psychology of Crime, Policing and Law \u003cp\u003eAbout the Author xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeries Preface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Interrogations and Confessions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Interrogation Tactics and Techniques 7\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolice Training Manuals 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Reid Technique 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Format and Recording of the Confession 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Context of the Interrogation 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmerican Research on Interrogation 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Things Can Go Wrong During Interrogation 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Interrogation in Britain 38\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIrving’s Studies 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoftley’s Study 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWalsh’s Study 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch at the University of Kent 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaldwin’s Study 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBritish Training Manuals 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Persons at Risk during Interviews in Police Custody: the Royal Commission Studies 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 1993 Royal Commission Study by Gudjonsson and Colleagues 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWho Confesses? 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetainees’ Legal Rights 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Conclusions 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 The Identification and Measurement of ‘Oppressive’ Police Interviewing Tactics in Britain 75\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJohn Pearse and Gisli H. Gudjonsson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground to the Research 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cases Analysed 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethodology 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterview Tactics 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuspects’ Responses 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethodological Issues 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical Procedures 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication of the Framework to Individual Cases 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Heron Murder Case 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Miller Murder Case 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCourt Outcome 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Why do Suspects Confess? Theories 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors Inhibiting Confession 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheoretical Models of Confession 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Why do Suspects Confess? Empirical Findings 130\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Important are Confessions? 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Commonly do Suspects Confess? 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors Associated with Admissions and Denials 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Report Studies into Why Suspects Confess 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Miscarriages of Justice and False Confessions 158\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiscarriages of Justice 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies of Miscarriages of Justice 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Leo–Ofshe Study 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Notorious British Cases 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 The Psychology of False Confession: Research and Theoretical Issues 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinitions of False Confession 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Frequency of False Confessions 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFalse, Retracted and Disputed Confessions 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Innocent Pleading Guilty 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Broader Context of False Confessions 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Causes of False Confessions 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheoretical Implications of the Different Types of False Confession 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ofshe–Leo Model of Confessions 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferences between True and False Confessions 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Proposed Modified Framework 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecovered Memory and False Confession 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 The Psychology of False Confession: Case Examples 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVoluntary False Confessions 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePressured–Compliant False Confessions 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePressured–Internalized False Confessions 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Legal and Psychological Aspects\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 The English Law on Confessions 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Admissibility and Reliability of Confession Evidence 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Voire Dire 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIssues Affecting Vulnerable Defendants 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Admissibility of Expert Evidence 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 The American Law on Confessions 283\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGisli H. Gudjonsson and Lorca Morello\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Basic Law of Confessions 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVoluntariness and Mentally Vulnerable Suspects 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenging a Confession in Court 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferences between English and American Law and Practice 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 The Psychological Assessment 308\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Assessment Framework 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological Vulnerabilities 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Disability as a Vulnerability 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Court Report and Oral Evidence 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Suggestibility: Historical and Theoretical Aspects 332\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheoretical Approaches 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Characteristics of Suggestion and Suggestibility 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrief Historical Background to Suggestibility 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Classification of Suggestibility 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheories of Suggestibility 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReinforcement and Suggestibility 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility: a State or a Trait? 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition of Interrogative Suggestibility 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Gudjonsson–Clark Theoretical Model 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplications of the Model and Hypotheses 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal Evaluation of the Model 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Interrogative Suggestibility: Empirical Findings 360\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Hypnotic Susceptibility 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompliance 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcquiescence 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelations between Suggestibility, Compliance and Acquiescence 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Gender 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Ethnic Background 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Age 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Intelligence 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Memory 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Anxiety 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Impulsivity 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and the MMPI-2 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Sleep Deprivation 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility: Dissociation and Fantasy Proneness 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Instructional Manipulation 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and the Experimenter Effect 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Social Desirability 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Coping Strategies 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Assertiveness 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Self-Esteem 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Locus of Control 