{"product_id":"population-genetics-isbn-9781118436943","title":"Population Genetics","description":"\u003cp\u003eNow updated for its second edition, \u003ci\u003ePopulation Genetics \u003c\/i\u003eis the classic, accessible introduction to the concepts of population genetics. Combining traditional conceptual approaches with classical hypotheses and debates, the book equips students to understand a wide array of empirical studies that are based on the first principles of population genetics. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeaturing a highly accessible introduction to coalescent theory, as well as covering the major conceptual advances in population genetics of the last two decades, the second edition now also includes end of chapter problem sets and revised coverage of recombination in the coalescent model, metapopulation extinction and recolonization, and the fixation index.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface and acknowledgements xiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the companion websites xvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Thinking like a population geneticist 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1   Expectations 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParameters and parameter estimates 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInductive and deductive reasoning 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Theory and assumptions 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Simulation 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 1.1 The textbook website 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 1 review 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Genotype frequencies 8\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Mendel’s model of particulate genetics 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Hardy–Weinberg expected genotype frequencies 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 2.1 Genotype frequencies for one locus with two alleles 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Why does Hardy–Weinberg work? 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Applications of Hardy–Weinberg 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForensic DNA profiling 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 2.1 The expected genotype frequency for a DNA profile 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTesting Hardy–Weinberg expected genotype frequencies 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 2.1 DNA profiling 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssuming Hardy–Weinberg to test alternative models of inheritance 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 2.2 Proving allele frequencies are obtained from expected genotype frequencies 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 2.3 Inheritance for corn kernel phenotypes 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 The fixation index and heterozygosity 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 2.2 Assortative mating and genotype frequencies 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 2.2 Protein locus or allozyme genotyping 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Mating among relatives 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts of non-random mating on genotype and allele frequencies 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoancestry coefficient and autozygosit, 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 2.3 Locating relatives using genetic genealogy methods 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhenotypic consequences of mating among relatives 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe many meanings of inbreeding 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Hardy–Weinberg for two loci 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGametic disequilibrium 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical linkage 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 2.3 Gametic disequilibrium under both recombination and natural selection 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutation 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMixing of diverged populations 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMating system 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation size 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 2.4 Estimating genotypic disequilibrium 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 2 review 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Genetic drift and effective population size 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 The effects of sampling lead to genetic drift 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.1 Genetic drift 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Models of genetic drift 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe binomial probability distribution 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 3.1 Applying the binomial formula 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 3.1 Variance of a binomial variable 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarkov chains 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.2 Genetic drift simulated with a markov chain model 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 3.2 Constructing a transition probability matrix 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe diffusion approximation of genetic drift 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Effective population size 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 3.3 Estimating N e from information about N 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Parallelism between Drift and mating among relatives 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.3 Heterozygosity over time in a finite population 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Estimating effective population size 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent types of effective population size 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.4 Estimating N e from allele frequencies and heterozygosity over time 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreeding effective population size 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffective population sizes of different genomes 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Gene genealogies and the coalescent model 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.5 Sampling lineages in a Wright–Fisher population 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 3.2 Approximating the probability of a coalescent event with the exponential distribution 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.6 Build your own coalescent genealogies 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Effective population size in the coalescent model 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.7 Simulating gene genealogies in populations with different effective sizes 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoalescent genealogies and population bottlenecks 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoalescent genealogies in growing and shrinking populations 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 3.8 Coalescent genealogies in populations with changing size 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Genetic drift and the coalescent with other models of life history 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 3 review 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd of chapter exercises 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Population structure and gene flow 115\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Genetic populations 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 4.1 Are allele frequencies random or clumped in two dimensions? 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Gene flow and its impact on allele frequencies in multiple subpopulations 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinent-island model 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo-island model 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.1 Continent-island model of gene flow 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.2 Two-island model of gene flow 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Direct measures of gene flow 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 4.1 Calculate the probability of a random haplotype match and the exclusion probability 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.3 Average exclusion probability for a locus 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Fixation indices to summarize the pattern of population subdivision 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 4.2 Compute FIS, FST, and FIT 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating fixation indices 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Population subdivision and the Wahlund effect 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.4 Simulating the Wahlund effect 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 4.3 Impact of population structure on a DNA-profile match probability 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Evolutionary models that predict patterns of population structure 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfinite island model 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 4.1 The expected value of F ST in the infinite island model 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 4.4 Expected levels of F ST for Y-chromosome and organelle loci 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.5 Simulate F\u003csub\u003eIS\u003c\/sub\u003e, F\u003csub\u003eST\u003c\/sub\u003e, and F\u003csub\u003eIT\u003c\/sub\u003e in the finite island model 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStepping-stone and metapopulation models 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsolation by distance and by landscape connectivity 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 4.2 Analysis of a circuit to predict gene flow across a landscape 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Population assignment and clustering 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaximum likelihood assignment 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBayesian assignment 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.6 Genotype assignment and clustering 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 4.3 Bayes Theorem 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpirical assignment methods 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.7 Visualizing principle components analysis 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 The impact of population structure on genealogical branching 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombining coalescent and migration events 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 4.8 Gene genealogies with migration between two demes 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe average length of a genealogy with migration 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 4.4 Solving two equations with two unknowns for average coalescence times 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 4 review 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd of chapter exercises 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Mutation 183\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 The source of all genetic variation 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating mutation rates 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution of mutation rates 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The fate of a new mutation 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChance a mutation is lost due to mendelian segregation 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFate of a new mutation in a finite population 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.1 Frequency of neutral mutations in a finite population 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutations in expanding populations 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeometric model of mutations fixed by natural selection 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuller’s ratchet and the fixation of deleterious mutations 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.2 Muller’s Ratchet 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Mutation models 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutation models for discrete alleles 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.3 