{"product_id":"sensing-technologies-for-real-time-monitoring-of-water-quality-isbn-9781119775812","title":"Sensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality","description":"\u003cb\u003eSensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA comprehensive guide to the development and application of smart sensing technologies for water quality monitoring\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith contributions from a panel of experts on the topic, \u003ci\u003eSensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality\u003c\/i\u003e offers an authoritative resource that explores a complete set of sensing technologies designed to monitor, in real-time, water quality including agriculture. The contributing authors explore the fundamentals of sensing technologies and review the most recent advances of various materials and sensors for water quality??monitoring.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis comprehensive resource includes information on a range of designs of smart electronics, communication systems, packaging, and innovative implementation approaches used for remote monitoring of water quality in various atmospheres. The book explores a variety of techniques for online water quality monitoring including internet of Things (IoT), communication systems, and advanced sensor deployment methods. This important book: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePuts the spotlight on the potential capabilities and the limitations of various sensing technologies and wireless systems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers an evaluation of a variety of sensing materials, substrates, and designs of sensors\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDescribes sensor implementation in agriculture and extreme environments\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes information on the common characteristics, ideas, and approaches of water quality and quantity management\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten for students and practitioners\/researchers in water quality management, \u003ci\u003eSensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality\u003c\/i\u003e offers, in one volume, a guide to the real time sensing techniques that can improve water quality and its management. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Editors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection I Materials and Sensors Development Including Case Study 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Smart Sensors for Monitoring pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Electrical Conductivity, and Temperature in Water 3\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKiranmai Uppuluri\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Water Quality Parameters and Their Importance 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Impact of pH on Water Quality 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Impact of Dissolved Oxygen on Water Quality 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Impact of Electrical Conductivity on Water Quality 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Impact of Temperature on Water Quality 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Water Quality Sensors 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 pH 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.1 pH Sensors: Principles, Materials, and Designs 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.2 Glass Electrode 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.3 Solid- State Ion- Selective Electrodes 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1.4 Metal Oxide pH Sensors 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Dissolved Oxygen 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.1 DO Sensors: Principles, Materials, and Designs 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.2 Chemical Sensors 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.3 Electrochemical Sensors 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2.4 Optical or Photochemical Sensors 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Electrical Conductivity 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3.1 Conductivity Sensors: Principles, Materials, and Designs 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Temperature 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4.1 Temperature Sensors: Principles, Materials, and Designs 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4.2 Thermocouples 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4.3 Resistance Temperature Detector 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4.4 Thermistor 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4.5 Integrated Circuit 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Smart Sensors 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Conclusion 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Dissolved Heavy Metal Ions Monitoring Sensors for Water Quality Analysis 25\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTarun Narayan, Pierre Lovera, and Alan O’Riordan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Sources and Effects of Heavy Metals 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Detection Techniques 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Analytical Detection: Conventional Detection Techniques of Heavy Metals 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Electrochemical Detection Techniques of Heavy Metals 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.1 Nanomaterial- Modified Electrodes 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.2 Metal Nanoparticle- Based Modification 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.3 Metal Oxide Nanoparticle- Based Modification 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2.4 Carbon Nanomaterials- Based Modification 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Biomolecules Modification for Heavy Metal Detection 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3.1 Antibody- Based Detection 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3.2 Nucleic Acid- Based Detection 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3.3 Cell- Based Sensor 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Future Direction 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Conclusions 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Ammonia, Nitrate, and Urea Sensors in Aquatic Environments 51\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFabiane Fantinelli Franco\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Detection Techniques for Ammonia, Nitrate, and Urea in Water 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Spectrophotometry 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Fluorometry 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Electrochemical Sensors 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Ammonia 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Ammonia in Aquatic Environments 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Ammonia Detection Techniques 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Nitrate 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Nitrate in Aquatic Environments 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Nitrate Detection Techniques 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Urea 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Urea in Aquatic Environment 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Urea Detection Techniques 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Monitoring of Pesticides Presence in Aqueous Environment 77\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYuqing Yang, Pierre Lovera, and Alan O’Riordan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction: Background on Pesticides 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Types and Properties 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Risks 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Regulation and Legislation 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Occurrence of Pesticide Exceedance 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Current Pesticides Detection Methods 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Detection