{"product_id":"recent-advances-in-polyphenol-research-volume-2-isbn-9781405193993","title":"Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research, Volume 2","description":"\u003cb\u003eRecent Advances in Polyphenol Research\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVolume 2\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEdited by Santos-Buelga, Escribano-Bailon and Lattanzio\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant phenolics are secondary metabolites that constitute one of the most common and widespread groups of substances in plants. Polyphenols have a large and diverse array of beneficial effects on both plants and animals. For example they are famous as antioxidants, hormones, constituents of essential oils and natural neurotransmitters.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSponsored by Groupe Polyphenols, this publication, which is the second volume in this ground-breaking series, is edited by Celestino Santos-Buelga, Maria Teresa Escribano-Bailon, and Vincenzo Lattanzio, who have drawn together an impressive list of internationally respected authors, each providing cutting edge chapters covering some of the major topics of recent research and interest.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation included in this important new addition to the series include the following areas:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Flavonoid chemistry of the leguminosae\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Chemistry and biological activity of ellagitannins\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Chemistry and function of anthocyanins in plants\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• An update of chemical pathways leading to new phenolic pigments during wine ageing\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Metabolic engineering of the flavonoid pathway\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• The translation of chemical properties of polyphenols into biological activity with impacts in human health\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Plant phenolic compounds controlling leaf movement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Biological activity of phenolics in plants\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemists, biochemists, plant scientists, pharmacognosists and pharmacologists, food scientists and nutritionists will all find this book an invaluable resource. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies on their shelves.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ci\u003eContributors xiv\u003c\/i\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePreface xviii\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Visible Flavonoids or Anthocyanins: From Research to Applications\u003c\/b\u003e 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRaymond Brouillard, Stefan Chassaing, Géraldine Isorez, Marie Kueny-Stotz, and Paulo Figueiredo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Copigmentation of anthocyanins 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Formation of inclusion complexes 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Ion-pair formation 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Metalloanthocyanins 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 \u003ci\u003eZ-\u003c\/i\u003eChalcones: unexpected open cavities for the ferriccation 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Anthocyanin biological activity 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Some thoughts on applications 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 References 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Flavonoid Chemistry of the Leguminosae\u003c\/b\u003e 23\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eNigel C. Veitch\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Classification and nomenclature of the Leguminosae: a brief synopsis 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Flavonoid structures in the Leguminosae: trends and distribution 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Occurrence of 5-deoxyfl avonoids in the Leguminosae 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Isofl avonoids in subfamily Papilionoideae 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.1 Recent advances in biosynthetic studies 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.2 Isoflavonoid glycosides 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.3 Isoflavone glucosyltransferases 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2.4 Acylated isoflavone glycosides 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Leguminosae anthocyanins: malonyltransferases of \u003ci\u003eClitoria ternatea\u003c\/i\u003e 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Advances in analytical methodology applied to Leguminosae flavonoids 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Hyphenated MS techniques 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Hyphenated NMR techniques and miniaturization 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Chiroptical methods 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Leguminosae flavonoids and chemosystematics 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 The disputed position of the Swartzieae: subfamily Caesalpinioideae or Papilionoideae? 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Generic delimitation in the aldinoid clade of swartzioid legumes: \u003ci\u003eCordyla\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eDupuya\u003c\/i\u003e 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Species-level studies of the isoflavonoid chemistry of \u003ci\u003eCicer\u003c\/i\u003e 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Concluding remarks 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Acknowledgments 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 References 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Updating Wine Pigments\u003c\/b\u003e 59\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eVictor A.P. de Freitas and Nuno Mateus\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 General overview 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Factors that affect wine color intensity and stability 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Chemical transformations of flavonoids 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Condensation between anthocyanins and flavanols mediated by aldehydes 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Reaction between flavanols and aldehydes 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Direct condensation between flavanols and anthocyanins 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4 Pyranoanthocyanins 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4.1 Reaction between anthocyanins and vinyl compounds 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.4.2 Yeast metabolites involved in anthocyanin transformations 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.5 Vinylpyranoanthocyanins (portisins) 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Final remarks 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Acknowledgments 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 References 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Ellagitannins – An Underestimated Class of Plant Polyphenols: Chemical Reactivity of \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e-Glucosidic Ellagitannins in Relation to Wine Chemistry and Biological Activity\u003c\/b\u003e 81\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eStéphane Quideau, Michael Jourdes, Dorothée Lefeuvre, Patrick Pardon, Cédric Saucier, Pierre-Louis Teissedre, and Yves Glories\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Ellagitannins: an underestimated class of bioactive plant polyphenols 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e-Glucosidic ellagitannins: a special subclass of ellagitannins 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Major \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e-glucosidic ellagitannins in oak and chestnut heartwoods 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Complex \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e-glucosidic ellagitannins 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Biosynthesis of \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e-glucosidic ellagitannins 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Chemical