{"product_id":"principles-and-practice-of-variable-pressure-environmental-scanning-electron-microscopy-vp-esem-isbn-9780470065402","title":"Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure \/ Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP-ESEM)","description":"\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers a simple starting point to VPSEM, especially for new users, technicians and students containing clear, concise explanations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCrucially, the principles and applications outlined in this book are completely generic: i.e. applicable to all types of VPSEM, irrespective of manufacturer.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eInformation presented will enable reader to turn principles into practice\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePublished in association with the Royal Microscopical Society (RMS) -www.rms.org.uk\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003eVon ausführlichen Literaturhinweisen über die technischen Voraussetzungen der Rasterelektronentunnelmikroskopie geht der Text zur Beschreibung der Objektvorbereitung über. Die Kapitel im Hauptteil behandeln das Thema aus jeweils verschiedenen Fachgebieten: Physik, Materialwissenschaft, Biowissenschaften, industrielle Produktion von Lebensmitteln oder Kosmetika. Auch interdisziplinäre Ansätze werden beleuchtet.  \u003ch2\u003eContents\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1\u003c\/b\u003e -\u003cb\u003eA brief historical overview\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Scanning electron microscopy\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The development of imaging in a gas environment\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2\u003c\/b\u003e -\u003cb\u003ePrinciples of SEM\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Electron sources\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Electron optics\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ca id=\"_Toc444904955\" name=\"_Toc444904955\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca id=\"_Toc444500106\" name=\"_Toc444500106\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca id=\"_Toc444499835\" name=\"_Toc444499835\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca id=\"_Toc444497480\" name=\"_Toc444497480\"\u003e2.4 Signals and detection\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Practical aspects of electron beam irradiation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 the sem in operation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3\u003c\/b\u003e -\u003cb\u003eGeneral principles of VP-ESEM: utilising a\u003c\/b\u003e gas\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 VP-ESEM instrumentation\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Signal generation in a gas\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Imaging with water vapour \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4\u003c\/b\u003e -\u003cb\u003eImaging and analysis in the VP-ESEM: the influence of a gas\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Background to theoretical calculations \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Which gas?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Exploring the gas path length\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 How much gas?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 X-ray microanalysis in the VP-ESEM\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5\u003c\/b\u003e -\u003cb\u003eImaging uncoated specimens in the VP-ESEM\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 5.1 Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Electronic structure\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Factors affecting secondary electron emission\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 The influence of the specimen on the system\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Time- and temperature-dependent effects\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 imaging soft materials\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Effects of ions on imaging\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Imaging with a gas: summary\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6\u003c\/b\u003e -\u003cb\u003eA lab in a chamber – in situ methods in VP-ESEM and other applications\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e 6.1 Introduction\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Nanocharacterisation of insulating materials\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 In situ experiments\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Other applications\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDr Debbie Stokes\u003c\/b\u003e, Academic Visitor, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK and Director of MicroSci; Obtained her degree in polymers from Bristol University in 1994.\u003cbr\u003e In 1996 moved to Cavendish laboratory to do her Ph D on use of environmental SEM with Professor Athene Donald.\u003cbr\u003eIn 1999 became Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Research Fellow and a Junior Research Fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge, becoming a Senior Research Fellow in 2002.\u003cbr\u003eCurrently working at the Cavendish Laboratory funded by her consultancy business MicroSci.\u003c\/p\u003e  Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a technique of major importance and is widely used throughout the scientific and technological communities. The modern SEM is capable of resolution on the order of a few Angstroms (i.e. sub-nanometer), subject to the limits of electron-specimen interactions. However, for a long time it has been apparent that the high vacuum SEM needed to develop in respects other than increased resolution. Hence the advent of SEMs that utilise a gas for image formation while simultaneously providing charge stabilisation for electrically non-conductive specimens and\/or a suitable environment for materials and experiments involving  water.  \u003cp\u003eThis text outlines the principles and applications in a generic way, applicable to readers familiar with any of the types of VP-ESEM on the market, irrespective of manufacturer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book addresses various aspects of the topic in six chapters.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eChapter 1 - \u003cb\u003eA brief historical overview\u003c\/b\u003e contains background information charting the development and growth of the technique and its underlying principles\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eChapter 2 - \u003cb\u003ePrinciples of SEM\u003c\/b\u003e gives an overview of various aspects of the conventional high vacuum SEM, in preparation for later chapters covering the greater variety of operating conditions associated with the VP-ESEM\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eChapter 3 - \u003cb\u003eGeneral principles of VP-ESEM: utilising a\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003egas\u003c\/b\u003e reviews the basic scientific principles of signal formation and collection in a gaseous environment, including specimen stability as a function of water vapour pressure and\/or temperature.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eChapter 4 - \u003cb\u003eImaging and analysis in the VP-ESEM: the influence of a gas\u003c\/b\u003e looks at the properties and effects of different gases, pressures and primary electron energies, with particular attention to electron scattering and its effects on imaging and microanalysis\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eChapter 5 - \u003cb\u003eImaging uncoated specimens in the VP-ESEM\u003c\/b\u003e briefly looks at the pros and cons of putting native-state materials in the VP-ESEM, such as primary electron beam penetration, radiation damage and, crucially, the properties of materials in an electric field and the influence of gaseous positive ions\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eChapter 6 - \u003cb\u003eA lab in a chamber – \u003ci\u003ein situ\u003c\/i\u003e methods in VP-ESEM and other applications\u003c\/b\u003e concludes the book with a survey of dynamic experiments such as: tensile testing, vapour-deposition of nanostructures, oxidation and reduction,lithography, ice crystallization and wetting of surfaces, to name a few, as well as unique imaging methods, plus an extensive review of the literature covering both hard and soft materials.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book is intended as a guide to help those that are just starting out with VP-ESEM, as well as those with more experience looking to gain a deeper appreciation of the concepts.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989849915621,"sku":"NP9780470065402","price":89.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470065402.jpg?v=1761785667","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/principles-and-practice-of-variable-pressure-environmental-scanning-electron-microscopy-vp-esem-isbn-9780470065402","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}