{"product_id":"the-laws-isbn-9780140449846","title":"The Laws","description":"In \u003ci\u003eThe Laws\u003c\/i\u003e, Plato describes in fascinating detail a comprehensive system of legislation in a small agricultural utopia he named Magnesia. His laws not only govern crime and punishment, but also form a code of conduct for all aspects of life in his ideal state—from education, sport and religion to sexual behaviour, marriage and drinking parties. Plato sets out a plan for the day-to-day rule of Magnesia, administered by citizens and elected officials, with supreme power held by a Council. Although Plato's views that citizens should act in complete obedience to the law have been read as totalitarian, \u003ci\u003eThe Laws\u003c\/i\u003e nonetheless constitutes a highly impressive programme for the reform of society and provides a crucial insight into the mind of one of Classical Greece's foremost thinkers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.The LawsPreface\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgments\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUtopianism\u003cbr\u003ePlato's Life and Work\u003cbr\u003ePlato's Political Thought\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ci\u003eRepublic\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ci\u003eStatesman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ci\u003eLaws\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Relationship Between the \u003ci\u003eRepublic\u003c\/i\u003e and the \u003ci\u003eLaws\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMagnesia: the New Utopia\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ea. Size and Situation\u003cbr\u003eb. Population and Occupations\u003cbr\u003ec. Education\u003cbr\u003ed. Religion\u003cbr\u003ee. Law\u003cbr\u003ef. Government and Administration\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePlato and Totalitarianism\u003cbr\u003eThe Modern Reaction to Plato\u003cbr\u003eComposition and Structure of the \u003ci\u003eLaws\u003c\/i\u003e: Summary\u003cbr\u003eFurther ReadingNote on the Translation\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Laws\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. The Inadequacy of Spartan and Cretan Legislation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroductory Conversation\u003cbr\u003eThe Aim of Spartan and Cretan Laws\u003cbr\u003eCourage and Pleasure\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Drinking Parties as an Educational Device\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTeetotallers Misguided\u003cbr\u003eCan Drinking Parties be Educational?\u003cbr\u003eInterlude: The Athenian Pressed for an Answer\u003cbr\u003eThe Nature and Purpose of Education\u003cbr\u003eThe Educational Effect of Drinking Parties\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. The Arts in the Service of Education\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Nature and Purpose of Education\u003cbr\u003ehow the Arts should reinforce Education\u003cbr\u003eIs Pleasure the Proper Criterion in the Arts?\u003cbr\u003eArtistic Censorship in Egypt\u003cbr\u003eJustice and Happiness for Together\u003cbr\u003eChildren are Easily Persuaded\u003cbr\u003eThe Three Choruses\u003cbr\u003eQualifications of the Third Chorus, and an Attack on Contemporary Trends in the Arts\u003cbr\u003eThe Educational Effects of Drinking Parties\u003cbr\u003eSumming-up on the Uses of Drink\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. The Lessons of History: Legislation and the Balance of Powers\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLife after the Flood\u003cbr\u003eAutocracy\u003cbr\u003eThe Primitive City and the Origin of Legislation\u003cbr\u003eTroy\u003cbr\u003eThe Dorian League\u003cbr\u003eWhy did the League Fail?\u003cbr\u003eSeven Titles to Authority\u003cbr\u003eThe Reasons for Sparta's Success\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. The Lessons of History (2): Monarchy and Democracy\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwo Mother-Constitutions\u003cbr\u003eThe Persian Monarchy\u003cbr\u003eAthens and the Persian Wars\u003cbr\u003eThe Corruption of the Athenian Democracy\u003cbr\u003eRecapitulation\u003cbr\u003eThe Proposed New Cretan Colony\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Magnesia and Its People\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNatural Resources\u003cbr\u003eThe Colonists\u003cbr\u003eThe Need for a Benevolent Dictator\u003cbr\u003eWhat Constitution is to be Imposed?