{"product_id":"the-evolutionary-strategies-that-shape-ecosystems-isbn-9780470674826","title":"The Evolutionary Strategies that Shape Ecosystems","description":"\u003cb\u003eTHE EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGIES THAT SHAPE ECOSYSTEMS\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003eIn 1837 a young Charles Darwin took his notebook, wrote “I think”, and then sketched a rudimentary, stick-like tree. Each branch of Darwin’s tree of life told a story of survival and adaptation – adaptation of animals and plants not just to the environment but also to life with other living things. However, more than 150 years since Darwin published his singular idea of natural selection, the science of ecology has yet to account for how contrasting evolutionary outcomes affect the ability of organisms to coexist in communities and to regulate ecosystem functioning. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this book Philip Grime and Simon Pierce explain how evidence from across the world is revealing that, beneath the wealth of apparently limitless and bewildering variation in detailed structure and functioning, the essential biology of all organisms is subject to the same set of basic interacting constraints on life-history and physiology. The inescapable resulting predicament during the evolution of every species is that, according to habitat, each must adopt a predictable compromise with regard to how they use the resources at their disposal in order to survive. The compromise involves the investment of resources in either the effort to acquire more resources, the tolerance of factors that reduce metabolic performance, or reproduction. This three-way trade-off is the irreducible core of the universal adaptive strategy theory which Grime and Pierce use to investigate how two environmental filters selecting, respectively, for convergence and divergence in organism function determine the identity of organisms in communities, and ultimately how different evolutionary strategies affect the functioning of ecosystems. This book refl ects an historic phase in which evolutionary processes are finally moving centre stage in the effort to unify ecological theory, and animal, plant and microbial ecology have begun to find a common theoretical framework. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCompanion website\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book has a companion website \u003cb\u003ewww.wiley.com\/go\/grime\/evolutionarystrategies\u003c\/b\u003e with Figures and Tables from the book for downloading.  Preface x  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter Summaries xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Evolution and Ecology: a Janus Perspective? 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolutionary biology 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcology 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe emergence of a science of adaptive strategies 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Primary Strategies: the Ideas 8\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMacArthur's 'blurred vision' 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mechanism of convergence; trade-offs 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe theory of \u003ci\u003er\u003c\/i\u003e- and \u003ci\u003eK\u003c\/i\u003e-selection 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCSR Theory 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Primary Adaptive Strategies in Plants 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe search for adaptive strategies 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheoretical work 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasuring variation in plant traits: screening programmes 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreening of plant growth rates 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Integrated Screening Programme 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther trait screening 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe application of CSR theory 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirtual plant strategies 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Primary Adaptive Strategies in Organisms Other Than Plants 40\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe architecture of the tree of life 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003er\u003c\/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eK\u003c\/i\u003e and beyond \u003ci\u003eK\u003c\/i\u003e 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpirical evidence for three primary strategies in animals 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe universal three-way trade-off 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMammalia (mammals) 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAves (avian therapods) 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSquamata (snakes and lizards) (with notes on other extant reptile clades) 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmphibia (amphibians) 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOsteichthyes (bony fi shes) 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChondrichthyes (cartilaginous fi shes) 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecta (insects) 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAracnida (spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks) 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrustacea (crustaceans) 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEchinodermata (sea urchins, starfi sh, crinoids, sea cucumbers) 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMollusca (snails, clams, squids) 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnnelida (segmented worms) 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCnidaria (corals, sea anemones, jellyfi sh, hydras, sea pens) 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEumycota (fungi) (including notes on lichens) 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArchaea 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProteobacteria 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirmicutes 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCyanobacteria 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViruses 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtinct groups 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversal adaptive strategy theory – the evolution of CSR and beyond \u003ci\u003eK\u003c\/i\u003e theories 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst steps towards a universal methodology 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 From Adaptive Strategies to Communities 105\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant communities 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProductive disturbed communities 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProductive undisturbed communities 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnproductive relatively undisturbed communities 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant community composition 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe humped-back model 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrigins 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormulation 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndependent confi rmation and compatibility with new research 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies-pools, fi lters and community composition 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvidence for the action of twin fi lters 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional mechanisms promoting diversity 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic diversity, intraspecifi c functional diversity and species diversity 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrobial communities 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe effects of plant strategies on soil microbial communities 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacilitation in bacterial communities 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoexistence in marine surface waters 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNovel techniques for investigating microbial adaptive strategies 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimal communities 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary producers delimit animal diversity\/productivity relationships 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwin fi lters and animal community assembly 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdaptive radiation and community assembly 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 From Strategies to Ecosystems 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBack to Bayreuth 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Darwinian basis of ecosystem assembly 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow do primary adaptive strategies drive ecosystem functioning? 