{"product_id":"quantum-wells-wires-and-dots-isbn-9781118923368","title":"Quantum Wells, Wires and Dots","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eQuantum Wells, Wires and Dots\u003c\/i\u003e provides all the essential information, both theoretical and computational, to develop an understanding of the electronic, optical and transport properties of these semiconductor nanostructures. The book will lead the reader through comprehensive explanations and mathematical derivations to the point where they can design semiconductor nanostructures with the required electronic and optical properties for exploitation in these technologies.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis fully revised and updated 4th edition features new sections that incorporate modern techniques and extensive new material including:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eProperties of non-parabolic energy bands\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMatrix solutions of the Poisson and Schrödinger equations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCritical thickness of strained materials\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCarrier scattering by interface roughness, alloy disorder and impurities\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDensity matrix transport modelling\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eThermal modelling\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten by well-known authors in the field of semiconductor nanostructures and quantum optoelectronics, this user-friendly guide is presented in a lucid style with easy to follow steps, illustrative examples and questions and computational problems in each chapter to help the reader build solid foundations of understanding to a level where they can initiate their own theoretical investigations. Suitable for postgraduate students of semiconductor and condensed matter physics, the book is essential to all those researching in academic and industrial laboratories worldwide.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInstructors can contact the authors directly (\u003ca href=\"mailto:p.harrison@shu.ac.uk\"\u003ep.harrison@shu.ac.uk\u003c\/a\u003e \/ \u003ca href=\"mailto:a.valavanis@leeds.ac.uk\"\u003ea.valavanis@leeds.ac.uk\u003c\/a\u003e) for Solutions to the problems.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDedication iii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences xxiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Semiconductors and heterostructures 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 The mechanics of waves 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Crystal structure 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The effective mass approximation 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Band theory 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Heterojunctions 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Heterostructures 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 The envelope function approximation 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Band non-parabolicity 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 The reciprocal lattice 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Solutions to Schrödinger’s equation 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 The infinite well 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 In-plane dispersion 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Extension to include band non-parabolicity 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Density of states 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Density-of-states effective mass 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Two-dimensional systems 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Subband populations 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 Populations in non-parabolic subbands 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Calculation of quasi-Fermi energy 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Thermalised distributions 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Finite well with constant mass 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Unbound states 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.2 Effective mass mismatch at heterojunctions 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.3 The infinite barrier height and mass limits 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Extension to multiple-well systems 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 The asymmetric single quantum well 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Addition of an electric field 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 The infinite superlattice 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 The single barrier 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 The double barrier 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14 Extension to include electric field 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15 Magnetic fields and Landau quantisation 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.16 In summary 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Numerical solutions 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Bisection root-finding 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Newton–Raphson root finding 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Numerical differentiation 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Discretised Schrödinger equation 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Shooting method 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Generalized initial conditions 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Practical implementation of the shooting method 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Heterojunction boundary conditions 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Matrix solutions of the discretised Schrödinger equation 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 The parabolic potential well 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 The Pöschl–Teller potential hole 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Convergence tests 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13 Extension to variable effective mass 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14 The double quantum well 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.15 Multiple quantum wells and finite superlattices 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16 Addition of electric field 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17 Extension to include variable permittivity 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.18 Quantum confined Stark effect 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.19 Field–induced anti-crossings 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.20 Symmetry and selection rules 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.21 The Heisenberg uncertainty principle 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.22 Extension to include band non-parabolicity 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.23 Poisson’s equation 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.24 Matrix solution of Poisson’s equation 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.25 Self-consistent Schrödinger–Poisson solution 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.26 Modulation doping 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.27 The high-electron-mobility transistor 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.28 Band filling 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Diffusion 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Theory 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Boundary conditions 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Convergence tests 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Numerical stability 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Constant diffusion coefficients 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Concentration dependent diffusion coefficient 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Depth dependent diffusion coefficient 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Time dependent diffusion coefficient 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 δ-doped quantum wells 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Extension to higher dimensions 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Impurities 145\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Donors and acceptors in bulk material 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Binding energy in a heterostructure 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Two-dimensional trial wave function 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Three-dimensional trial wave function 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Variable-symmetry trial wave function 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Inclusion of a central cell correction 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Special considerations for acceptors 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Effective mass and dielectric mismatch 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Band non-parabolicity 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Excited states 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Application to spin-flip Raman spectroscopy 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.1 Diluted magnetic semiconductors 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11.2 Spin-flip Raman spectroscopy 