\u003cbr\u003eThe Age of Cronus\u003cbr\u003eLaw should be Supreme\u003cbr\u003eAddress to the New Colonists\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. The Correct way to Legislate: Laws and Preambles\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIntroduction\u003cbr\u003ePhysical Fitness\u003cbr\u003eWealth\u003cbr\u003eThe Correct Treatment of Children\u003cbr\u003eDuties to Relatives, Friends and State\u003cbr\u003eDuties to Foreigners\u003cbr\u003ePersonal Morality\u003cbr\u003eHow to Handle Criminals\u003cbr\u003eSelfishness\u003cbr\u003eExtremes of Emotion to be Avoided\u003cbr\u003eVirtue and Happiness\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. The Foundation of the New State\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreliminary Analysis of the State\u003cbr\u003eThe Selection of the Citizens\u003cbr\u003eDistributing the Land (1)\u003cbr\u003eThe Size of the Population (1)\u003cbr\u003eReligious and Social Occasions\u003cbr\u003eStates Ideal and Real: Community of Property\u003cbr\u003eDistributing the Land (2)\u003cbr\u003eThe Size of the Population (2)\u003cbr\u003eHoldings are Inalienable\u003cbr\u003eThe Possession of Money\u003cbr\u003eThe Four Property-Classes\u003cbr\u003eAdministrative Units of the State\u003cbr\u003eTheory to be Modified by Facts\u003cbr\u003eThe Pre-eminence of Mathematics\u003cbr\u003eInfluences of Climate\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Civil and Legal Administration\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eProblems of Appointing the First Officials\u003cbr\u003eThe Election of the Guardians of the Laws\u003cbr\u003eDuties and Tenure of the Guardians; Registration of Property\u003cbr\u003eMilitary Officials\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGenerals\u003cbr\u003eCompany-Commanders\u003cbr\u003eThe Elections\u003cbr\u003eCavalry-Commanders\u003cbr\u003eDisrupted Votes\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Election of the Council\u003cbr\u003eThe Notion of Equality\u003cbr\u003eThe Executive Committee of the Council\u003cbr\u003eOther Officials; Priests\u003cbr\u003eThe Election of the Expounders\u003cbr\u003eTresurers\u003cbr\u003eThe Protection of the Territory\u003cbr\u003eThe Rural Courts\u003cbr\u003eHow the Country-Wardens are to Live\u003cbr\u003eThe City-Wardens\u003cbr\u003eThe Market-Wardens\u003cbr\u003eEducation Officals\u003cbr\u003eThe Minister of Education\u003cbr\u003eDeath in Office\u003cbr\u003eThree Grades of Court\u003cbr\u003eElection of the Supreme Court\u003cbr\u003eCorrupt Verdicts\u003cbr\u003eThe Court of the People\u003cbr\u003eThe Tribal Courts\u003cbr\u003eOur Scheme is only a Sketch\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11. Marriage and Related Topics\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Younger Legislators\u003cbr\u003eThe Organization of Religious Festivals\u003cbr\u003eMarriage: Choosing a Partner (1)\u003cbr\u003eChanging the Laws\u003cbr\u003eThe Law of Marriage\u003cbr\u003ePreamble to the Law of Marriage: Choosing a Partner (2)\u003cbr\u003eFailure to Marry\u003cbr\u003eDowries\u003cbr\u003eThe Wedding-Feast\u003cbr\u003eCorrect Procreation (1)\u003cbr\u003eThe Life of the Newly-Weds\u003cbr\u003eThe Problem of Slavery\u003cbr\u003eThe Buildings of the State\u003cbr\u003eWomen must join the Communal Meals\u003cbr\u003eThree Instictive Drives: Food, Drink, Sex\u003cbr\u003eCorrect Procreation\u003cbr\u003eAdultery\u003cbr\u003eRegistration of Births and Deaths\u003cbr\u003eAge Limits\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12. Education\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWritten and Unwritten Rules\u003cbr\u003eEducation in the Womb\u003cbr\u003eThe Importance of Movement: the Evidence of Corybantic Ritual\u003cbr\u003ehow far should a Child be Humoured?