reactivity of vescalagin and castalagin 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Diastereofacial differentiation of the vescalagin-derived benzylic cation 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Implications of \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e-glucosidic ellagitannins in wine chemistry 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Hemisynthesis of acutissimins and their occurrence in wine 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Condensation reaction between vescalagin and glutathione 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Hemisynthesis of anthocyano-ellagitannins: possible influence on wine color 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Oxidative conversion of acutissimin A into mongolicain A 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Biological activity of \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e-glucosidic ellagitannins 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Antiviral activity of \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e-glucosidic ellagitannins 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Antitumor activity of \u003ci\u003eC\u003c\/i\u003e-glucosidic ellagitannins 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Conclusion 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Acknowledgments 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 References 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Strategies to Optimize the Flavonoid Content of Tomato Fruit\u003c\/b\u003e 138\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eArnaud G. Bovy, Victoria Gómez-Roldán, and Robert D. Hall\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The metabolic route to flavonoids in tomato fruit 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 The natural biodiversity of flavonoids in tomato 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Flavonoid biodiversity I: commercially available genotypes 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Flavonoid biodiversity II: wild tomato species 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Flavonoid biodiversity III: information from specific tomato mutants 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Metabolic engineering of the flavonoid pathway 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Exploitation of the transgenic approach using up regulation of structural genes 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Using RNAi to block targeted steps in the flavonoid pathway 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Production of novel tomato flavonoids by introducing new branches of the flavonoid pathway: flavonoid-related stilbenes 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Production of novel tomato flavonoids by introducing new branches of the flavonoid pathway: deoxychalcones 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.5 Production of novel tomato flavonoids by introducing new branches of the flavonoid pathway: flavones, isofl avones, and aurones 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.6 Modifying the flavonoid pathway using regulatory genes 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Metabolomics-assisted breeding 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusions and future prospects 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Acknowledgments 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 References 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Biological Activity of Phenolics in Plant Cells\u003c\/b\u003e 163\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLuc P.R. Bidel, Marc Coumans, Yves Baissac, Patrick Doumas, and Christian Jay-Allemand\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Synthesis and transports 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Metabolic channeling at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) level 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Endomembrane carriers 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Vesicle trafficking 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Long-distance transport 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Phenolics interact with plasmalemma components 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Biophysical interactions with phospholipid bilayers 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Interactions with plasma membrane-associated proteins 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Flavonoids prevent and alleviate oxidative burst 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Phenolics modulate plasma membrane carriers 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Phenolics in apoplast 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Phenolics as a major player in mechanical tissue rigidification 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Phenolics as major components of apoplastic chemical protection 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Phenolics as apoplastic allelochemical signals 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Phenolics in hyaloplasm 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Phenolics interact with cytoskeleton 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Phenolics inhibit carbohydrate catabolism 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Many fl avonoids prevent and alleviate oxidative and nitrosative stresses 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Salicylic acid promotes oxidative stress signaling pathway 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Phenolics in vacuoles 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Sunscreen role for vacuolar phenolics 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Are vacuolar phenolics effective buffers? 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Are vacuolar phenolics effective chelators? 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Phenolics in mitochondria and chloroplasts 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.1 Inhibitory effects 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.2 Protecting effects 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7.3 Putative phenolic photoreceptors 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Phenolics have many emergent roles within the nucleus 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Presence of phenolics within the nucleus 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 Flavonoids prevent DNA damages 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.3 Prooxidative actions of phenolics on DNA 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.4 Flavonoids affect histone acetylation and phosphorylation 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.5 Flavonoids inhibit DNA methylation 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.6 Phenolics affect cell cycle 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.7 Phenolics inhibit replication 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.8 Phenolics promote or repress transcription 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Conclusion 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 References 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Muriel Wheldale Onslow and the Rediscovery of Anthocyanin Function in Plants\u003c\/b\u003e 206\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eKevin S. Gould\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1 Muriel Wheldale Onslow: a brief biography 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Functional hypotheses for anthocyanins in vegetative tissues 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 A modern spin on some old ideas 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Photoprotection revisited 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Anthocyanins, sugars, and autumn leaves 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Concluding remarks 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Acknowledgments 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 References 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Plant Phenolic Compounds Controlling Leaf Movement\u003c\/b\u003e 226\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMinoru Ueda and Yoko Nakamura\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Endogenous bioactive substance controlling nyctinasty 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The chemical mechanism of the rhythm in nyctinasty 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Bioorganic studies of nyctinasty using functionalized leaf-movement\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efactors as molecular probes 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Fluorescence studies on nyctinasty 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Photoaffinity labeling of the target protein for the leaf-movement factor 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Are leaf-movement target proteins common to the same plant genus? 