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Alternative approach to excited impurity states 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13 The ground state 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14 Position dependence 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.15 Excited states 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.16 Impurity occupancy statistics 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Excitons 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Excitons in bulk 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Excitons in heterostructures 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Exciton binding energies 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 1s exciton 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 The two-dimensional and three-dimensional limits 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Excitons in single quantum wells 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Excitons in multiple quantum wells 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Stark ladders 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Self-consistent effects 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 2s exciton 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Strained quantum wells 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Stress and strain in bulk crystals 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Strain in quantum wells 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Critical thickness of layers 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Strain balancing 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Effect on the band profile of quantum wells 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 The piezoelectric effect 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Induced piezoelectric fields in quantum wells 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Effect of piezoelectric fields on quantum wells 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Simple models of quantum wires and dots 241\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Further confinement 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Schrödinger’s equation in quantum wires 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Infinitely deep rectangular wires 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Simple approximation to a finite rectangular wire 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Circular cross-section wire 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Quantum boxes 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Spherical quantum dots 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Non-zero angular momentum states 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Approaches to pyramidal dots 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Matrix approaches 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11 Finite difference expansions 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.12 Density of states 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Quantum dots 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 0-dimensional systems and their experimental realization 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Cuboidal dots 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Dots of arbitrary shape 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Convergence tests 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Efficiency 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Optimization 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Application to real problems 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 InAs\/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Working assumptions 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Results 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Concluding remarks 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 A more complex model is not always a better model 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Carrier scattering 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Fermi’s Golden Rule 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Extension to sinusoidal perturbations 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Averaging over two-dimensional carrier distributions 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Phonons 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Longitudinal optic phonon scattering of two-dimensional carriers 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Application to conduction subbands 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Mean intersubband LO phonon scattering rate 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Ratio of emission to absorption 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Screening of the LO phonon interaction 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Acoustic deformation potential scattering 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12 Application to conduction subbands 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.13 Optical deformation potential scattering 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.14 Confined and interface phonon modes 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.15 Carrier–carrier scattering 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.16 Addition of screening 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.17 Mean intersubband carrier–carrier scattering rate 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.18 Computational implementation 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.19 Intrasubband versus intersubband 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.20 Thermalized distributions 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.21 Auger-type intersubband processes 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.22 Asymmetric intrasubband processes 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.23 Empirical relationships 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.24 A generalised expression for scattering of two-dimensional carriers 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.25 Impurity scattering 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.26 Alloy disorder scattering 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.27 Alloy disorder scattering in quantum wells 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.28 Interface roughness scattering 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.29 Interface roughness scattering in quantum wells 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.30 Carrier scattering in quantum wires and dots 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Optical properties of quantum wells 367\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Carrier–photon scattering 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Spontaneous emission lifetime 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Intersubband absorption in quantum wells 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Bound–bound transitions 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Bound–free transitions 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Rectangular quantum well 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Intersubband optical non-linearities 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Electric polarization 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Intersubband second harmonic generation 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Maximization of resonant susceptibility 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Carrier transport 393\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Quantum cascade lasers 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Realistic quantum cascade laser 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Rate equations 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Self-consistent solution of the rate equations 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Calculation of the current density 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Phonon and carrier–carrier scattering transport 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Electron temperature 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Calculation of the gain 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 QCLs, QWIPs, QDIPs and other methods 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Density matrix approaches 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.1 Time evolution of the density matrix 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11.2 Density matrix modelling of terahertz QCLs 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Optical waveguides 423\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction to optical waveguides 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Optical waveguide analysis 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 The wave equation 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 The transfer matrix method 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 Guided modes in multi-layer waveguides 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Optical properties of materials 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Semiconductors 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Influence of free-carriers 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Carrier mobility model 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Influence of doping 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Application to waveguides of laser devices 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 