{"product_id":"the-dose-makes-the-poison-isbn-9780470381120","title":"The Dose Makes the Poison","description":"This new edition of a widely-read and highly-acclaimed book broadens the scope of its predecessors from a heavy focus on industrial chemicals as toxicants to include drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other types of compounds that people are exposed to daily. Also new to the 3\u003csup\u003erd\u003c\/sup\u003e edition are newer issues-of-the-day \u003ca id=\"OLE_LINK2\" name=\"OLE_LINK2\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca id=\"OLE_LINK1\" name=\"OLE_LINK1\"\u003esuch as nanoparticulate toxicants, second hand smoke, food contamination, lead in toys\u003c\/a\u003e, and others. As such, the book provides the basics of toxicology in easy-to-understand language as well as a fuller understanding of the daily insults to which our bodies are subjected. \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to the Third Edition xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 What Are Chemicals? 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtoms and Molecules 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Chemicals 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynthetic Chemicals 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Categories 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemicals: “Good” and “Bad” 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy the “Good-Bad” Dichotomy? 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMan-made Chemicals Are Made by Humans 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMan-made Chemicals May Not Be Biodegradable 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMan-made Chemicals May Be Very Complex 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 What Harm Do Chemicals Cause? 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHarmful Properties of Chemicals 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplosiveness and Reactivity 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlammability and Combustibility 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadioactivity 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrosiveness 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIrritation 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensitization and Photosensitization 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicity 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple Harmful Properties 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition of Poison 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition of Hazard 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 What Is Toxicology? 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpirical Toxicology 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParacelsus and Ramazzini 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Brief History of Toxicology 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToxicology Today 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Do Toxicologists Do? 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 What Factors Influence the Toxic Effects of Chemicals? 47\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute versus Chronic Toxicity 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignificance of Divided Doses 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoutes of Exposure 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDermal Exposure 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInhalation Exposure 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOral Exposure 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Routes of Exposure 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombinations 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfluence of Route on Toxicity 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetabolism 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoutes of Elimination (Excretion) 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Factors that Influence Toxicity 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrition 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eState of Health 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiochemical Individuality (Genetic Diversity) 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresence of Other Chemicals 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdaptation 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLight 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 How Is Toxicology Studied? 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental Methods 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute Toxicity 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIrritant and Corrosive Effects 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSensitization and Photosensitization 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Toxicity 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutagenesis 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcinogenesis 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopmental and Reproductive Toxicity 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnits of Trace Quantities 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalytical Methods 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimal Rights 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 General Toxicology 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute Toxicity 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLD 50 and LC 50 Values 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignificance of LDs for Humans 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoison Prevention 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntidotes 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Toxicity 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo-Effect Levels and Thresholds 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMargins of Safety 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSufficient Challenge 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioaccumulation 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis 129\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutagenesis 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic Code 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutations 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignificance of Mutations 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutation and Cancer 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarcinogenesis 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is Cancer? 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCauses of Cancer 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Mutation 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncidence of Cancer 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategories and Characteristics of Carcinogens 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInduction Periods 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThresholds 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractical Thresholds 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Real World 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenzo[a]pyrene 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCancerophobia 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale and Female Reproductive Systems 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrepuberty Systems 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdult Systems 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Developing Individual 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Case Studies in Toxicology 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Contaminations 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDioxins: Seveso, Italy 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePCBs and Dibenzofurans: Yusho Disease 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBophal, India 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinamata Disease 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDdt 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsumer Products 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetals 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLead and Cadmium 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZinc 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlastics 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBisphenyl A 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndoor Air Pollution 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Pollution 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmaceuticals 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFen-Phen 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVioxx 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThalidomide 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Epidemiology 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrigins of Modern Epidemiology 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidemiology of Noninfectious Diseases 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKoch’s Postulates 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudy Design: Precepts and Pitfalls 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnreasonable Expectations 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProximate Event Approach in Assigning Cause 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistrust of Science and Scientists 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 the Study of Risk 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic Health Statistics 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInherent Risk 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk Assessment 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerceived Risk 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcceptable Risk 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk Benefit and Cost Benefit 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk Communication 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk Management 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 247\u003c\/p\u003e  \"This is a refreshing, invigorating as well as eye-opening text, which is reading like an exciting novel - even to a seasoned toxicologist ... An appendix to clarify quantities of pollutants plus an index concludes this most valuable introduction into the science of toxicology for a broad readership.\" (Toxicology, 2011)\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \"I recommend this book to anyone who has ever listened to the evening news and wondered how much of the \"chemical scare du jour\" is hype and how much of it is fact - and to those who might want to understand basic concepts in toxicology and the related areas of study without having to trudge through a gaggle of 1000-page textbooks.\" (International Journal of Toxicology, 2011)  \u003cp\u003e\"Overall, this is a well-written work with wisely chosen and relevant topics. It will be a perfect addition to any science enthusiast's library. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-level undergraduates through professionals\/practitioners; general readers.\" (Choice, 1 September 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"The Dose Makes the Poison is more than just an introduction to toxicology. It is an enjoyable read with lots of interesting stories and one I can thoroughly recommend.\" (Chemistry \u0026amp; Industry, 25 July 2011)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"There is much to be applauded in this book from its straightforward layout and honesty to its accessibility . . . Many good, and contemporary, examples are provided to deliver greater context for the reader.\" (The British Toxicology Society Journal, 1 May 2011) \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cb\u003ePatricia Frank\u003c\/b\u003e is President of Patricia Frank \u0026amp; Associates, Inc., a consulting firm founded in 1993 that assists companies in the development and registration of human and veterinary pharmaceutical agents. She is a past president of both the American College of Toxicology and the Roundtable of Toxicology Consultants.  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eM. Alice Ottoboni\u003c\/b\u003e lectures, writes, and consults in the field of toxicology. As Staff Toxicologist with the California State Department of Public Health for over twenty years, she originated, designed, and performed numerous toxicological studies of environmental factors of importance to public health. She is the author of the previous editions of \u003ci\u003eThe Dose Makes the Poison\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn introductory guide to the history, concepts, and practice of toxicology\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the advent of serious industrialization in non-Western economies such as China and India, the integrity of our food supply is once again in question and the safety of various consumer products and medicines at risk. Every day, people are exposed to a wide array of chemicals and other potential toxicants—from industrial emissions, the natural environment, drugs, and consumer products. Using broadly accessible language and clear examples, the Third Edition of The Dose Makes the Poison updates its highly acclaimed predecessors and explains the basics and practice of toxicology in easy-to-understand language.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis new edition broadens its scope from a heavy focus on industrial chemicals as toxicants to include drugs, food additives, cosmetics, and other types of compounds that people are exposed to daily. Also new to the Third Edition are recent issues-of-the-day such as bisphenol A, secondhand smoke, food contamination, lead in toys, melamine toxicity to children and pets, and drug recalls. Basic principles of how doses and routes of administration alter toxicity, testing paradigms for drugs and chemicals, and newer technology such as nanoparticles are all addressed and explained. In addition, the book:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents case studies of historical and current interest to illustrate various aspects of toxicology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDeals with all types of chemicals that we confront every day, including drugs, food additives, vitamins, and others\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes an introduction to how chemicals cause harm, the factors that influence toxicity, and the ways that chemicals and drugs are tested to determine their safety\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990209183973,"sku":"NP9780470381120","price":34.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470381120.jpg?v=1761786919","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/the-dose-makes-the-poison-isbn-9780470381120","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}