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Field Dependence 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuspiciousness and Anger 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Test Setting 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Previous Convictions 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolice Interviewing and Suggestibility 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResisters and Alleged False Confessors 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and False Confessions 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Eyewitness Testimony 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuggestibility and Recovered Memory 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 The Effects of Drugs and Alcohol upon the Reliability of Testimony 415\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Extent of the Problem 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheoretical Perspectives 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Effects of Intoxication and Withdrawal 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Effects of Alcohol Withdrawal on Interrogative Suggestibility 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFalse Confessions to Murder by a Heroin Addict 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III British Court of Appeal Cases\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 The Court of Appeal 437\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Beginning of Expert Psychological Testimony 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 The ‘Guildford Four’ and the ‘Birmingham Six’ 445\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Gisli H. Gudjonsson and J. A. C. MacKeith\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Guildford Four 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Birmingham Six 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Psychological Vulnerability 458\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eEngin Raghip\u003c\/i\u003e—The Beginning: Landmark Decision for Psychology 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eJacqueline Fletcher\u003c\/i\u003e—Unidentified Borderline Intelligence 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eJudith Ward\u003c\/i\u003e—Personality Disorder 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDavid MacKenzie\u003c\/i\u003e—Inability to Distinguish Facts from Fantasy 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eIdris Ali\u003c\/i\u003e—Pathological Lying 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eGeorge Long\u003c\/i\u003e—Clinical Depression 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePatrick Kane\u003c\/i\u003e—Anxiety and Compliance 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAndrew Evans\u003c\/i\u003e—Misdiagnosed Psychogenic Amnesia 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c\/i\u003e—Abnormal Compliance 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAshley King\u003c\/i\u003e—Abnormal Suggestibility and Compliance 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDarren Hall\u003c\/i\u003e—Disorder in the Absence of a Psychiatric Diagnosis 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eIan Hay Gordon\u003c\/i\u003e—Exploitation of Sexuality 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePeter Fell\u003c\/i\u003e—Poor Self-Esteem 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Police Impropriety 514\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eStephen Miller\u003c\/i\u003e 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlfred Allen\u003c\/i\u003e (the ‘UDR Four’) 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Carl Bridgewater Case 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDerek Bentley\u003c\/i\u003e 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Misleading Special Knowledge 523\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eStefan Kiszko\u003c\/i\u003e 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Darvell Brothers\u003c\/i\u003e 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDonald Pendleton\u003c\/i\u003e 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Foreign Cases of Disputed Confessions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Four High Profile American Cases 541\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eWaneta Hoyt\u003c\/i\u003e 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoe Giarratano\u003c\/i\u003e 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHenry Lee Lucas\u003c\/i\u003e 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eJohn Wille\u003c\/i\u003e 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Conclusions 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Canadian and Israeli Cases 573\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Canadian Case of Non-Custodial Interrogation 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Israeli Terrorist Case 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Conclusions 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Murder in Norway: a False Belief Leading to a False Confession 590\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground to the Case 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre-Trial (1997) Psychological Evaluation 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe First Trial 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Psychological Evaluation Prior to the Appeal 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterviews with Informants 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMr A’s Strengths and Vulnerabilities 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Interrogation and Confinement 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepression and Psychogenic Amnesia 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Appeal 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral Comments and Conclusions 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterrogation 619\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological Vulnerability 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrue Confessions 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetracted and False Confessions 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor Index 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject Index 672 \u003c\/p\u003e  \"…a comprehensive and authorative handbook that demonstrates the crucial relationship between research and practice…\" (Internet Book Reviews, 17 January 2003)  \u003cp\u003e“…I am impressed with this handbook…an important addition to the bookshelves…” (Applied Cognitive Psychology, No.18 2004) \u003c\/p\u003e Gisli Gudjonsson is Professor of Forensic Psychology at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London and Head of Forensic Psychology Services, Maudsley Hospital, London  False confessions do occur and no legal system can afford to deny that serious mistakes have been, and will continue to be, made without radical change.  \u003cp\u003eThe impact of psychological research and expert testimony on legal changes, police practice and legal judgements in England and Northern Ireland is unparalleled in the rest of the world and valuable lessons have been learned as a result. A number of high profile murder and terrorist convictions based largely on confession evidence have been quashed on appeal. In \u003ci\u003eThe Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions,\u003c\/i\u003e Gisli Gudjonsson traces the scientific advances and relevant cases, many of which he was directly involved with, and demonstrates their legal and psychological significance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions\u003c\/i\u003e is a comprehensive and authoritative handbook that demonstrates the crucial relationship between research and practice. In Part I, interrogation tactics used by the police in the USA and Britain are reviewed and the reasons why suspects confess to crimes are examined. In Part II, differences between English and American legal systems are highlighted and the concepts of suggestibility, compliance and acquiescence are discussed in detail, along with the effects of drugs and alcohol. Twenty-two leading disputed confession cases are presented and evaluated in Part III, showing how high court judges have become more sophisticated in the way they admit and rely on expert psychological and psychiatric testimony. Part IV provides a detailed discussion of seven high profile cases from outside Britain. They demonstrate how different legal systems approach, view and evaluate disputed confession evidence and expert testimony, providing material of international significance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith its fascinating, detailed vignettes, \u003ci\u003eThe Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions\u003c\/i\u003e is essential reading for clinical and forensic psychologists and others in the legal, psychological and psychiatric professions. Police officers will find many parts of the book directly applicable to their work, as will social workers and probation officers.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990323871973,"sku":"NP9780470844618","price":80.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470844618.jpg?v=1761787357","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/the-psychology-of-interrogations-and-confessions-isbn-9780470844618","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}