\u003cbr\u003eUnwritten Rules: a Reminder\u003cbr\u003eEarly Education\u003cbr\u003eAmbidexterity\u003cbr\u003ePhysical Training (1)\u003cbr\u003eThe Dangers of Innovation in Education\u003cbr\u003eCome Model Rules\u003cbr\u003eThe Regulation of Music\u003cbr\u003eThe Right Use of Leisure\u003cbr\u003eAttendance at School\u003cbr\u003eThe Education of Females\u003cbr\u003eHow to Live a life of Leisure\u003cbr\u003eFurther Duties of the Minister of Education\u003cbr\u003eThe Legislator's Instuctions to the Minister of Education: the Curriculum\u003cbr\u003eLiterature\u003cbr\u003eA Set Text: \u003ci\u003eSelections from the Laws of Plato\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMusic\u003cbr\u003eComedy and Tragedy\u003cbr\u003eMathematics\u003cbr\u003eAstronomy\u003cbr\u003eHunting: Written and Unwritten Rules again\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13. Sport and Military Training\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eArrangements for Festivals\u003cbr\u003eMilitary Training\u003cbr\u003eObstacles to Correct Military Training\u003cbr\u003eRaces\u003cbr\u003eContests in Arms\u003cbr\u003eHorse-Racing\u003cbr\u003eConclusion\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14. Problems of Sexual Conduct\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Problems Stated\u003cbr\u003eThree Kinds of Friendship\u003cbr\u003eHow to Discourage Unnatural Sexual Intercourse\u003cbr\u003eThe Importance of Self-Control\u003cbr\u003eTwo Alternative Laws\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15. Agriculture, Economics and Trade\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Food Supply\u003cbr\u003eAgricultural Laws\u003cbr\u003eDuties to Neighbors\u003cbr\u003eThe Water Supply (1)\u003cbr\u003eThe harvest\u003cbr\u003eThe Water Supply (2)\u003cbr\u003eBringing in Crops\u003cbr\u003eArtisans\u003cbr\u003eImports and Exports\u003cbr\u003eThe Food Supply (2)\u003cbr\u003eDwelling Houses\u003cbr\u003eThe Markets\u003cbr\u003eResident Aliens\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16. Capital Offences\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreliminary Discussion\u003cbr\u003eRobbery from Temples\u003cbr\u003eProcedure in Capital Cases\u003cbr\u003eSubversion\u003cbr\u003eTreason\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17. The Theory of Punishment\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTheft: Should all Thefts Attract the Same Punichment?\u003cbr\u003ePhilosophical Legislation Justified\u003cbr\u003eA 'Terminological Inexactitude'\u003cbr\u003eThe Attack on the Distinction between 'Voluntary' and 'Involuntary'\u003cbr\u003eThe New Distinction, and the Purpose of Punichment\u003cbr\u003eA Fuller Account of Injustice\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18. Homicide Law\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePersons Unfit to Plead\u003cbr\u003eInvoluntary Homicide\u003cbr\u003eHomicide in Anger\u003cbr\u003eVoluntary Homicide\u003cbr\u003eSuicide\u003cbr\u003eAnimals and Inanimate Objects as Killers\u003cbr\u003eMurder by Persons Unknown\u003cbr\u003eJustifiable Homicide\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19. Woundings\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreliminaries\u003cbr\u003eThe Courts' Discretion\u003cbr\u003eVoluntary Wounding, and a Digression on Adopting an Heir in Cases of Childlessness\u003cbr\u003eWoundings Inflicted in Anger\u003cbr\u003eInvoluntary Woundings\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20. Assault\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21. Religion\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThree Sources of Impiety\u003cbr\u003eThe Case of the Opposition\u003cbr\u003eAddress to the Young Heretic\u003cbr\u003eNature and Chance versus Design\u003cbr\u003eThe Difficulties of Refuting Atheists\u003cbr\u003eThe Priority of Soul (1)\u003cbr\u003eTen Kinds of Motion\u003cbr\u003eSoul Moves Itself\u003cbr\u003eThe Priority of Soul (2)\u003cbr\u003eSoul moves the Heavenly Bodies\u003cbr\u003eAddress to the Believer in the Indifference of the Gods\u003cbr\u003eProof that the Gods care for Mankind\u003cbr\u003eThe Justice of the Gods, and the Fate of the Soul\u003cbr\u003eTransition to the Law of Impiety\u003cbr\u003eTwo Kinds of Offenders\u003cbr\u003eThe Punishment for Impiety\u003cbr\u003ePrivate