{"product_id":"practical-statistics-for-nursing-and-health-care-isbn-9781119698524","title":"Practical Statistics for Nursing and Health Care","description":"\u003cp\u003eNow in its second edition, \u003ci\u003ePractical Statistics for Nursing and Health Care\u003c\/i\u003e provides a sound foundation for nursing, midwifery and other health care students and early career professionals, guiding readers through the often daunting subject of statistics 'from scratch'. Making no assumptions about one's existing knowledge, the text develops in complexity as the material and concepts become more familiar, allowing readers to build the confidence and skills to apply various formula and techniques to their own data.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors explain common methods of interpreting data sets and explore basic statistical principles that enable nurses and health care professionals to decide on suitable treatment, as well as equipping readers with the tools to critically appraise clinical trials and epidemiology journals.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers information on statistics presented in a clear, straightforward manner\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers all basic statistical concepts and tests, and includes worked examples, case studies, and data sets\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides an understanding of how data collected can be processed for the patients’ benefit\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eContains a new section on how to calculate and use percentiles\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten for students, qualified nurses and other healthcare professionals, \u003ci\u003ePractical Statistics for Nursing and Health Care\u003c\/i\u003e is a hands-on guide to gaining rapid proficiency in statistics.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword to Students xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 What Do we Mean by Statistics? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Why Is Statistics Necessary? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Limitations of Statistics 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Performing Statistical Calculations 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 The Purpose of this Text 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Health Care Investigations: Measurement and Sampling Concepts 5\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Populations, Samples and Observations 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Counting Things – The Sampling Unit 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Sampling Strategy 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Target and Study Populations 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Sample Designs 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Simple Random Sampling 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Systematic Sampling 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Stratified Sampling 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Quota Sampling 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Cluster Sampling 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Sampling Designs – Summary 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.13 Statistics and Parameters 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.14 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15 Parametric and Non-Parametric Statistics 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Processing Data 13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Scales of Measurement 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The Nominal Scale 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 The Ordinal Scale 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The Interval Scale 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 The Ratio Scale 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Conversion of Interval Observations to an Ordinal Scale 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Derived Variables 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Logarithms 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 The Precision of Observations 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 How Precise Should We Be? 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 The Frequency Table 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Aggregating Frequency Classes 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.13 Frequency Distribution of Count Observations 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14 Bivariate Data 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Presenting Data 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Dot Plot or Line Plot 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Bar Graph 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Histogram 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Frequency Polygon and Frequency Curve 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Centiles and Growth Charts 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Scattergram 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Circle or Pie Graph 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Clinical Trials 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Nature of Clinical Trials 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Clinical Trial Designs 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Psychological Effects and Blind Trials 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Historical Controls 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Ethical Issues 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Case Study: Leicestershire Electroconvulsive Therapy Study 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Summary 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Introduction to Epidemiology 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Measuring Disease 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Study Designs – Cohort Studies 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Study Designs – Case-Control Studies 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Cohort or Case-Control Study? 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Choice of Comparison Group 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Confounding 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Summary 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Measuring the Average 49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 What Is an Average? 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 The Mean 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Calculating the Mean of Grouped Data 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 The Median – A Resistant Statistic 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 The Median of a Frequency Distribution 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 The Mode 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Relationship between Mean, Median and Mode 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Measuring Variability 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Variability 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 The Range 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The Standard Deviation 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Calculating the Standard Deviation 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Calculating the Standard Deviation from Grouped Data 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Variance 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 An Alternative Formula for Calculating the Variance and Standard Deviation 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Degrees of Freedom 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 The Coefficient of Variation 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Probability and the Normal Curve 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 The Meaning of Probability 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Compound Probabilities 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Critical Probability 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Probability Distribution 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 The Normal Curve 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Some Properties of the Normal Curve 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Standardizing the Normal Curve 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Two-Tailed or One-Tailed? 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Small Samples: The t-Distribution 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Are our Data Normally Distributed? 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.11 Dealing with ‘Non-normal’ Data 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 How Good Are our Estimates? 