{"product_id":"predictive-control-of-power-converters-and-electrical-drives-isbn-9781119963981","title":"Predictive Control of Power Converters and Electrical Drives","description":"\u003cb\u003eDescribes the general principles and current research into Model Predictive Control (MPC);  the most up-to-date control method for power converters and drives\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003eThe book starts with an introduction to the subject before the first chapter on classical control methods for power converters and drives. This covers classical converter control methods and classical electrical drives control methods. The next chapter on Model predictive control first looks at predictive control methods for power converters and drives and presents the basic principles of MPC. It then looks at MPC for power electronics and drives. The third chapter is on predictive control applied to power converters. It discusses: control of a three-phase inverter; control of a neutral point clamped inverter; control of an active front end rectifier, and; control of a matrix converter. In the middle of the book there is Chapter four - Predictive control applied to motor drives. This section analyses predictive torque control of industrial machines and predictive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. Design and implementation issues of model predictive control is the subject of the final chapter. The following topics are described in detail: cost function selection; weighting factors design; delay compensation; effect of model errors, and prediction of future references. While there are hundreds of books teaching control of electrical energy using pulse width modulation, this will be the very first book published in this new topic.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eUnique in presenting a completely new theoretic solution to control electric power in a simple way\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDiscusses the application of predictive control in motor drives, with several examples and case studies\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMatlab is included on a complementary website so the reader can run their own simulations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e  \u003cb\u003eForeword xi\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAcknowledgments xv\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart One INTRODUCTION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Applications of Power Converters and Drives 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Types of Power Converters 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e1.2.1 Generic Drive System\u003c\/i\u003e 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e1.2.2 Classification of Power Converters\u003c\/i\u003e 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Control of Power Converters and Drives 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e1.3.1 Power Converter Control in the Past\u003c\/i\u003e 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e1.3.2 Power Converter Control Today\u003c\/i\u003e 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e1.3.3 Control Requirements and Challenges\u003c\/i\u003e 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e1.3.4 Digital Control Platforms\u003c\/i\u003e 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Why Predictive Control is Particularly Suited for Power Electronics 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Contents of this Book 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Classical Control Methods for Power Converters and Drives 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Classical Current Control Methods 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e2.1.1 Hysteresis Current Control\u003c\/i\u003e 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e2.1.2 Linear Control with Pulse Width Modulation or Space Vector Modulation\u003c\/i\u003e 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Classical Electrical Drive Control Methods 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e2.2.1 Field Oriented Control\u003c\/i\u003e 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e2.2.2 Direct Torque Control\u003c\/i\u003e 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Summary 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Model Predictive Control 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Predictive Control Methods for Power Converters and Drives 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Basic Principles of Model Predictive Control 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Model Predictive Control for Power Electronics and Drives 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.3.1 Controller Design\u003c\/i\u003e 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.3.2 Implementation\u003c\/i\u003e 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e3.3.3 General Control Scheme\u003c\/i\u003e 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Summary 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Two MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL APPLIED TO POWER CONVERTERS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Predictive Control of a Three-Phase Inverter 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Predictive Current Control 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Cost Function 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Converter Model 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Load Model 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Discrete-Time Model for Prediction 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Working Principle 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Implementation of the Predictive Control Strategy 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Comparison to a Classical Control Scheme 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Summary 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Predictive Control of a Three-Phase Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 System Model 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Linear Current Control Method with Pulse Width Modulation 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Predictive Current Control Method 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Implementation 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.5.1 Reduction of the Switching Frequency\u003c\/i\u003e 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e5.5.2 Capacitor Voltage Balance\u003c\/i\u003e 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Summary 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Control of an Active Front-End Rectifier 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Rectifier Model 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.2.1 Space Vector Model\u003c\/i\u003e 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.2.2 