{"product_id":"the-all-new-switch-book-isbn-9780470287156","title":"The All-New Switch Book","description":"This much-needed update to the bestselling guide on the extensive changes to the local area networks (LAN) switching technologies explains why LAN switching technologies are critical to network design. This in-depth guide covers the capabilities, application, and design of LAN switches and switched internetworks and examines the significant changes that have taken place since the publication of the first edition seven years ago. You’re sure to appreciate the witty writing style and easy-to-follow format on such an often-complicated subject matter.Einzigartiges Referenzwerk zur LAN Switching Technologie, umfassend überarbeitet und aktualisiert.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Vermittelt ein solides Verständnis der mitunter komplexen Features und Optionen für LAN Switches.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Dokumentiert ausführlich alle Neuerungen zu Netzwerkschichten, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, LAN-Segmentierung, Layer 3- und Layer 4-Switches, Multilayer-Switches, MLT, IST, SMLT, Sicherheit, QoS und Troubleshooting.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Deckt das komplette Themenspektrum ab - angefangen bei Switch-Funktionen und -Features, über Anwendung und Design von LAN Switches und Switched Networks, bis hin zu Technologieintegration und Netzwerkmanagement.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Enthält auch bislang unveröffentlichtes Material zu Link Aggregation, Virtuellen LANs und Layer 3-Switches.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart One Foundations of LAN Switches\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Laying the Foundation 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Architecture 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Layer 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData Link Layer 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Layer 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransport Layer 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSession Layer 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresentation Layer 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication Layer 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLayering Makes a Good Servant but a Bad Master 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInside the Data Link Layer 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModes of Operation 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData Link Sublayering 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogical Link Control 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddressing 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal and Global Uniqueness 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLAN Data Link Addresses 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnicast and Multicast Addresses 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobally Unique and Locally Unique MAC Addresses 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow LAN Addresses Are Assigned 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten Address Conventions 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLAN Technology Review 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet Medium Access Control 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet Physical Layer Options and Nomenclature 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet Frame Formats 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBit-Ordering 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToken Ring 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToken Ring Medium Access Control 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToken Ring Physical Layer Options 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToken Ring Frame Formats 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBit-Ordering on Token Ring LANs 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFiber Distributed Data Interface 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFDDI Operation 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFDDI Physical Signaling 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFDDI Frame Format 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther LAN Technologies 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIEEE LAN Standards 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIEEE 802 Organization 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIEEE 802 Naming Conventions, or ’’Mind Your Ps and Qs’’ 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIeee 802.1 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIeee 802.3 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIeee 802.5 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Standards Organizations 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerminology 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications, Clients, and Service Providers 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncapsulation 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStations and Interconnections 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Transparent Bridges 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciples of Operation 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnicast Operation 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnknown and Multicast Destinations 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenerating the Address Table 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddress Table Aging 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProcess Model of Table Operation 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCustom Filtering and Forwarding 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple Bridge Topologies 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransparent Bridge Architecture 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaintaining the Link Invariants 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hard Invariants Are Hard Indeed 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoft Invariants 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementing the Bridge Address Table 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable Operations 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSearch Algorithms 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHash Tables 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBinary Search 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContent-Addressable Memories 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Deep Is Your Table? 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAging Entries from the Table 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridge Performance 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Does It Take to Be the Best? 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf You’re Not the Best, How Good Are You? 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe IEEE 802.1D Standard 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOperating Parameters and Requirements 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAging Time 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridge Transit Delay 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Operating Requirements 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridge Address Assignment 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReserved Addresses 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Bridging Between Technologies 105\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridging the LAN Gap 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLAN Operational Mechanisms 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrame Format Translation 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMAC-Specific Fields 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUser Data Encapsulation 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranslating Versus Encapsulating Bridges 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIssues in Bridging Dissimilar LANs 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaximum Transmission Unit (MTU) 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrame Check Protection 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBit-Ordering 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Groups Versus True Multicast Addressing 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLAN-Specific Features 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThoughts on Bridging Dissimilar LANs 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridging Between Local and Wide Area Networks 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications of Remote Bridges 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnologies for Remote Bridges 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncapsulation 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIssues in Remote Bridges 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eError Rate 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLAN Bandwidth and Delay 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIEEE 802.1G — Not! 