{"product_id":"principles-of-communications-isbn-9781118078914","title":"Principles of Communications","description":"\u003cp\u003eZiemer and Tranter provide a thorough treatment of the principles of communications at the physical layer suitable for college seniors, beginning graduate students, and practicing engineers. This is accomplished by providing overviews of the necessary background in signal, system, probability, and random process theory required for the analog and digital communications topics covered in the book. In addition to stressing fundamental concepts, the seventh edition features sections on important areas such as spread spectrum, cellular communications, and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. While the book is aimed at a two-semester course, more than enough material is provided for structuring courses according to students need and instructor preference.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eINTRODUCTION 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 The Block Diagram of a Communication System 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Channel Characteristics 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Noise Sources 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Types of Transmission Channels 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Summary of Systems-Analysis Techniques 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Time and Frequency-Domain Analyses 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Modulation and Communication Theories 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Probabilistic Approaches to System Optimization 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Statistical Signal Detection and EstimationTheory 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Information Theory and Coding 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Recent Advances 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Preview of This Book 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eSIGNAL AND LINEAR SYSTEM ANALYSIS 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Signal Models 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.1 Deterministic and Random Signals 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.2 Periodic and Aperiodic Signals 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.3 Phasor Signals and Spectra 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1.4 Singularity Functions 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Signal Classifications 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Fourier Series 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Complex Exponential Fourier Series 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Symmetry Properties of the Fourier Coefficients 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Trigonometric Form of the Fourier Series 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Parseval’s Theorem 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Examples of Fourier Series 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.6 Line Spectra 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 The Fourier Transform 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Amplitude and Phase Spectra 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Symmetry Properties 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Energy Spectral Density 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Convolution 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5 Transform Theorems: Proofs and Applications 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.6 Fourier Transforms of Periodic Signals 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.7 Poisson Sum Formula 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Power Spectral Density and Correlation 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1 The Time-Average Autocorrelation Function 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2 Properties of \u003ci\u003e𝑅\u003c\/i\u003e(\u003ci\u003e𝜏\u003c\/i\u003e) 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Signals and Linear Systems 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Definition of a Linear Time-Invariant System 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Impulse Response and the SuperpositionIntegral 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Stability 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 Transfer (Frequency Response) Function 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.5 Causality 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.6 Symmetry Properties of \u003ci\u003e𝐻\u003c\/i\u003e(\u003ci\u003e𝑓\u003c\/i\u003e) 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.7 Input-Output Relationships for Spectral Densities 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.8 Response to Periodic Inputs 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.9 Distortionless Transmission 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.10 Group and Phase Delay 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.11 Nonlinear Distortion 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.12 Ideal Filters 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.13 Approximation of Ideal Lowpass Filters by Realizable Filters 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.14 Relationship of Pulse Resolution and Risetime to Bandwidth 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Sampling Theory 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 The Hilbert Transform 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.1 Definition 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.2 Properties 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.3 Analytic Signals 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.4 Complex Envelope Representation of Bandpass Signals 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.5 Complex Envelope Representation of Bandpass Systems 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 The Discrete Fourier Transform and Fast Fourier Transform 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrill Problems 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Exercises 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eLINEAR MODULATION TECHNIQUES 112\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Double-Sideband Modulation 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Amplitude Modulation (AM) 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Envelope Detection 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 The Modulation Trapezoid 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Single-Sideband (SSB) Modulation 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Vestigial-Sideband (VSB) Modulation 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Frequency Translation and Mixing 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Interference in Linear Modulation 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Pulse Amplitude Modulation---PAM 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Digital Pulse Modulation 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.1 Delta Modulation 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.2 Pulse-Code Modulation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.3 Time-Division Multiplexing 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8.4 An Example: The Digital Telephone System 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrill Problems 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Exercises 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eANGLE MODULATION AND\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eMULTIPLEXING 156\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Phase and Frequency Modulation Defined 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Narrowband Angle Modulation 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.2 Spectrum of an Angle-Modulated Signal 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.3 Power in an Angle-Modulated Signal 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.4 Bandwidth of Angle-Modulated Signals 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.5 Narrowband-to-Wideband Conversion 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Demodulation of Angle-Modulated Signals 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Feedback Demodulators: The Phase-Locked Loop 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Phase-Locked Loops for FM and PM Demodulation 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Phase-Locked Loop Operation in the Tracking Mode: The Linear Model 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Phase-Locked Loop Operation in the Acquisition Mode 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Costas PLLs 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Frequency Multiplication and Frequency Division 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Interference in Angle Modulation 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Analog Pulse Modulation 