Double heterostructure laser waveguide 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 Quantum cascade laser waveguides 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Thermal properties of waveguides 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 The heat equation 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Material properties 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.1 Thermal conductivity 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7.2 Specific heat capacity 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Finite difference approximation to the heat equation 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Steady-state solution of the heat equation 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Time-resolved solution 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.11 Simplified RC thermal models 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Multiband envelope function (k.p) method 465\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Symmetry, basis states and band structure 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Valence band structure and the 6 × 6 Hamiltonian 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 4 × 4 valence band Hamiltonian 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Complex band structure 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Block-diagonalization of the Hamiltonian 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 The valence band in strained cubic semiconductors 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Hole subbands in heterostructures 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Valence band offset 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 The layer (transfer matrix) method 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 Quantum well subbands 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.11 The influence of strain 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12 Strained quantum well subbands 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.13 Direct numerical methods 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Empirical pseudo-potential bandstructure 487\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Principles and approximations 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Elemental band structure calculation 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Spin–orbit coupling 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Compound semiconductors 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Charge densities 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Calculating the effective mass 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Alloys 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Atomic form factors 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Generalization to a large basis 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 Spin–orbit coupling within the large basis approach 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.11 Computational implementation 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.12 Deducing the parameters and application 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.13 Isoelectronic impurities in bulk 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.14 The electronic structure around point defects 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Pseudo-potential calculations of nanostructures 523\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 The superlattice unit cell 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Application of large basis method to superlattices 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Comparison with envelope function approximation 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 In-plane dispersion 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Interface coordination 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Strain-layered superlattices 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 The superlattice as a perturbation 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Application to GaAs\/AlAs superlattices 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Inclusion of remote bands 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 The valence band 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11 Computational effort 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.12 Superlattice dispersion and the interminiband laser 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.13 Addition of electric field 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.14 Application of the large basis method to quantum wires 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.15 Confined states 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.16 Application of the large basis method to tiny quantum dots 552\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.17 Pyramidal quantum dots 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.18 Transport through dot arrays 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.19 Recent progress 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExercises 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcluding remarks 559\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Materials parameters 561\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eB Introduction to the simulation tools 563\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 Documentation and support 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 Installation and dependencies 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3 Simulation programs 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.4 Introduction to scripting 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.5 Example calculations 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProfessor Paul Harrison\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter his first degree in physics at the University of Hull, Paul decided to pursue an academic career because of his wish to share the love of his subject with students. With that in mind Paul did a a PhD in computational physics at the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and then returned to Hull in 1991 to work as a postdoctoral researcher assistant in the Applied Physics department. After four successful years Paul had built his CV up to the level to obtain a five-year research fellowship in 1995 in the School of Electronic \u0026amp; Electrical Engineering at the University of Leeds. This was a strategic move by the University of Leeds to hire early-career researchers and develop them into independent research leaders. The fellowship gave Paul the time to invest heavily in his own research portfolio and Paul built up a group of research students and postdocs, a strong publications track record and an international reputation in theory and design of semiconductor optoelectronic devices.\u003cbr\u003eAt the end of his fellowship Paul was promoted to Reader in 2000 and subsequently Professor of Quantum Electronics in 2002. The following year Paul was nominated by the staff to be Head of the School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, rated 5* in the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise. Under his leadership the school continued to develop its research portfolio and worked as a team to push on with its research strategy: subsequently rewarded by being ranked top of its unit of assessment in the 2008 RAE.\u003cbr\u003ePaul was promoted to Dean of Postgraduate Research Studies in 2011, a university-wide portfolio to develop postgraduate research as part of the overall university strategy. This included responsibility for developing research funding for postgraduate students, marketing, recruitment, admissions and progression, improving submission and completion rates, harmonising processes and improving the student experience across campus. Paul joined Sheffield Hallam University as Pro Vice-Chancellor for Research and Innovation at the start of 2014.\u003cbr\u003eOver his career, Paul has co-authored nearly 300 journal articles, written two books, successfully supervised 16 students to PhD, raised £3m of research funding and Google Scholar gives him a h-index of 33.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDr Alex Valavanis\u003c\/b\u003e (MIET) received his MEng (Hons) degree in Electronic Engineering from the University of York and his PhD degree in Electronic and Electrical Engineering from the University of Leeds in 2004 and 2009 respectively.\u003cbr\u003eFrom 2004–2005 he worked with STFC Daresbury Laboratories, Cheshire, developing X-ray detector systems. From 2005–2009, his PhD with the Quantum Electronics Group in the School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, focused on the development of numerical simulations, in C\/C++, of quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) in the silicon–germanium material system. Since 2009, he has worked in the Terahertz (THz) Photonics Laboratory within the same institute, developing new THz imaging and sensing techniques.\u003cbr\u003eDr Valavanis holds full membership of the IET, and has received awards including the BNFL Peter Wilson Award (2009) for Materials Engineering, the GW Carter prize (2008) for best publication by a PhD student and the FW Carter prize (2009) for best PhD thesis within the School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989899591909,"sku":"NP9781118923368","price":70.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118923368.jpg?v=1761785843","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/quantum-wells-wires-and-dots-isbn-9781118923368","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}