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 References 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Red Clover Derived Isoflavones: Metabolism and Physiological Effects in Cattle and Sheep and their Concentration in Milk Produced for Human Consumption 238\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJuhani Taponen, Eeva A. Mustonen, Lea Kontio, Ilkka Saastamoinen, Aila Vanhatalo, Hannu Saloniemi, and Kristiina Wähälä\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Phytoestrogens in ruminant feeds 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Red clover as a source of isoflavones 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Metabolism of isofl avones in ruminants 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Equol: the most important metabolite 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Physiological effects and regulatory mechanisms of endogenous estrogens 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Effects of phytoestrogens in sheep reproduction 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.1 Classical clover disease 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.2 Temporary subfertility 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7.3 Permanent infertility 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Effects of phytoestrogens in cattle reproduction 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Antioxidant capacity of isoflavones 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 New outlook 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 References 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Polyphenols as Biomarkers in Nutrition Research: Resveratrol Metabolome a Useful Nutritional Marker of Moderate Wine Consumption\u003c\/b\u003e 255\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRaul Zamora-Ros and Cristina Andrés-Lacueva\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Characteristics of nutritional biomarkers 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Strengths and limitations of biological biomarkers over dietary estimation 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Resveratrol: a useful biomarker of wine consumption 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 References 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Translation of Chemical Properties of Polyphenols into Biological Activity with Impact on Human Health\u003c\/b\u003e 269\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJoão Laranjinha\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Polyphenols as antioxidants: the earlier notions 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 The infl uence of redox potentials 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Redox cycles of polyphenols with vitamins E and C: the influence of solubility 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Beyond “global” antioxidation: alternate biological activities for polyphenols with impact on human health 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Modulation of redox signaling pathways 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Modulation of nitric oxide metabolism 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 References 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Mitigation of Oxidative Stress and Infl ammatory Signaling by Fruit and Walnut Polyphenols: Implications for Cognitive Aging 283\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJames A. Joseph, Barbara Shukitt-Hale, and Lauren M. Willis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Oxidative stress\/infl ammatory interactions 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Oxidative stress 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Inflammation 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Intracellular signaling 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Calcium buffering capacity 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5 Neurogenesis 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.6 Membrane changes 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Nutritional interventions 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Fruit polyphenols as neuroprotective agents 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognition: animal studies 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 References 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Antiatherosclerotic Effects of Dietary Flavonoids: Insight into their Molecular Action Mechanism at the Target Site\u003c\/b\u003e 299\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJunji Terao, Kaeko Murota, and Yoshichika Kawai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Flavonoids in the diet and their antioxidant\/prooxidant activity 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Absorption and metabolism of dietary flavonoids in the digestive system 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Oxidative LDL theory and antioxidant activity of fl avonoids in plasma 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Antioxidant and “beyond” antioxidant activity of flavonoids in the artery 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Activated macrophages as potential targets of dietary flavonoids as antiatherosclerotic factors 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Conclusion 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 References 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eIndex\u003c\/i\u003e 319\u003c\/p\u003e  Celestino Santos-Buelga is Professor of Food Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Spain Maria Teresa Escribano-Bailon is Lecturer in Food Technology, Technical School of Zamora, University of Salamanca, Spain  \u003cp\u003eVincenzo Lattanzio is Professor of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Department of Agro- Environmental Sciences, Chemistry and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEdited by Celestino Santos-Buelga, Maria Teresa Escribano-Bailon and Vincenzo Lattanzio\u003c\/p\u003e  Plant phenolics are secondary metabolites that constitute one of the most common and widespread groups of substances in plants. Polyphenols have a large and diverse array of beneficial effects on both plants and animals. For example they are famous as antioxidants, hormones, constituents of essential oils and natural neurotransmitters.  \u003cp\u003eSponsored by Groupe Polyphenols, this publication, which is the second volume in this ground-breaking series, is edited by Professor Fouad Daayf and Professor Vincenzo Lattanzio, who have drawn together an impressive list of internationally respected authors, each providing cutting edge chapters covering some of the major topics of recent research and interest.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation included in this important new addition to the series include the following areas: flavonoid chemistry of the leguminosae, an update of chemical pathways leading to new phenolic pigments during wine ageing, the translation of chemical properties of polyphenols into biological activity with impacts in human health, plant phenolic compounds controlling leaf movement, and a summary of biological activity of phenolics in plants.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemists, biochemists, plant scientists, pharmacognosists and pharmacologists, food scientists and nutritionists will all find this book an invaluable resource. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies on their shelves.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989924331749,"sku":"NP9781405193993","price":246.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781405193993.jpg?v=1761785928","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/recent-advances-in-polyphenol-research-volume-2-isbn-9781405193993","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}