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Pulse-Position Modulation (PPM) 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Multiplexing 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Frequency-Division Multiplexing 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Example of FDM: Stereophonic FM Broadcasting 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Quadrature Multiplexing 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Comparison of Multiplexing Schemes 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrill Problems 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Exercises 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003ePRINCIPLES OF BASEBAND DIGITAL DATA\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eTRANSMISSION 215\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Baseband Digital Data Transmission Systems 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Line Codes and Their Power Spectra 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Description of Line Codes 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Power Spectra for Line-Coded Data 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Effects of Filtering of Digital Data---ISI 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Pulse Shaping: Nyquist’s Criterion for Zero ISI 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Pulses Having the Zero ISI Property 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Nyquist’s Pulse-Shaping Criterion 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Transmitter and Receiver Filters for Zero ISI 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Zero-Forcing Equalization 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Eye Diagrams 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Synchronization 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Carrier Modulation of Baseband Digital Signals 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrill Problems 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Exercises 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eOVERVIEW OF PROBABILITY AND RANDOM\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eVARIABLES 250\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 What is Probability? 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Equally Likely Outcomes 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Relative Frequency 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 Sample Spaces and the Axioms of Probability 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.4 Venn Diagrams 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.5 Some Useful Probability Relationships 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.6 Tree Diagrams 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.7 Some More General Relationships 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Random Variables and Related Functions 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Random Variables 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Probability (Cumulative) Distribution Functions 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Probability-Density Function 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Joint cdfs and pdfs 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Transformation of Random Variables 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Statistical Averages 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Average of a Discrete Random Variable 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Average of a Continuous Random Variable 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Average of a Function of a Random Variable 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Average of a Function of More Than One Random Variable 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Variance of a Random Variable 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.6 Average of a Linear Combination of \u003ci\u003e𝑁\u003c\/i\u003eRandom Variables 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.7 Variance of a Linear Combination of Independent Random Variables 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.8 Another Special Average---The Characteristic Function 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.9 The pdf of the Sum of Two Independent Random Variables 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.10 Covariance and the Correlation Coefficient 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Some Useful pdfs 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Binomial Distribution 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Laplace Approximation to the Binomial Distribution 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Poisson Distribution and Poisson Approximation to the Binomial Distribution 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Geometric Distribution 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.5 Gaussian Distribution 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.6 Gaussian \u003ci\u003e𝑄\u003c\/i\u003e-Function 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.7 Chebyshev’s Inequality 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.8 Collection of Probability Functions and Their Means and Variances 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrill Problems 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Exercises 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eRANDOM SIGNALS AND NOISE 308\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 A Relative-Frequency Description of Random Processes 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Some Terminology of Random Processes 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Sample Functions and Ensembles 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Description of Random Processes in Terms of Joint pdfs 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Stationarity 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Partial Description of Random Processes: Ergodicity 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.5 Meanings of Various Averages for Ergodic Processes 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Correlation and Power Spectral Density 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Power Spectral Density 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 The Wiener--Khinchine Theorem 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Properties of the Autocorrelation Function 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Autocorrelation Functions for Random Pulse Trains 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Cross-Correlation Function and Cross-Power Spectral Density 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Linear Systems and Random Processes 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Input-Output Relationships 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Filtered Gaussian Processes 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Noise-Equivalent Bandwidth 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Narrowband Noise 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Quadrature-Component and Envelope-Phase Representation 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 The Power Spectral Density Function of \u003ci\u003e𝑛\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e𝑐\u003c\/i\u003e(\u003ci\u003e𝑡\u003c\/i\u003e) and\u003ci\u003e𝑛\u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003e𝑠\u003c\/i\u003e(\u003ci\u003e𝑡\u003c\/i\u003e) 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Ricean Probability Density Function 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrill Problems 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Exercises 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eNOISE IN MODULATION SYSTEMS 349\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratios 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Baseband Systems 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Double-Sideband Systems 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Single-Sideband Systems 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.4 Amplitude Modulation Systems 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.5 An Estimator for Signal-to-Noise Ratios 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Noise and Phase Errors in Coherent Systems 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Noise in Angle Modulation 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 The Effect of Noise on the Receiver Input 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Demodulation of PM 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Demodulation of FM: Above Threshold Operation 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Performance Enhancement through the Use ofDe-emphasis 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Threshold Effect in FM Demodulation 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Threshold Effects in FM Demodulators 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Noise in Pulse-Code Modulation 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Postdetection