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Principles of LAN Switches 147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Switch Is a Bridge Is a Switch 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitched LAN Concepts 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeparate Access Domains 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSegmentation and Microsegmentation 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtended Distance Limitations 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreased Aggregate Capacity 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData Rate Flexibility 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCut-Through Versus Store-and-Forward Operation 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiLayer Switching 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLayer 3 Switching 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Router by Any Other Name Would Still Forward Packets 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLayer 3 Switch Operation 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLayer 4 Switching 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Switch Is a Switch Is a Switch Except When 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFour Generations of Switch Integration 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch Configurations 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBounded Systems 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStackable Switches 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStacking the Deck 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Block in the Ointment 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnited, We Are One 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChassis Switches 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch Application Environments 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesktop Level 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorkgroup Level 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCampus Level 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnterprise Level 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Needs Change with the Level 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumbers of Ports 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLayer 2 Versus Layer 3 Switching (Bridging Versus Routing) 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable sizes 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLink Technologies 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePort Data Rates and Aggregate Capacity 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedia Support 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Loop Resolution 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiary of a Loopy LAN 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGetting Yourself in the Loop 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGetting out of the Loop 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Spanning Tree Protocol 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistory of the Spanning Tree Protocol 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpanning Tree Protocol Operation 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpanning Tree Protocol Concepts 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculating and Maintaining the Spanning Tree 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridge Protocol Data Units 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePort States 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTopology Changes 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtocol Timers 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIssues in STP Implementation 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQueuing of BPDUs Relative to Data 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSave a Receive Buffer for Me! 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpanning Tree Protocol Performance 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRapid Spanning Tree Protocol 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRSTP State of the Port Address 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiscarding 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForwarding 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePort Roles 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Root Port 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Designated Port 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Alternate Port 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Backup Port 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForwarding State — Rapid Transition 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEdge Port 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLink Type 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBPDUs (Bip-A-Doo-Two) 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBPDU — The Final Frontier .er uh The New Format 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow It Is Now Handled 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple Spanning Tree Protocol 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRSTP, MSTP, and STP (Can’t we all just get along?) 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoops in a Remotely Bridged (WAN) Catenet 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere’s More Than a One-Letter Difference 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpanning Tree on a WAN 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLink Utilization 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelay 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing a Single Path for All Traffic 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProprietary Loop Resolution Algorithms 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRouting Versus Bridging on the WAN 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Example of Loop Resolution 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavior of a Spanning Tree Catenet 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaintaining the Link Invariants 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData Flow on the Spanning Tree 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraffic Congregation at the Root 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTopology Changes and Disruption 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguring the Spanning Tree 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e‘‘We’ll All Be Planning That Root .’’ 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssigning Link Costs 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSetting Protocol Timers 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManaging the Extent of the Catenet 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpaTreeWithoutaProtocol? 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Would Anyone Do This? 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteroperability 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat to Do, What to Do? 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Source Routing 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of Source Routing Operation 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEine Kleine Sourceroutinggeschichte 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource Routing Concepts 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNontransparency, or ‘‘Peek-a-Boo — I See You!’’ 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWho’s the Boss? 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConnection Orientation 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBe All That You Can Be (Without Joining the Army) 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEven Token Rings Need to Get Out of the Loop Sometimes 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRing and Bridge Numbering 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoute Discovery 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaximum Transmission Unit Discovery 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource-Routed Frames 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferentiating Source-Routed and Non-Source–Routed Frames 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Source–Routed Frames 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource-Routed Frame Format 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRouting Control Fields 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoute Descriptors 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource Routing Operation 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoute Discovery 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoute Discovery Algorithms 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoute Discovery Frames 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoute Selection 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIssues in Route Discovery 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStation Operation 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArchitectural Model of Source Routing 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd Station Transmit Behavior 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd Station Receive Behavior 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridge Operation 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridge Behavior for Specifically Routed Frames 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBridge Behavior for Explorer Frames (Both ARE and STE) 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterconnecting the Source-Routed and Transparently Bridged Universes 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDon’t Bridge — Route! 