81\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Sampling Error 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 The Distribution of a Sample Mean 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Confidence Interval of a Mean of a Large Sample 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 The Confidence Interval of a Mean of a Small Sample 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 The Difference between the Means of Two Large Samples 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 The Difference between the Means of Two Small Samples 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Estimating a Proportion 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 The Finite Population Correction 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 The Basis of Statistical Testing 91\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 The Experimental Hypothesis 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 The Statistical Hypothesis 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Test Statistics 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Hypothesis Testing and the Normal Curve 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Type 1 and Type 2 Errors 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Parametric and Non-parametric Statistics: Some Further Observations 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 The Power of a Test 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Analysing Frequencies 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 The Chi-Square Test 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Calculating the Test Statistic 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 A Practical Example of a Test for Homogeneous Frequencies 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 One Degree of Freedom – Yates’ Correction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Goodness of Fit Tests 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 The Contingency Table – Tests for Association 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 The ‘Rows by Columns’ (\u003ci\u003er\u003c\/i\u003e × \u003ci\u003ec\u003c\/i\u003e) Contingency Table 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Larger Contingency Tables 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Advice on Analysing Frequencies 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Measuring Correlations 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 The Meaning of Correlation 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Investigating Correlation 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 The Strength and Significance of a Correlation 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 The Product Moment Correlation Coefficient 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 The Coefficient of Determination \u003ci\u003er\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient \u003ci\u003er\u003csub\u003es\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Advice on Measuring Correlations 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Regression Analysis 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Gradients and Triangles 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Dependent and Independent Variables 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 A Perfect Rectilinear Relationship 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 The Line of Least Squares 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Simple Linear Regression 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Fitting the Regression Line to the Scattergram 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Regression for Estimation 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 The Coefficient of Determination in Regression 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 Dealing with Curved Relationships 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.11 How Can We ‘Straighten Up’ Curved Relationships? 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12 Advice on Using Regression Analysis 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Comparing Averages 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Matched and Unmatched Observations 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 The Mann–Whitney \u003ci\u003eU\u003c\/i\u003e-Test for Unmatched Samples 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Advice on Using the Mann–Whitney \u003ci\u003eU\u003c\/i\u003e-Test 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 More than Two Samples – The Kruskal–Wallis Test 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Advice on Using the Kruskal–Wallis Test 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 The Wilcoxon Test for Matched Pairs 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Advice on Using the Wilcoxon Test for Matched Pairs 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Comparing Means – Parametric Tests 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 The \u003ci\u003ez\u003c\/i\u003e-Test for Comparing the Means of Two Large Samples 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.11 The\u003ci\u003e t\u003c\/i\u003e-Test for Comparing the Means of Two Small Samples 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.12 The \u003ci\u003et\u003c\/i\u003e-Test for Matched Pairs 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.13 Advice on Comparing Means 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Analysis of Variance – ANOVA 149\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Why Do We Need ANOVA? 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 How ANOVA Works 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Procedure for Computing ANOVA 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 The Tukey Test 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Further Applications of ANOVA 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Advice on Using ANOVA 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendices\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A: Table of Random Numbers 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B: \u003ci\u003et\u003c\/i\u003e-Distribution 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C: \u003ci\u003eχ\u003c\/i\u003e2-Distribution 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D: Critical Values of Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix E: Critical Values of the Product Moment Correlation Coefficient 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix F: Mann–Whitney \u003ci\u003eU\u003c\/i\u003e-test Values (Two-Tailed Test) \u003ci\u003eP\u003c\/i\u003e =0.05 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix G: Critical Values of \u003ci\u003eT\u003c\/i\u003e in the Wilcoxon Test for Matched Pairs 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix H: \u003ci\u003eF\u003c\/i\u003e-Distribution 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix I: Tukey Test 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix J: Symbols 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix K: Leicestershire ECT Study Data: Subgroup with Depressive Illness 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix L: How Large Should Our Samples Be? 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"The language is friendly and puts the reader at ease ....This book provides comprehensive coverage of an area that is important to all health care professionals. (Nursing Times, 28 March 2002)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"...a plain English guide...to facilitate both learning and reference...\" (Nurse Education Today, No.23,2003)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"...helpful in enabling nurses to appraise empirical research and utilise research in their practice...\" (Primary Health Care, October 2003)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"...provides clear explanations of the statistical concepts and illustrates these using relevant nursing scenarios...\" (Practice Nurse, Friday 16 January, 2004)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"...provides a basic foundation of statistics...good resource for nurses...very user friendly...\" (Oncology Nursing Forum, Vol31(2), 2004)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJIM FOWLER\u003c\/b\u003e, former Principal Lecturer, Department of Biological Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePHILIP JARVIS\u003c\/b\u003e, Statistician, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMEL CHEVANNES,\u003c\/b\u003e Emeritus Professor of Nursing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePRACTICAL STATISTICS\u003c\/b\u003e \u003csmall\u003eFOR\u003c\/small\u003e \u003cb\u003eNURSING\u003c\/b\u003e \u003csmall\u003eAND\u003c\/small\u003e \u003cb\u003eHEALTH CARE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNow in its second edition, \u003ci\u003ePractical Statistics for Nursing and Health Care\u003c\/i\u003e provides a sound foundation for nursing, midwifery and other health care students and early career professionals, guiding readers through the often daunting subject of statistics ‘from scratch’. Making no assumptions about one’s existing knowledge, the text develops in complexity as the material and concepts become more familiar, allowing readers to build the confidence and skills to apply various formula and techniques to their own data.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors explain common methods of interpreting data sets and explore basic statistical principles that enable nurses and health care professionals to decide on suitable treatment, as well as equipping readers with the tools to critically appraise clinical trials and epidemiology journals.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOffers information on statistics presented in a clear, straightforward manner\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCovers all basic statistical concepts and tests, and includes worked examples, case studies, and data sets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProvides an understanding of how data collected can be processed for the patients’ benefit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContains a new section on how to calculate and use percentiles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten for students, qualified nurses and other healthcare professionals, \u003ci\u003ePractical Statistics for Nursing and Health Care\u003c\/i\u003e is a hands-on guide to gaining rapid proficiency in statistics.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989836185829,"sku":"NP9781119698524","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119698524.jpg?v=1761785627","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/practical-statistics-for-nursing-and-health-care-isbn-9781119698524","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}