SNR 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Companding 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrill Problems 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Exercises 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003ePRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eIN NOISE 396\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Baseband Data Transmission in White Gaussian Noise 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Binary Synchronous Data Transmission with Arbitrary Signal Shapes 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Receiver Structure and Error Probability 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 The Matched Filter 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Error Probability for the Matched-Filter Receiver 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Correlator Implementation of the Matched-Filter Receiver 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.5 Optimum Threshold 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.6 Nonwhite (Colored) Noise Backgrounds 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.7 Receiver Implementation Imperfections 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.8 Error Probabilities for Coherent Binary Signaling 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Modulation Schemes not Requiring Coherent References 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK) 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Differential Encoding and Decoding of Data 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Noncoherent FSK 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 \u003ci\u003eM\u003c\/i\u003e-ary Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Comparison of Digital Modulation Systems 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Noise Performance of Zero-ISI Digital Data Transmission Systems 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Multipath Interference 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Fading Channels 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.1 Basic Channel Models 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8.2 Flat-Fading Channel Statistics and Error Probabilities 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Equalization 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9.1 Equalization by Zero-Forcing 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9.2 Equalization by MMSE 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9.3 Tap Weight Adjustment 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrill Problems 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Exercises 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eADVANCED DATA COMMUNICATIONS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eTOPICS 477\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 \u003ci\u003eM\u003c\/i\u003e-ary Data Communications Systems 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1 \u003ci\u003eM\u003c\/i\u003e-ary Schemes Based on Quadrature Multiplexing 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2 OQPSK Systems 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3 MSK Systems 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.4 \u003ci\u003eM\u003c\/i\u003e-ary Data Transmission in Terms of Signal Space 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.5 QPSK in Terms of Signal Space 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.6 \u003ci\u003eM\u003c\/i\u003e-ary Phase-Shift Keying 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.7 Quadrature-Amplitude Modulation (QAM) 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.8 Coherent FSK 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.9 Noncoherent FSK 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.10 Differentially Coherent Phase-Shift Keying 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.11 Bit Error Probability from Symbol Error Probability 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.12 Comparison of \u003ci\u003eM\u003c\/i\u003e-ary Communications Systems on the Basis of Bit Error Probability 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.13 Comparison of \u003ci\u003eM\u003c\/i\u003e-ary Communications Systems on the Basis of Bandwidth Efficiency 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Power Spectra for Digital Modulation 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Quadrature Modulation Techniques 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 FSK Modulation 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Summary 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Synchronization 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Carrier Synchronization 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Symbol Synchronization 520\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Word Synchronization 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Pseudo-Noise (PN) Sequences 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Performance of DSSS in CW Interference Environments 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Performance of Spread Spectrum in Multiple User Environments 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Frequency-Hop Spread Spectrum 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.5 Code Synchronization 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.6 Conclusion 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Multicarrier Modulation and Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Cellular Radio Communication Systems 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Basic Principles of Cellular Radio 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Channel Perturbations in Cellular Radio 550\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Systems---Protection Against Fading 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4 Characteristics of 1G and 2G Cellular Systems 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.5 Characteristics of cdma2000 and W-CDMA 553\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.6 Migration to 4G 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrill Problems 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Exercises 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPTIMUM RECEIVERS AND SIGNAL-SPACE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eCONCEPTS 564\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Bayes Optimization 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Signal Detection versus Estimation 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Optimization Criteria 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Bayes Detectors 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.4 Performance of Bayes Detectors 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.5 The Neyman-Pearson Detector 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.6 Minimum Probability of Error Detectors 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.7 The Maximum \u003ci\u003ea Posteriori \u003c\/i\u003e(MAP) Detector 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.8 Minimax Detectors 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.9 The \u003ci\u003eM\u003c\/i\u003e-ary Hypothesis Case 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.10 Decisions Based on Vector Observations 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Vector Space Representation of Signals 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Structure of Signal Space 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Scalar Product 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Norm 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Schwarz’s Inequality 576\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Scalar Product of Two Signals in Terms of Fourier Coefficients 578\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6 Choice of Basis Function Sets---The Gram--Schmidt Procedure 579\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.7 Signal Dimensionality as a Function of Signal Duration 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Map Receiver for Digital Data Transmission 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Decision Criteria for Coherent Systems in Terms of Signal Space 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Sufficient Statistics 589\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.3 Detection of\u003ci\u003e𝑀\u003c\/i\u003e-ary Orthogonal Signals 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.4 A Noncoherent Case 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Estimation Theory 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1 Bayes Estimation 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2 Maximum-Likelihood Estimation 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3 Estimates Based onMultiple Observations 599\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4 Other Properties of ML Estimates 601\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.5 Asymptotic Qualities of ML Estimates 