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Source Routing-to-Transparent Bridge 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Source Routing\/Transparent Bridge 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIEEE Standards and Source Routing 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Future of Source Routing 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Two Advanced LAN Switch Concepts\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Full Duplex Operation 305\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy a MAC? 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull Duplex Enablers 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDedicated Media 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDedicated LAN 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull Duplex Ethernet 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e‘‘Ethernet Is CSMA\/CD’’ 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull Duplex Ethernet Operating Environment 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubset of Half Duplex Operation 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransmitter Operation 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReceiver Operation 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet Minimum Frame Size Constraint 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDedicated Token Ring 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplications of Full Duplex Operation 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEliminating the Link Length Restriction of Half Duplex Ethernet 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreasing the Link Capacity 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreasing Switch Load 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFull Duplex Application Environments 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch-to-Switch Connections 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eServer and Router Connections 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-Distance Connections 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 LAN and Switch Flow Control 327\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Need for Flow Control 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefault Switch Behavior 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Effect of Frame Loss 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-to-End Flow Control 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCost-Performance Tradeoffs 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControlling Flow in Half Duplex Networks 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackpressure 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAggressive Transmission Policies 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMAC Control 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMAC Control Architecture 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMAC Control Frame Format 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePAUSE Function 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview of PAUSE Operation 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePAUSE Frame Semantics 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration of Flow Control Capabilities 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIEEE 802.3x Flow Control Implementation Issues 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesign Implications of PAUSE Function 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInserting PAUSE Frames in the Transmit Queue 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParsing Received PAUSE Frames 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePAUSE Timing 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuffering Requirements 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlow Control Policies and Use 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuffer Thresholds 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection of PAUSE Times 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDealing with Unreliable Delivery 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlow Control Symmetry 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymmetric Flow Control 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsymmetric Flow Control 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Link Aggregation 361\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLink Aggregation Benefits 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication of Link Aggregation 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch-to-Switch Connections 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch-to-Station (Server or Router) Connections 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStation-to-Station Connections 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAggregate or Upgrade? 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIssues in Link Aggregation 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddressing 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistributing Traffic Across an Aggregation 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaintaining Link Invariants in an Aggregated Environment 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeparating Traffic Flows 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConversation Determination Aids the Realization of Aggregation 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMapping the Distribution Function to the Physical Link 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConversations Above the Data Link Layer 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Distribution Functions 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanging the Distribution 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerformance 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechnology Constraints (a.k.a. Link Aggravation) 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixing LAN Technologies in a Single Aggregation 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixing Data Rates in a Single Aggregation 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAggregation and Shared LANs 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConfiguration Control 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Standard 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScope of the Standard 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeatures and Benefits of the Standard 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLink Aggregation Architectural Model 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBinding Physical Ports to Aggregators 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBinding, Distribution, and Collection 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddressing 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarker Protocol Operation 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLink Aggregation Control Protocol 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLACP Concepts 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLACP Frame Format 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSplit Up the Trunk 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Multicast Pruning 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMulticast Usage 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWho Assigns Multicast Addresses? 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication Use of Multicast 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplications of Default Behavior 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrimming the (Spanning) Tree 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Weekend Networker’s Guide to Tree Pruning 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReceiver Declaration 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegistration of the Declaration 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePropagation of the Registration 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSource Pruning 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIEEE 802.1p 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGARP Multicast Registration Protocol 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneric Attribute Registration Protocol 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGMRP Use of GARP 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Virtual LANs: Applications and Concepts 433\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplications of VLANs 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Software Patch Panel 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLAN Security 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUser Mobility 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBandwidth Preservation 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Concepts 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlaying Tag on Your LAN 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplicit Tags 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExplicit Tags 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Awareness and Tag Awareness 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Awareness 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat It Means to Be VLAN-Aware 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN-Aware Switches 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN-Aware End Stations 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHe Looks Around, Around, He Sees VLANs in the Architecture, Spinning in Infinity 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShared Media and VLAN Awareness 