Discrete-Time Model\u003c\/i\u003e 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Predictive Current Control in an Active Front-End 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.3.1 Cost Function\u003c\/i\u003e 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Predictive Power Control 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.4.1 Cost Function and Control Scheme\u003c\/i\u003e 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Predictive Control of an AC–DC–AC Converter 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.5.1 Control of the Inverter Side\u003c\/i\u003e 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.5.2 Control of the Rectifier Side\u003c\/i\u003e 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e6.5.3 Control Scheme\u003c\/i\u003e 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Summary 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Control of a Matrix Converter 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 System Model 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.2.1 Matrix Converter Model\u003c\/i\u003e 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.2.2 Working Principle of the Matrix Converter\u003c\/i\u003e 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.2.3 Commutation of the Switches\u003c\/i\u003e 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Classical Control: The Venturini Method 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Predictive Current Control of the Matrix Converter 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.4.1 Model of the Matrix Converter for Predictive Control\u003c\/i\u003e 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.4.2 Output Current Control\u003c\/i\u003e 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.4.3 Output Current Control with Minimization of the Input Reactive Power\u003c\/i\u003e 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e7.4.4 Input Reactive Power Control\u003c\/i\u003e 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Summary 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Three MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL APPLIED TO MOTOR DRIVES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Predictive Control of Induction Machines 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Dynamic Model of an Induction Machine 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Field Oriented Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Matrix Converter Using Predictive Current Control 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.3.1 Control Scheme\u003c\/i\u003e 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Predictive Torque Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Voltage Source Inverter 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Predictive Torque Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Matrix Converter 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.5.1 Torque and Flux Control\u003c\/i\u003e 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e8.5.2 Torque and Flux Control with Minimization of the Input Reactive Power\u003c\/i\u003e 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Summary 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Machine Equations 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Field Oriented Control Using Predictive Current Control 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.3.1 Discrete-Time Model\u003c\/i\u003e 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.3.2 Control Scheme\u003c\/i\u003e 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Predictive Speed Control 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.4.1 Discrete-Time Model\u003c\/i\u003e 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.4.2 Control Scheme\u003c\/i\u003e 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e9.4.3 Rotor Speed Estimation\u003c\/i\u003e 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Summary 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Four DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES OF MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Cost Function Selection 147\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Reference Following 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e10.2.1 Some Examples\u003c\/i\u003e 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Actuation Constraints 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e10.3.1 Minimization of the Switching Frequency\u003c\/i\u003e 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e10.3.2 Minimization of the Switching Losses\u003c\/i\u003e 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Hard Constraints 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Spectral Content 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Summary 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Weighting Factor Design 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Cost Function Classification 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.2.1 Cost Functions without Weighting Factors\u003c\/i\u003e 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.2.2 Cost Functions with Secondary Terms\u003c\/i\u003e 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.2.3 Cost Functions with Equally Important Terms\u003c\/i\u003e 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Weighting Factors Adjustment 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.3.1 For Cost Functions with Secondary Terms\u003c\/i\u003e 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.3.2 For Cost Functions with Equally Important Terms\u003c\/i\u003e 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Examples 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.4.1 Switching Frequency Reduction\u003c\/i\u003e 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.4.2 Common-Mode Voltage Reduction\u003c\/i\u003e 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.4.3 Input Reactive Power Reduction\u003c\/i\u003e 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.4.4 Torque and Flux Control\u003c\/i\u003e 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e11.4.5 Capacitor Voltage Balancing\u003c\/i\u003e 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Summary 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Delay Compensation 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Effect of Delay due to Calculation Time 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Delay Compensation Method 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Prediction of Future References 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e12.4.1 Calculation of Future References Using Extrapolation\u003c\/i\u003e 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e12.4.2 Calculation of Future References Using Vector Angle Compensation\u003c\/i\u003e 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Summary 