{"product_id":"reason-and-less-isbn-9780262045476","title":"Reason and Less","description":"\u003cb\u003eA new, biologically driven model of human behavior in which reason is tethered to the evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eReason and Less\u003c\/i\u003e, Vinod Goel explains the workings of the tethered mind. Reason does not float on top of our biology but is tethered to evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. After describing the conceptual and neuroanatomical basis of each system, Goel shows how they interact to generate a blended response. Goel’s commonsense account drives human behavior back into the biology, where it belongs, and provides a richer set of tools for understanding how we pursue food, sex, and politics.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eGoel takes the reader on a journey through psychology (cognitive, behavioral, developmental, and evolutionary), neuroscience, philosophy, ethology, economics, and political science to explain the workings of the tethered mind. One key insight that holds everything together is that feelings—generated in old, widely conserved brain stem structures—are evolution’s solution to initiating and selecting all behaviors, and provide the common currency for the different systems to interact. Reason is as much about feelings as are lust and the taste of chocolate cake. All systems contribute to behavior and the overall control structure is one that maximizes pleasure and minimizes displeasure. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eTethered rationality has some sobering and challenging implications for such real-world human behaviors as climate change denial, Trumpism, racism, or sexism. They cannot be changed simply by targeting beliefs but will require more drastic measures, the nature of which depends on the specific behavior in question. Having an accurate model of human behavior is the crucial first step.\u003cbr\u003e Preface xi\u003cbr\u003eAcknowledgements xiii\u003cbr\u003eI The Rational Animal\u003cbr\u003e1 Food, Sex, Politics, and the Rational Animal 3\u003cbr\u003e2 The Enigma of Rationality: Fallen Angel or Risen Ape? 27\u003cbr\u003eII Kinds of Minds \u003cbr\u003e3 Reflexes, Homeostasis, and the Autonomic Mind 41\u003cbr\u003e4 The Instinctive Mind 49\u003cbr\u003e5 The Associative Mind: More than Instincts, Less than Reason 71\u003cbr\u003e6 The Reasoning Mind: Propositional Attitudes and Coherence 95\u003cbr\u003eIII Reasoning with the Cognitive Mind\u003cbr\u003e7 Logical Inference: Heuristic and Analytical Systems 125\u003cbr\u003e8 Conceptual Inference in the Real World: From Science to Politics 143\u003cbr\u003eIV The Tethered Mind \u003cbr\u003e9 The Instinctive Mind Resurrected: Modularity, Reciprocity, and Blended Response 161\u003cbr\u003e10 Kinds of Brains: Of Mice, Monkeys, and Men 191\u003cbr\u003e11 Feelings: Chocolate, Lust, and Coherence 221\u003cbr\u003e12 Control Structures: Who Is in Charge of the Tethered Mind? 253\u003cbr\u003eV What Color Is Your Bubble? Why Changing Minds Is Hard\u003cbr\u003e13 When Failures of Belief Revision Are Less than Motivated Reasoning or Sloppy Reasoning 281\u003cbr\u003e14 Global Belief Revision Is Constrained by Neural Maturation 309\u003cbr\u003eVI What Follows from the Tethered Mind? \u003cbr\u003e15 Concerns, Consequences, and Conclusions 331\u003cbr\u003eNotes 341\u003cbr\u003eBibliography 353\u003cbr\u003eIndex 403“There are few people who have thought more deeply about human cognition and reasoning than Vinod Goel. In his latest book Vinod develops a stimulating new ‘tethered rationality’ perspective and explores fascinating implications for a range of pressing real-world challenges.”\u003cbr\u003e—\u003cb\u003eWim De Neys, CNRS Research Director, University of Paris\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e“Vinod Goel’s \u003ci\u003eReason and Less\u003c\/i\u003e is a brilliant and incisive exposé of the cognitive, emotional, and neurobiological foundation for rational thinking. Professor Goel’s personal writing style and his examples of rational and irrational thought thoroughly enhanced my reading experience. I highly recommend this book for anyone who wants to understand the roots of rational thinking and how it influences our politics, law, and everyday behavior.”\u003cbr\u003e—\u003cb\u003eJordan Grafman, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University\u003c\/b\u003eVinod Goel is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at York University in Toronto and the author of \u003ci\u003eSketches of Thought\u003c\/i\u003e (MIT Press).","brand":"The MIT Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46305357463781,"sku":"NP9780262045476","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780262045476.jpg?v=1767735489","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/reason-and-less-isbn-9780262045476","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}