Shrines\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22. The Law of Property\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRespect for Property\u003cbr\u003eRemoval of Buried Treasure\u003cbr\u003eRemoval of Property in General\u003cbr\u003eThe Treatment of Slaves and Freedom\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23. Commercial Law\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Law of Sale and Exchange\u003cbr\u003eRetail Trade\u003cbr\u003eContracts\u003cbr\u003eDealings with Craftsmen\u003cbr\u003eMilitary 'Craftsmen'\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24. Family Law\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMaking a Will\u003cbr\u003eTestamentary and Inheritance Law\u003cbr\u003eHow to Mitigate the Harshness of the Law\u003cbr\u003eThe Care of Orphans\u003cbr\u003eDisinheritance\u003cbr\u003eSenility\u003cbr\u003eDivorce and Remarriage\u003cbr\u003eDeath of a Wife or Husband\u003cbr\u003eChildren of Mixed Status\u003cbr\u003eRespect for Parents\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25. Miscellaneous Legislation\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNon-fatal Injuries by Drugs and Charms\u003cbr\u003eThe Purpose of Punishment\u003cbr\u003eLunacy\u003cbr\u003eAbuse\u003cbr\u003eThe Censorship of Comedies\u003cbr\u003eBeggars\u003cbr\u003eDamage by Slaves\u003cbr\u003eFurther Rules of Legal Procedure\u003cbr\u003eUnscrupulous Advocacy\u003cbr\u003eOffences Committed by Members of Diplomatic Missions\u003cbr\u003eTheft of Public Property\u003cbr\u003eMilitary Service\u003cbr\u003eAbandonment of Weapons\u003cbr\u003eThe Need for Scrutineers\u003cbr\u003eThe Funeral of a Scrutineer\u003cbr\u003eProsecutions of Scrutineers\u003cbr\u003eOaths\u003cbr\u003eRefusal to Contribute to Public Expenses\u003cbr\u003eRelations with the Outside World\u003cbr\u003eForeign Travel\u003cbr\u003eThe Observers\u003cbr\u003eForiegn Visitors\u003cbr\u003eSureties\u003cbr\u003eSearching a House\u003cbr\u003eTime Limits for Disputing Title\u003cbr\u003ePrevention of Attendance at Court\u003cbr\u003ePrevention of Participation in Contests\u003cbr\u003eReceiving Stolen Goods\u003cbr\u003eHarbouring an Exile\u003cbr\u003eWaging Private War\u003cbr\u003eBribes\u003cbr\u003eTaxation\u003cbr\u003eOfferings to the Gods\u003cbr\u003eThe Three Grades of Court\u003cbr\u003eThe Minor Points of Legal Procedure, and the Importance of Legal Studies\u003cbr\u003eThe Execution of Judgement\u003cbr\u003eFuneral Regulations\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26. The Nocturnal Council\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHow can the State be Preserved Intact?\u003cbr\u003eMembership and Functions of the Council\u003cbr\u003eThe Unity and Plurality of Virtue\u003cbr\u003eThe Council's Duty to Teach\u003cbr\u003eThe Higher Education of the Council\u003cbr\u003eThe Importance of Theology\u003cbr\u003eRecruitment of the Council, and its Course of Studies\u003cbr\u003eClosing Remarks\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepartures from the Budé Text\u003cbr\u003eMap of Central Crete\u003cbr\u003eList of Crimes\u003cbr\u003eAppendix: Plato's Letters\u003cbr\u003eNotes\u003cbr\u003eIndex of Names\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlato\u003c\/b\u003e (c.427-347 BC) stands with Socrates and Aristotle as one of the shapers of the whole intellectual tradition of the West. He founded the Academy in Athens, the first permanent institution devoted to philosophical research and teaching, and theprototype of all Western universities. He sought cures for the ills of society in philosophy, and became convinced that those ills would not cease until philosophers became rulers, or rulers philosophers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e Trevor J. Saunders\u003c\/b\u003e has translated many volumes of Plato for the Penguin Classics.","brand":"Penguin Classics","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46300544139493,"sku":"NP9780140449846","price":18.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780140449846.jpg?v=1767740177","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/the-laws-isbn-9780140449846","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}