{"product_id":"the-chemistry-of-molecular-imaging-isbn-9781118093276","title":"The Chemistry of Molecular Imaging","description":"Molecular imaging is primarily about the chemistry of novel biological probes, yet the vast majority of practitioners are not chemists or biochemists. This is the first book, written from a chemist's point of view, to address the nature of the chemical interaction between probe and environment to help elucidate biochemical detail instead of bulk anatomy.  \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers all of the fundamentals of modern imaging methodologies, including their techniques and application within medicine and industry\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFocuses primarily on the chemistry of probes and imaging agents, and chemical methodology for labelling and bioconjugation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFirst book to investigate the chemistry of molecular imaging\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAimed at students as well as researchers involved in the area of molecular imaging\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePreface ix\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eList of Contributors xi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 An Introduction to Molecular Imaging 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eGa-Lai Law and Wing-Tak Wong\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 What is Positron Emission Tomography (PET)? 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 What is Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)? 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 What is Computed Tomography (CT) or Computed Axial Tomography (CAT)? 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 What is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)? 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 What is Optical Imaging? 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 What is Ultrasound (US)? 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Conclusions 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Chemical Methodology for Labelling and Bioconjugation 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLina Cui and Jianghong Rao\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Chemical Methods 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Site-Specific Modification of Proteins or Peptides 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conclusions 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Recent Developments in the Chemistry of [18F]Fluoride for PET 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDirk Roeda and Frédéric Dollé\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Fluorine-18: The Starting Material 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Reactive [18F]Fluoride 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The Radiofluorination 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Labelling of Large Biological Molecules 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Conclusions 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Carbon-11 Nitrogen-13 and Oxygen-15 Chemistry: An Introduction to Chemistry with Short-Lived Radioisotopes 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003ePhilip W. Miller Koichi Kato and Bengt Långström\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Carbon-11 Chemistry 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Nitrogen-13 Chemistry 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Oxygen-15 Chemistry 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Conclusions 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 The Chemistry of Inorganic Nuclides (86Y 68Ga 64Cu 89Zr 124I) 105\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eEric W. Price and Chris Orvig\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction: Inorganic Nuclide-Based Radiopharmaceuticals 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Radiopharmaceutical Design 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Radiopharmaceutical Stability 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 86Yttrium Radiometal Ion Properties 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 68Gallium Radiometal Ion Properties 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 64Copper Radiometal Ion Properties 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 89Zirconium Radiometal Ion Properties 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 124Iodine Nuclide Properties 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Conclusions 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry of Technetium and Rhenium 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJonathan R. Dilworth and Sofia I. Pascu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Technetium and Rhenium Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Technetium and Rhenium(IV) 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Technetium and Rhenium(III) 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Technetium and Rhenium(I) 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Imaging of Hypoxia with 99mTc 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Technetium and Rhenium Diphosphonate Complexes 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 The Future for Technetium and Rhenium Radiopharmaceuticals 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 The Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry of Gallium(III) and Indium(III) for SPECT Imaging 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJonathan R. Dilworth and Sofia I. Pascu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction to Gallium and Indium Chemistry 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Gallium and Indium Complexes and Related Bioconjugates 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Auger Electron Therapy with 111Indium 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Prospects for 67Ga and 111In Radiochemistry 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 The Chemistry of Lanthanide MRI Contrast Agents 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eStephen Faulkner and Octavia A. Blackburn\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Gadolinium Complexes as MRI Contrast Agents 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Minimising the Toxicity of Gadolinium Contrast Agents 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Rationalising the Behaviour of MRI Contrast Agents 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Strategies for Increasing Relaxivity 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Responsive MRI 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Conclusions and Prospects 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Nanoparticulate MRI Contrast Agents 199\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJuan Gallo and Nicholas J. Long\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 T2 Contrast Agents 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 T1 Contrast Agents 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 T1-T2 Dual MRI Contrast Agents 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Water Solubilisation 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Functionalisation and Surface Modification 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Applications 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Conclusions and Outlook 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 CEST and PARACEST Agents for Molecular Imaging 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eOsasere M. Evbuomwan Enzo Terreno Silvio Aime and A. Dean Sherry\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Diamagnetic CEST Agents 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Paramagnetic Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (PARACEST) Agents 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Responsive PARACEST Agents 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 In Vivo Detection of PARACEST Agents 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Supramolecular CEST Agents 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 LipoCEST Agents 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Conclusions 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Organic Molecules for Optical Imaging 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMichael Hon-Wah Lam Ga-Lai Law Chi-Sing Lee and Ka-Leung Wong\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Designing Molecular Probes for Bio-imaging 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Different Types of Organic-based Chromophores and Fluorophores for Bioimaging 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Mechanisms