of Pesticides Based on Electrochemical Methods 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.1 Brief Overview of Electrochemical Methods 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1.2 Detection of Pesticides by Electrochemistry 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Detection of Pesticides Based on Optical Methods 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2.1 Detection of Pesticides Based on Fluorescence 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Detection of Pesticides Based on Raman Spectroscopy 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.1 Introduction to SERS 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.2 Fabrication of SERS Substrates 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.3 Detection of Pesticide by SERS 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3.4 Challenges and Future Perspectives 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Conclusion 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Waterborne Bacteria Detection Based on Electrochemical Transducer 107\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNasrin Razmi, Magnus Willander, and Omer Nur\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Typical Waterborne Pathogens 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Traditional Diagnostic Tools 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Biosensors for Bacteria Detection in Water 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Common Bioreceptors for Electrochemical Sensing of Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogenic Bacteria 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.1 Antibodies 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.2 Enzymes 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.3 DNA and Aptamers 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.4 Phages 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.5 Cell and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Sensing of Waterborne Pathogenic Bacteria 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.1 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.2 Conducting Polymeric Nanoparticles 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.3 Carbon Nanomaterials 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2.4 Silica Nanoparticles 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Various Electrochemical Biosensors Available for Pathogenic Bacteria Detection in Water 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Amperometric Detection 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Impedimetric Detection 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Conductometric Detection 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 Potentiometric Detection 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusion and Future Prospective 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Zinc Oxide- Based Miniature Sensor Networks for Continuous Monitoring of Aqueous pH in Smart Agriculture 139\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAkshaya Kumar Aliyana, Aiswarya Baburaj, Naveen Kumar S. K., and Renny Edwin Fernandez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Metal Oxide- Based Sensors and Detection Methods 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 pH Sensor Fabrication 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Detection of pH: Materials and Method 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Detection of pH: Surface Morphology of the Nanostructured ZnO and IDEs 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Detection of pH: Electrochemical Sensing Performance 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Detection of Real- Time pH Level in Smart Agriculture: Wireless Sensor Networks and Embedded System 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Conclusion 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection II Readout Electronic and Packaging 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Integration and Packaging for Water Monitoring Systems 163\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMuhammad Hassan Malik and Ali Roshanghias\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Advanced Water Quality Monitoring Systems 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Multi- sensing on a Single Chip 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Heterogeneous Integration 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Case Study: MoboSens 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Basics of Packaging 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Hybrid Flexible Packaging 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Interconnects 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Thin Die Embedding 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Encapsulation and Hermeticity 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Roll to Roll Assembly 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Conclusion 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 A Survey on Transmit and Receive Circuits in Underwater Communication for Sensor Nodes 185\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNoushin Ghaderi and Leandro Lorenzelli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Sensor Networks in an Underwater Environment 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Acoustic Sensor Network 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.1 Energy Sink- Hole Problem 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.2 Acoustic Sensor Design Problems 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.3 The Underwater Transducer 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.4 Amplifier Design 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1.5 Analog- to- Digital Converter 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Electromagnetic (EM) Waves Underwater Sensors 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.1 Antenna Design 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2.2 Multipath Propagation 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Conclusion 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection III Sensing Data Assessment and Deployment Including Extreme Environment and Advanced Pollutants 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 An Introduction to Microplastics, and Its Sampling Processes and Assessment Techniques 205\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBappa Mitra, Andrea Adami, Ravinder Dahiya, and Leandro Lorenzelli\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Properties of Microplastics 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Microplastics in Food Chain 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Human Consumption of Microplastics and Possible Health Effects 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.4 Overview 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Microplastic Sampling Tools 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Non- Discrete Sampling Devices 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1.1 Nets 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1.2 Pump Tools 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Discrete Sampling Devices 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Surface Microlayer Sampling Devices 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Microplastics Separation 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Separating Microplastics from Liquid Samples 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1.1 Filtration 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1.2 Sieving 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Separating Microplastics from Sediments 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.1 Density Separation 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.2 Elutriation 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2.3 Froth Floatation 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Microplastic Sample Digestion Process 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Acidic Digestion 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Alkaline Digestion 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Oxidizing Digestion 