Stem Cells in Craniofacial Development and Regeneration

Stem Cells, Craniofacial Development and Regeneration is an introduction to stem cells with an emphasis on their role in craniofacial development. Divided into five sections, chapters build from basic introductory information on the definition and characteristics of stem cells to more indepth explorations of their role in craniofacial development. Section I covers embryonic and adult stem cells with a focus on the craniofacial region, while sections II-IV cover the development and regeneration of craniofacial bone, tooth, temporomandibular joint, salivary glands and muscle. Concluding chapters describe the current, cutting-edge research utilizing stem cells for craniofacial tissue bioengineering to treat lost or damaged tissue.

The authoritative resource for dentistry students as well as craniofacial researchers at the graduate and post-graduate level, Stem Cells, Craniofacial Development and Regeneration explores the rapidly expanding field of stem cells and regeneration from the perspective of the dentistry and craniofacial community, and points the way forward in areas of tissue bioengineering and craniofacial stem cell therapies.

Contributors xi

Preface xv

PART I DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION OF CRANIOFACIAL TISSUES AND ORGANS

1 Molecular Blueprint for Craniofacial Morphogenesis and Development 3
Paul A. Trainor

2 Cranial Neural Crest Cells in Craniofacial Tissues and Organs 31
Carolina Parada and Yang Chai

3 Craniofacial Intramembranous Bone Development and Regeneration 51
David P. Rice and Ritva Rice

4 Temporomandibular Joint Development 71
Shuping Gu and YiPing Chen

5 Craniofacial Muscle Development 87
Robert G. Kelly

6 Tooth Morphogenesis and Renewal 109
Maria Jussila, Emma Juuri, and Irma Thesleff

7 Reptilian Tooth Regeneration 135
Joy M. Richman, John A. Whitlock, and John Abramyan

8 Tooth Root Development 153
Brian L. Foster, Francisco H. Nociti Jr., and Martha J. Somerman

9 Systems Biology of Early Tooth Development 179
Daniel J. O’Connell, Joshua W. K. Ho, and Richard L. Maas

PART II STEM CELLS AND THEIR NICHES IN CRANIOFACIAL TISSUES

10 Stem Cells, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, and Their Differentiation to Specified Lineage Fates 205
George T.-J. Huang, Xiao-Ying Zou, Xing Yan, Kyle J. Hewitt, Yulia Shamis, and Jonathan A. Garlick

11 Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells 223
Songtao Shi and Stan Gronthos

12 Adipose Tissue–Derived Stem Cells and Their Regeneration Potential 241
Jeffrey Gimble, Maryam Rezai Rad, and Shaomian Yao

13 Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells: Their Origin and Niche Factors 259
Johannes W. Von den Hoff and Sander Grefte

14 Stem Cells in Salivary Gland Development and Regeneration 271
Isabelle M. A. Lombaert and Matthew P. Hoffman

15 Stem and Progenitor Cells of Dental and Gingival Tissue Origin 285
Christian Morsczeck, George T.-J. Huang, and Songtao Shi

16 Regulation and Differentiation Potential of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells 303
Lei Wang, Christian Morsczeck, Stan Gronthos, and Songtao Shi

17 An Incisive Look at Stem Cells: The Mouse Incisor as an Emerging Model for Tooth Renewal 315
Frederic Michon, Andrew H. Jheon, Kerstin Seidel, and Ophir D. Klein

18 Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niches in Rodent Tooth Pulp 329
Jifan Feng and Paul T. Sharpe

PART III STEM CELL–MEDIATED CRANIOFACIAL TISSUE BIOENGINEERING

19 Bone Bioengineering: Scaffolds, Growth Factors, and Stem Cells 341
Christopher S. D. Lee, Christopher D. Hermann, Rolando Gittens, Rene Olivares-Navarrete, Zvi Schwartz, and Barbara D. Boyan

20 Craniofacial Tissue Bioengineering and Regeneration by Endogenous Stem Cells 367
Nan Jiang, Mo Chen, Chang Hun Lee, Jian Zhou, Mildred C. Embree, Kimi Kong, Choko Cho, Avital Mendelson, Ying Zheng, Hemin Nie, and Jeremy J. Mao

21 Stem Cell–Based Bioengineering of Craniofacial Bone 379
David D. Lo, Daniel T. Montoro, Monica Grova, Jeong S. Hyun, Michael T. Chung, Derrick C. Wan, and Michael T. Longaker

22 Muscle Tissue Engineering Approaches 395
Johannes W. Von den Hoff and Sander Grefte

23 Engineering of Dental Tissues: Scaffolds and Preclinical Models 409
Na Yu, Adelina Plachokova, Fang Yang, X. Frank Walboomers, and John A. Jansen

24 Whole-Tooth Engineering and Cell Sources 431
L. Keller, S. Kuchler-Bopp, and Herv´e Lesot

25 Bioengineering of Functional Teeth 447
Takashi Tsuji

26 Pulp and Dentin Regeneration 461
Misako Nakashima and George T.-J. Huang

27 Bioengineering of Roots and Periodontal Tissues 485
Songlin Wang, Gang Ding, Fulan Wei, and Yi Liu

28 Periodontal Bioengineering Strategies: The Present Status and Some Developing Trends 501
Fa-Ming Chen and Yan Jin

Index 525

George T.-J. Huang, DDS, MSD, DSc, is the Director for Stem Cells and Regenerative Therapies in the College of Dentistry at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center.

Irma Thesleff, DDS, PhD, is the Research Director of the Developmental Biology Program at the Institute of Biotechnology at the University of Helsinki.

A revealing look at the latest in craniofacial stem cell research and therapy

With their unique ability to repair and replenish adult tissues, stem cells are increasingly used in cutting-edge medical therapies. This timely work focuses on the role of stem cells in craniofacial development, exploring the rapidly evolving area of dental and craniofacial tissue regeneration.

With expert contributions from the forefront of craniofacial research and dentistry, Stem Cells in Craniofacial Development and Regeneration first introduces the development and regeneration of craniofacial tissues and organs, from neural crest cells to early tooth development. It then goes on to examine the different types of stem cells and their niches in craniofacial tissues, including what we can learn from rodent models. Concluding chapters survey the latest trends in stem cell–mediated craniofacial tissue bioengineering and stem cell therapies for treating damaged or lost tissue. Stem Cells in Craniofacial Development and Regeneration:

• Explains the mechanisms and biology of craniofacial morphogenesis and development
• Describes bone, tooth, muscle, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) development and regeneration
• Covers dental, muscle, salivary gland, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and stem cells from bone marrow and adipose tissue
• Highlights advances in bioengineering for the repair of bone, muscle tissue, teeth, roots, and periodontal tissue
• Offers information on biological data integration and searching

Stem Cells in Craniofacial Development and Regeneration is a must-have reference for craniofacial researchers, developmental biologists, tissue engineers, and dentists. It is also an important guide for students in dentistry and oral-maxillofacial surgery and related fields.