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon–VLAN-Aware Switches and End Stations 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Association Rules (Mapping Frames to VLANs) 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePort-Based VLAN Mapping 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMAC Address-Based VLAN Mapping 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtocol-Based VLAN Mapping 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIP Subnet-Based VLAN Mapping 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA VLAN Phenomenon: The One-Armed Router 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication-Based VLAN Mapping 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Rules Follow the Application 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrame Forwarding 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Virtual LANs: The IEEE Standard 475\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview and Scope of the Standard 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElements of the Standard 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTag and Frame Formats 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Protocol Identifier 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTag Control Information Field 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmbedded Routing Information Field 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoute Control Portion 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoute Descriptor Portion 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTagged Ethernet Frames 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlash! Ethernet MTU Increases by 4 Bytes! 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTagged Token Ring Frames 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTagged FDDI Frames 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Tags on Other LAN Technologies 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Word on Bit and Byte Order 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIEEE 802.1Q Switch Operation 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIngress Process 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcceptable Frame Filter 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIngress Rules 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIngress Filter 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgress Process 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForwarding in a VLAN-Aware Switch 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaintaining the Filtering Database 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgress Process 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgress Rules 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgress Filter 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystem-Level Switch Constraints 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGARP VLAN Registration Protocol 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGVRP Use of GARP 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMulticast Registration and VLAN Context 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLANs and the Spanning Tree 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSo Exactly What Are They Trying to Accomplish Here? 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat the Heck Does This All Mean? 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTha-tha-tha-tha-tha .That’s Right Folks! 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple Spanning Tree Instance 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMST Regions 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 Priority Operation 517\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy Priority? 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLAN Priority Mechanisms 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToken Ring Priority Mechanisms 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFDDI Priority Mechanisms 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet Priority Mechanisms 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN and Priority Tagging 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGetting into the Priority Business 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePriority Operation in Switches 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ordering Invariant — Redux 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIEEE 802.1p 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch Process Flow for Priority Operation 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining Frame Priority on Input 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTag, You’re It! 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLAN-Specific User Priority Indication 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplicit Priority Determination, or ‘‘Whose Clues Do You Use?’’ 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePriority Regeneration 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMapping Input Priority to Class-of-Service 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClass of Service Versus Quality of Service 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Many Queues Do You Chueues? 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefault Priority Mappings 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutput Scheduling 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScheduling Algorithms 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndicating the Priority in Transmitted Frames 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMapping User Priority to Access Priority at the Output Port 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 LAN Security 547\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetworkSecurityOverview 548\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHackers, Crackers, Viruses, and Those Confounded Worms 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHac and Crac, the Ker Brothers. 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalware 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Security 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProactive Measures 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVirus Containment 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirewalls 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd User Checks and Balances 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLAN Security 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecurity Concerns at Layer 2 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMan in the Middle 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMAC Address Table Flooding 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDHCP Attacks 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpanning Tree Attacks 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate VLAN Attack 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Migration (Hopping) Attack 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eARP Spoofing Attack 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWrap Up 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 Switch Management 565\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Simple Network Management Protocol 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSNMP Concepts 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManager\/Agent Architecture 568\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement Information Base 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Simple Network Management Protocol 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Simple Network Management Protocol Version 2 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Simple Network Management Protocol Version 3 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Monitoring Tools 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtocol Analysis in a Switched LAN 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMirror, Mirror on the Switch, Which Is the Port That’s Got the Glitch? 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch Mirroring 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLook Within Yourself for the Truth 585\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRMON Capabilities and MIBs 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet Statistics Group 586\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthernet History Group 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlarm Group 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHost Group 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHostTopN Group 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMatrix Group 594\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFilter Group 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePacket Capture Group 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvent Group 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRMON Support for Virtual LANs 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevels of RMON Support 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal Switch Management Platforms 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-SNMP Management 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal Web Servers 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOut-of-Band Management 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement by Telnet 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement by Secure Shell 605\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReach Out and Ping