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Enzymatic Degradation 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Microplastic Identification and Classification 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 Visual Counting 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 Fluorescence 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3 Destructive Analysis 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3.1 Thermoanalytical Methods 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.3.2 High- Performance Liquid Chromatography 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4 Nondestructive Analysis 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.4.2 Raman Spectroscopy 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Conclusions 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Advancements in Drone Applications for Water Quality Monitoring and the Need for Multispectral and Multi- Sensor Approaches 235\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoao L. E. Simon, Robert J. W. Brewin, Peter E. Land, and Jamie D. Shutler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Airborne Drones for Environmental Remote Sensing 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Drone Multispectral Remote Sensing 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Integrating Multiple Complementary Sensor Strategies with a Single Drone 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Conclusion 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Sensors for Water Quality Assessment in Extreme Environmental Conditions 253\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePriyanka Ganguly\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Physical Parameters 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Electrical Conductivity 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Temperature 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Pressure 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Chemical Parameters 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 pH 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Dissolved Oxygen and Chemical Oxygen Demand 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Inorganic Content 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Biological Parameters 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Sensing in Extreme Water Environments 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Discussion and Outlook 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Conclusion 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection IV Sensing Data Analysis and Internet of Things with a Case Study 283\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Toward Real- Time Water Quality Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks 285\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSohail Sarang, Goran M. Stojanović, and Stevan Stankovski\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Water Quality Monitoring Systems 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Laboratory- Based WQM (LB- WQM) 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Wireless Sensor Networks- Based WQM (WSNs- WQM) 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.1 Solar- Powered Water Quality Monitoring 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2.2 Battery- Powered Water Quality Monitoring 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 The Use of Industry 4.0 Technologies for Real- Time WQM 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Conclusion 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 An Internet of Things- Enabled System for Monitoring Multiple Water Quality Parameters 305\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFowzia Akhter, H. R. Siddiquei, Md. E. E. Alahi, and S. C. Mukhopadhyay\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Water Quality Parameters and Related Sensors 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Design and Fabrication of the Proposed Sensor 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Sensor’s Working Principle 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Experimental Process 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Autonomous System Development 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Algorithm for Data Classification 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Experimental Results 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.1 Sensor Characterization for Temperature, pH, Nitrate, Phosphate, Calcium, and Magnesium Measurement 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.2 Repeatability 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.3 Reproducibility 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.4 Real Sample Measurement and Validation 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.5 Data Collection 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6.6 Power Consumption 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Conclusion 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 339\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLIBU MANJAKKAL, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Lecturer at Edinburgh Napier University, UK, and was a Research Associate at James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLEANDRO LORENZELLI, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is Head of the Microsystems Technology Research Unit at Fondazione Bruno Kessler — Center for Sensors and Devices (FBK-SD - Italy).  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMAGNUS WILLANDER, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is Former Chair Professor in Gothenburg University and Linköping University and Visiting Professor and Scientist in various countries.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA comprehensive guide to the development and application of smart sensing technologies for water quality monitoring\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith contributions from a panel of experts on the topic, \u003ci\u003eSensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality\u003c\/i\u003e offers an authoritative resource that explores a complete set of sensing technologies designed to monitor, in real-time, water quality including agriculture. The contributing authors explore the fundamentals of sensing technologies and review the most recent advances of various materials and sensors for water quality??monitoring.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis comprehensive resource includes information on a range of designs of smart electronics, communication systems, packaging, and innovative implementation approaches used for remote monitoring of water quality in various atmospheres. The book explores a variety of techniques for online water quality monitoring including internet of Things (IoT), communication systems, and advanced sensor deployment methods. This important book: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePuts the spotlight on the potential capabilities and the limitations of various sensing technologies and wireless systems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers an evaluation of a variety of sensing materials, substrates, and designs of sensors\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDescribes sensor implementation in agriculture and extreme environments\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes information on the common characteristics, ideas, and approaches of water quality and quantity management\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten for students and practitioners\/researchers in water quality management, \u003ci\u003eSensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality\u003c\/i\u003e offers, in one volume, a guide to the real time sensing techniques that can improve water quality and its management.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-IEEE Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47990006743269,"sku":"NP9781119775812","price":135.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119775812.jpg?v=1761786192","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/sensing-technologies-for-real-time-monitoring-of-water-quality-isbn-9781119775812","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}