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Applications of Estimation Theory to Communications 602\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2 Estimation of Signal Phase: The PLL Revisited 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrill Problems 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Exercises 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHAPTER \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eINFORMATION THEORY AND CODING 615\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Basic Concepts 616\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1 Information 616\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2 Entropy 617\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.3 Discrete Channel Models 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.4 Joint and Conditional Entropy 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.5 Channel Capacity 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Source Coding 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 An Example of Source Coding 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Several Definitions 630\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Entropy of an Extended Binary Source 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Shannon--Fano Source Coding 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5 Huffman Source Coding 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Communication in Noisy Environments: Basic Ideas 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Communication in Noisy Channels: Block Codes 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Hamming Distances and Error Correction 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Single-Parity-Check Codes 638\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Repetition Codes 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Parity-Check Codes for Single Error Correction 640\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.5 Hamming Codes 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.6 Cyclic Codes 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.7 The Golay Code 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.8 Bose--Chaudhuri--Hocquenghem (BCH) Codes and Reed Solomon Codes 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.9 Performance Comparison Techniques 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.10 Block Code Examples 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Communication in Noisy Channels: Convolutional Codes 657\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Tree and Trellis Diagrams 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 The Viterbi Algorithm 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Performance Comparisons for Convolutional Codes 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Bandwidth and Power Efficient Modulation (TCM) 668\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Feedback Channels 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Modulation and Bandwidth Efficiency 676\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.1 Bandwidth and SNR 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8.2 Comparison of Modulation Systems 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Quick Overviews 679\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.1 Interleaving and Burst-Error Correction 679\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.2 Turbo Coding 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.3 Source Coding Examples 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.4 Digital Television 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 686\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 686\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrill Problems 688\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 688\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer Exercises 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAPPENDIX \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eA \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003ePHYSICAL NOISE SOURCES 693\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Physical Noise Sources 693\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.1 Thermal Noise 693\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.2 Nyquist’s Formula 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.3 Shot Noise 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.4 Other Noise Sources 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.5 Available Power 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.6 Frequency Dependence 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1.7 Quantum Noise 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2 Characterization of Noise in Systems 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.1 Noise Figure of a System 699\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.2 Measurement of Noise Figure 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.3 Noise Temperature 701\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.4 Effective Noise Temperature 702\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.5 Cascade of Subsystems 702\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.2.6 Attenuator Noise Temperature and Noise Figure 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.3 Free-Space Propagation Example 705\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAPPENDIX \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eB \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eJOINTLY GAUSSIAN RANDOM VARIABLES 710\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 The pdf 710\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 The Characteristic Function 711\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.3 Linear Transformations 711\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAPPENDIX \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eC \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003ePROOF OF THE NARROWBAND NOISE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eMODEL 712\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAPPENDIX \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eD \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eZERO-CROSSING AND ORIGIN ENCIRCLEMENT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eSTATISTICS 714\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.1 The Zero-Crossing Problem 714\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.2 Average Rate of Zero Crossings 716\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAPPENDIX \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eE \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHI-SQUARE STATISTICS 720\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAPPENDIX \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eF \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eMATHEMATICAL AND NUMERICAL TABLES 722\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.1 The Gaussian \u003ci\u003eQ\u003c\/i\u003e-Function 722\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.2 Trigonometric Identities 724\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.3 Series Expansions 724\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.4 Integrals 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.4.1 Indefinite 725\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.4.2 Definite 726\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.5 Fourier-Transform Pairs 727\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.6 Fourier-Transform Theorems 727\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAPPENDIX \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eG \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eANSWERS TO DRILL PROBLEMS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewww.wiley.com\/college\/ziemer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBIBLIOGRAPHY\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewww.wiley.com\/college\/ziemer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eINDEX 728\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDr. Rodger E. Ziemer\u003c\/b\u003e recieved his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Minnesota from 1960 to 1965. He joined the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs in 1984 as Chairman and Professor in the ECE Department. In conjunction, Dr. Ziemer worked as the Program director for Communications Research for the National Science Foundation from 1998 to 2001. In May of 2008 he was appointed Professor Emeritus.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWilliam H. Tranter\u003c\/b\u003e is the author of \u003ci\u003ePrinciples of Communications\u003c\/i\u003e, 7th Edition, published by Wiley.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989850996965,"sku":"NP9781118078914","price":194.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118078914.jpg?v=1761785671","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/principles-of-communications-isbn-9781118078914","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}