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Effect of Model Parameter Errors 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Three-Phase Inverter 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Proportional–Integral Controllers with Pulse Width Modulation 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.3.1 Control Scheme\u003c\/i\u003e 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.3.2 Effect of Model Parameter Errors\u003c\/i\u003e 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Deadbeat Control with Pulse Width Modulation 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.4.1 Control Scheme\u003c\/i\u003e 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.4.2 Effect of Model Parameter Errors\u003c\/i\u003e 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Model Predictive Control 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e13.5.1 Effect of Load Parameter Variation\u003c\/i\u003e 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Comparative Results 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Summary 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix A Predictive Control Simulation – Three-Phase Inverter 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Predictive Current Control of a Three-Phase Inverter 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eA.1.1 Definition of Simulation Parameters\u003c\/i\u003e 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eA.1.2 MATLAB\u003c\/i\u003e® \u003ci\u003eCode for Predictive Current Control\u003c\/i\u003e 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix B Predictive Control Simulation – Torque Control of an Induction Machine Fed by a Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.1 Definition of Predictive Torque Control Simulation Parameters 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB.2 MATLAB® Code for the Predictive Torque Control Simulation 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix C Predictive Control Simulation – Matrix Converter 219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC.1 Predictive Current Control of a Direct Matrix Converter 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eC.1.1 Definition of Simulation Parameters\u003c\/i\u003e 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eC.1.2 MATLAB\u003c\/i\u003e® \u003ci\u003eCode for Predictive Current Control with Instantaneous Reactive Power Minimization\u003c\/i\u003e 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndex 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cb\u003eProfessor José Rodríguez, \u003ci\u003eUniversidad Técnica Federico Santa María,\u003c\/i\u003e \u003ci\u003eChile\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e Professor Rodriguez has been at the Department of Electronics Engineering, University Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, since 1977. From 2001 to 2004 he was Director of the Department of Electronics Engineering of the same university. In 1996 he was responsible for the Mining Division of Siemens Corporation, Santiago, Chile. He has extensive consulting experience in the mining industry, particularly in the application of large drives.Professor Rodriguez’ research group was recoginized as one of the two Centers of Excellence in Engineering in Chile from 2005 to 2008. He has directed more than 40 R\u0026amp;D projects in the field of industrial electronics, and his main research interests include multilevel inverters, new converter topologies, control of power converters and adjustable-speed drives. He has co-authored more than 250 journal and conference papers and contributed one book chapter. Since 2002 he has been active associate editor of the IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics and IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. He received the Best Paper Award from the former in 2007.  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePatricio Cortés, \u003ci\u003eUniversidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Chile\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e Dr Cortes joined the Electronics Engineering Department UTFSM in 2003, where he is currently Research Associate. His main research interests include power electronics, adjustable speed drives and predictive control. He has authored over 30 journal and conference papers, most of them in the area of predictive control in power electronics. Dr Cortes received the Best Paper Award from the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics in 2007.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eThe application Model Predictive Control (MPC) controls electrical energy with the use of power converters and offers a highly flexible alternative to the use of modulators and linear controllers. This new approach takes into account the discrete and nonlinear nature of the power converters and drives and promises to have a strong impact on control in power electronics in the coming decades.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePredictive Control of Power Converters and Electrical Drives\u003c\/i\u003e provides a comprehensive overview of the general principles and current research into MPC and is ideal for engineers, specialists and researchers needing: \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ea straightforward explanation of the theory and implementation of predictive control;\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eanalysis on classical converter control methods and electrical drives control methods;\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eapplication examples and case studies demonstrating how control schemes have been implemented;\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003epractice in running their own MATLAB\u003csup\u003e(R)\u003c\/sup\u003e simulations through the companion website.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the information provided, power electronics specialists will be able to start applying this new control technique. This book will help electrical, electronics and control engineers, R\u0026amp;D engineers, product development engineers working in power electronics and drives, and industry engineers of power conversions and motor drives. It is also a complete reference for university researchers, graduate and senior-level undergraduate students of electrical and electronics engineering, academic control specialists, and academics in electrical drives.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eURL: www.wiley.com\/go\/rodriguez_control\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-IEEE Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989840609509,"sku":"NP9781119963981","price":155.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119963981.jpg?v=1761785643","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/predictive-control-of-power-converters-and-electrical-drives-isbn-9781119963981","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}