of Photophysical Processes and Their Applications in Molecular Imaging and Chemosensing 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Two\/Multi-photon Induced Emission and In Vitro \/ In Vivo Imaging 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Time-Resolved Imaging 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Bioluminescence in Molecular Imaging 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Photoacoustic Imaging 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Application of d- and f-Block Fluorescent Cell Imaging Agents 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMichael P. Coogan and Simon J. A. Pope\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 d6 Metal Complexes in Fluorescent Cell Imaging 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 f-Block Imaging Agents 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Conclusions 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Lanthanide-Based Upconversion Nanophosphors for Bioimaging 299\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eFuyou Li Wei Feng Jing Zhou and Yun Sun\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Fabrication of Ln-UCNPs Suitable for Bioimaging 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Surface Modification of Ln-UCNPs 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 In Vivo Imaging Applications 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Biodistribution and Toxicity of UCNPs 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Future Directions 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Microbubbles: Contrast Agents for Ultrasound and MRI 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eApril M. Chow and Ed X. Wu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Classification of Microbubbles 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Applications in Ultrasound Imaging 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Applications beyond US Imaging and MRI 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Conclusions: Limitations Bioeffects and Safety 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Non-Nanoparticle-Based Dual-Modality Imaging Agents 335\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eReinier Hernandez Tapas R. Nayak Hao Hong and Weibo Cai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 PET\/Optical Agents 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 SPECT\/Optical Agents 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 MRI\/Optical Agents 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 PET\/MRI Agents 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Conclusions 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Chemical Strategies for the Development of Multimodal Imaging Probes Using Nanoparticles 355\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAmanda L. Eckermann Daniel J. Mastarone and Thomas J. Meade\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Fluorescence-MRI 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Near-Infrared Fluorescence\/MRI 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 NIR-PET 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Upconversion Luminescence 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 PET-SPECT-CT-MRI 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Ultrasound 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Magnetomotive Optical Coherence Tomography (MM-OCT) 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Photoacoustic Imaging 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 Conclusions 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eReferences 385\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndex 389\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“This book fills a void in the area of molecular imaging from the eyes of a chemist, and I am convinced that it will be of great value for chemists who intend to learn more on this emerging topic.”  (\u003ci\u003eAnal Bioanal Chem\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 October 2015)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cb\u003eNicholas Long,\u003c\/b\u003e PhD, is the Sir Edward Frankland BP Professor of Inorganic Chemistry and Head of the Catalysis, Sustainability and Applied Inorganics section in the Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London. He has published more than 150 scientific papers, including several high impact review articles and a critically-acclaimed textbook titled ‘Metallocenes’. He is Co-Director of the Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Imaging at Imperial College and King’s College London.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eWing-Tak Wong,\u003c\/b\u003e PhD, ScD, is Chair Professor of Chemical Technology and Head of the Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He has received three International and US patents for his recent research on lanthanide luminescent materials, and is an author of more than 450 research papers.  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe first book to apply the chemistry perspective to imaging techniques and their applications\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003eThe development of a plethora of bioimaging techniques, such as the MRI, PET, SPECT, ultrasound and optical\/fluorescence imaging, has been vital to improving human life. Although these imaging technologies continue to advance with unique applications and advantages, the ability to see within the human body and understand its biological complexities remains one of the greatest challenges of modern medical science. \u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Chemistry of Molecular Imaging\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e is the first book written from a chemist’s point of view about the chemistry of novel biological probes, addressing the nature of the chemical interaction between probe and environment to help elucidate biochemical detail instead of bulk anatomy.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Written by experts of various fields and aimed at students as well as researchers involved in the area of molecular imaging, this book:\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers all of the fundamentals of modern imaging methodologies, including their techniques and application within medicine and industry\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFocuses primarily on the chemistry of probes and imaging agents, and chemical methodology for labelling and bioconjugation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eInvestigates the chemistry of molecular imaging and helps to educate non-chemists already involved in the area of molecular imaging\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAddresses all applications and techniques, including MRI, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, ultrasound, and fluorescence\/optical imaging\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Consisting of sixteen chapters, with examples and illustrations, the book constructs a comprehensive picture of imaging chemistry, from introducing the various imaging modes, to investigating the nature and properties of multi-modality imaging contrast agents. Thus, readers, including synthetic chemists, undergraduate or graduate students, educators, and medical professionals in the field, will gain a thorough understanding of the art of imaging contrast agent design. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eNicholas Long\u003c\/b\u003e, PhD, is the Sir Edward Frankland BP Professor of Inorganic Chemistry and Head of the Catalysis, Sustainability and Applied Inorganics section in the Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London. He has published more than 150 scientific papers, including several high impact review articles and a critically-acclaimed textbook titled ‘Metallocenes’. He is Co-Director of the Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Imaging at Imperial College and King’s College London.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eWing-Tak Wong\u003c\/b\u003e, PhD, ScD, is Chair Professor of Chemical Technology and Head of the Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. He has received three International and US patents for his recent research on lanthanide luminescent materials, and is an author of more than 450 research papers.","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990185885925,"sku":"NP9781118093276","price":167.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118093276.jpg?v=1761786834","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/the-chemistry-of-molecular-imaging-isbn-9781118093276","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}