Someone 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 Network Troubleshooting Strategies 609\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Trouble with Troubleshooting 610\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHousekeeping 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRunning the Network Baseline 611\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProactive Troubleshooting 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTroubleshooting Tools 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTroubleshooting Utilities 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eping 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003etrace route 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enetstat 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eroute 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArp 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore Advanced Tools of the Trade 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork Analyzers (or whatever they are calling them today) 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Testing Equipment 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eand if all else fails 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Systematic Approach 624\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefining the Problem 624\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSharing the Known 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining the Issue 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeveloping a Solution 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResolving and Taking Action! 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonitoring the Results 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Final Step — Have a Beer! 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Strategies for Layer 2 Troubleshooting 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerforming a Health Check 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoftware, Hardware, and Configuration 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIssues Relating to Software 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIssues Relating to Hardware 630\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIssues Relating to Configuration 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon Layer 2 Issues 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVlans 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuplex Mismatches 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpanning Tree 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWrap Up 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17 Make the Switch! 641\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeeping House 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHousekeeping Functions 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementation and Performance (or, It’s Tough to Find a Good Housekeeper) 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch Data Receive Path Functions 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePort Interfaces (Receive) 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReceive Flow Control 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLink Aggregation Collector 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification Engine 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal Sinking of Reserved Multicast Addresses 651\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Ingress Rules 651\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePriority Assessment 653\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo It Once and Save the Results 653\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplementation of the Classification Engine 655\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVLAN Filters 657\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLookup Engine 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenerating the Output Vector 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaintaining the Filtering Database 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLookup Implementation 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch Fabrics 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShared Memory 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShared Memory Fabric Operation 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMulticasting in a Shared Memory Architecture 667\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuffer Organization 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMemory Bandwidth Limitations 671\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreasing the Memory Bandwidth 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShared Bus 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrosspoint Matrix 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMulticasting in a Crosspoint Matrix Fabric 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrosspoint Matrix Implementation 679\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Head-of-Line Blocking Problem 680\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolving the Head-of-Line Blocking Problem 682\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePriority Levels in the Switch Fabric 690\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInput Versus Output Queues 690\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInput Queues and Shared Memory Switch Fabrics 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInput Queues, Output Queues, and Flow Control 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitch Data Transmit Path Functions 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutput Filters 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutput Queues and Priority Handling 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLink Aggregation Distributor 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransmit Flow Control 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHey, Kids! What Time Is It? 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePort Interfaces (Transmit) 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix: Protocol Parsing 699\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 711\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 753\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRich Seifert\u003c\/b\u003e is President of Networks \u0026amp; Communications Consulting. He has contributed to the design of a wide range of products including LAN switches.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJim Edwards\u003c\/b\u003e is a Nortel Networks certified support specialist specializing in network architecture, specifically switching, and virtual private networks. Working in the Premium Support Group consisting of Nortel's largest Enterprise customers, he has extensive experience with switching technologies.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eThe much-anticipated update to the bestselling book on LAN switching\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince the publication of the first edition of The Switch Book seven years ago, LAN switching has witnessed significant changes, particularly in the areas of network layers, Ethernet, fast Ethernet, segmenting LANs, layer 3 switching, layer 4 switching, and multi-layer switching, to name just a few. With this updated guide, you'll discover the latest capabilities of LAN switches and get in-depth coverage of the abstract engineering principles behind switch operations in addition to the practical application of those principles in commercial products.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoauthored by an innovator who has been at the forefront of networking technology for more than two decades, this unique resource begins by laying the foundation of the core technologies underlying LAN switch design, including network architecture, addressing, LAN technology, and LAN standards. Building on those fundamentals, the book goes on to investigate the many advanced features, as well as the possibilities, that exist in modern switches. From there, you'll dive into the technical details of transparent bridges as they are used between similar and dissimilar technologies. You'll learn that, along with the performance advantages that are offered by switches, comes an increase in features, options, and complexity.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith more than forty percent new and updated material, this second edition of The All-New Switch Book explains:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe problems of link congestion that arise from the deployment of LAN switches\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow switches and end stations can use a group of independent LAN segments as if they were a single link\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecurity concerns that environments need to be aware of, and how to prevent attacks\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe concepts and operation of source routing in both end stations and bridges\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe various uses for Virtual LANs (VLANs) as well as the key concepts employed by devices that implement VLAN capability\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990154789093,"sku":"NP9780470287156","price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470287156.jpg?v=1761786711","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/the-all-new-switch-book-isbn-9780470287156","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}