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe plant traits that drive ecosystems 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe propagation of trait infl uences through food chains 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplicating factors 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcosystem processes 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDominance and mass ratio effects 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluxes and feedbacks between communities 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTop-down control by herbivores 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTop-down control by carnivores 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe key role of eco-evolutionary dynamics 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 The Path from Evolution to Ecology 194\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat has been learned? 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat are the implications for conservation and management? 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch priorities for the next decade 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganism Index 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubject Index 241\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e“In summary, The Evolutionary Strategies that Shape Ecosystemsis well-written and stimulating, and encourages its readers to think about how all the pieces of ecology might fit together, from the scale of an individual organism to entire ecosystems. It would make a valuable addition to the library of any scientist interested in ecological and evolutionary strategies.”  (\u003ci\u003eAustral Ecology\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 October 2013)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Certainly I have found this a useful way to think about conservation Management.”  (\u003ci\u003eBritish Ecological Society\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 April 2013)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“The case studies range from microbes to animals, and even palaeontology is included in the mix, making the book a very comprehensive resource for those interested in eco-evolutionary dynamics.”  (\u003ci\u003eTeaching Biology\u003c\/i\u003e, 20 December 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“I recommend this book to people interested in evolutionary and ecological strategies in ecosystems, to those who think about universal patterns in organism life history tactics and also to those who love the challenge of linking ecology and evolution.”  (\u003ci\u003eBasic and Applied Ecology\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 November 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“A significant contribution to the field and a must read for ecologists.  Summing Up:  Highly recommended.  Upper-division undergraduates and above.”  (\u003ci\u003eChoice\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 October 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePhilip Grime \u003c\/b\u003eis a Professor Emeritus at the University of Sheffield where he currently maintains long-term experiments at the Buxton Climate Change Impacts Laboratory in North Derbyshire. As a pioneer of experimental approaches to communities and ecosystems Professor Grime is an elected member of the Dutch and British Royal Societies and was the inaugural recipient in 2011 of the Alexander von Humboldt Medal awarded by the International Association for Vegetation Science.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSimon Pierce \u003c\/b\u003eis a researcher and lecturer at the University of Milan, Italy, and at the time of writing taught plant physiological ecology at the University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. His research encompasses plant community ecology and ecophysiology, and the reproductive biology, cultivation and conservation of terrestrial orchids. During his career he has lived and worked in the Republic of Panama, as an Andrew W. Mellon research fellow at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, for the University of Cambridge, UK. He holds a doctorate from the University of Durham, UK, and a degree from the University of Wales, Bangor.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1837 a young Charles Darwin took his notebook, wrote “I think”, and then sketched a rudimentary, stick-like tree. Each branch of Darwin’s tree of life told a story of survival and adaptation – adaptation of animals and plants not just to the environment but also to life with other living things. However, more than 150 years since Darwin published his singular idea of natural selection, the science of ecology has yet to account for how contrasting evolutionary outcomes affect the ability of organisms to coexist in communities and to regulate ecosystem functioning.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this book Philip Grime and Simon Pierce explain how evidence from across the world is revealing that, beneath the wealth of apparently limitless and bewildering variation in detailed structure and functioning, the essential biology of all organisms is subject to the same set of basic interacting constraints on life-history and physiology. The inescapable resulting predicament during the evolution of every species is that, according to habitat, each must adopt a predictable compromise with regard to how they use the resources at their disposal in order to survive. The compromise involves the investment of resources in either the effort to acquire more resources, the tolerance of factors that reduce metabolic performance, or reproduction. This three-way trade-off is the irreducible core of the universal adaptive strategy theory which Grime and Pierce use to investigate how two environmental filters selecting, respectively, for convergence and divergence in organism function determine the identity of organisms in communities, and ultimately how different evolutionary strategies affect the functioning of ecosystems. This book refl ects an historic phase in which evolutionary processes are finally moving centre stage in the effort to unify ecological theory, and animal, plant and microbial ecology have begun to find a common theoretical framework. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCompanion website\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book has a companion website \u003cb\u003ewww.wiley.com\/go\/grime\/evolutionarystrategies\u003c\/b\u003e with Figures and Tables from the book for downloading.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990224486629,"sku":"NP9780470674826","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470674826.jpg?v=1761786975","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/the-evolutionary-strategies-that-shape-ecosystems-isbn-9780470674826","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}