R\u003csub\u003est\u003c\/sub\u003e and F\u003csub\u003est\u003c\/sub\u003e as examples of the consequences of different mutation models 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutation models for DNA sequences 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 5.1 Single nucleotide polymorphisms 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 The influence of mutation on allele frequency and autozygosity 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 5.1 Equilibrium allele frequency with two-way mutation 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.4 Simulating irreversible and two-way mutation 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.5 Heterozygosity and homozygosity with two-way mutation 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 The coalescent model with mutation 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 5.6 Build your own coalescent genealogies with mutation 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 5 review 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Fundamentals of natural selection 220\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Natural selection 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection with clonal reproduction 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 6.1 Relative fitness of HIV genotypes 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection with sexual reproduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 6.1 The change in allele frequency each generation under natural selection 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 General results for natural selection on a diallelic locus 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection against a recessive phenotype 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection against a dominant phenotype 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral dominance 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeterozygote disadvantage 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeterozygote advantage 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 6.2 Equilibrium allele frequency with overdominance 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe strength of natural selection 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 How natural selection works to increase average fitness 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage fitness and rate of change in allele frequency 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 6.2 Mean fitness and change in allele frequency 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 6.1 Natural selection on one locus with two alleles 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe fundamental theorem of natural selection 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Ramifications of the one locus, two allele model of natural selection 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Classical and Balance Hypotheses 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to explain levels of allozyme polymorphism, 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 6 review 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Further models of natural selection 250\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Viability selection with three alleles or two loci 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection on one locus with three alleles 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 7.1 Marginal fitness and Δp for the Hb C allele 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.1 Natural selection on one locus with three or more alleles 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection on two diallelic loci 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Alternative models of natural selection 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection via different levels of fecundity 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection with frequency-dependent fitness 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 7.1 The change in allele frequency with frequency-dependent selection 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.2 Frequency-dependent natural selection 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection with density-dependent fitness 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.3 Density-dependent natural selection 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Combining natural selection with other processes 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural selection and genetic drift acting simultaneously 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic differentiation among populations by natural selection 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.4 The balance of natural selection and genetic drift at a diallelic locus 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe balance between natural selection and mutation 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic load 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.5 Natural selection and mutation 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 7.2 Mean fitness in a population at equilibrium for balancing selection 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Natural selection in genealogical branching models 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirectional selection and the ancestral selection graph 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 7.2 Resolving possible selection events on an ancestral selection graph 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 7.6 Build an ancestral selection graph 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenealogies and balancing selection 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Shifting balance theory 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAllele combinations and the fitness surface 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWright’s view of allele frequency distribution 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolutionary scenarios imagined by wright 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCritique and controversy over shifting balance 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 7 review 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Molecular evolution 296\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Neutral theory 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolymorphism 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivergence 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNearly neutral theory 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 8.1 Compare the neutral theory and nearly neutral theory 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe selectionist–neutralist debates 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Natural selection 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHitch-hiking and rates of divergence 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpirical studies 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Measures of divergence and polymorphism 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBox 8.1 DNA sequencing 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA divergence between specie, 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA sequence divergence and saturation 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 8.2 Compare nucleotide substitution models 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA polymorphism measured by segregating sites and nucleotide diversity 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 8.3 Estimating π and S from DNA sequence data 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 DNA sequence divergence and the molecular clock 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDating events with the molecular clock 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 8.1 Estimating divergence times with the molecular clock 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 8.4 Molecular clock estimates of evolutionary events 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Testing the molecular clock hypothesis and explanations for rate variation in molecular evolution 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe molecular clock and rate variation 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAncestral polymorphism and poisson process molecular clock 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 8.1 The dispersion index with ancestral polymorphism and divergence 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative rate tests of the molecular clock 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatterns and causes of rate heterogeneity 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Testing the neutral theory null model of DNA sequence polymorphism 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHKA test of neutral theory expectations for DNA sequence evolution 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe McDonald–Kreitman (MK) test 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMismatch distributions 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTajima’s D 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 8.2 Computing Tajima’s D from DNA sequence data 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Recombination in the genealogical branching model 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 8.5 Build an ancestral recombination graph 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsequences of recombination 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 8 review 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Quantitative trait variation and evolution 359\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Quantitative traits 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 9.1 Phenotypic distribution produced by Mendelian inheritance of three diallelic loci 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponents of phenotypic variation 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponents of genotypic variation (V\u003csub\u003eG\u003c\/sub\u003e) 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInheritance of additive (V\u003csub\u003eA\u003c\/sub\u003e), dominance (V\u003csub\u003eD\u003c\/sub\u003e), and epistasis (V\u003csub\u003eI\u003c\/sub\u003e) genotypic variation 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenotype-by-environment interaction (V\u003csub\u003eG×E\u003c\/sub\u003e) 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional sources of phenotypic variance 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 9.1 Summing two variances 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Evolutionary change in quantitative traits 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeritability and the Breeder’s equation 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in quantitative trait mean and variance due to natural selection 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 9.2 Selection differential with truncation selection 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimating heritability by parent–offspring regression 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 9.1 Estimating heritability with parent-offspring regression 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResponse to selection on correlated traits 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 9.2 Response to natural selection on two correlated traits 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-term response to selection 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 9.3 Response to selection and the number of loci that cause quantitative trait variation 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeutral evolution of quantitative traits 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 9.4 Effective population size and genotypic variation in a neutral quantitative trait 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Quantitative trait loci (QTL) 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTL mapping with single marker loci,394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 9.2 Compute the effect and dominance coefficient of a QTL 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQTL mapping with multiple marker loci 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 9.3 Derive the expected marker-class means for a backcross mating design 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimitations of QTL mapping studies 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenome-wide association studies 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological significance of identifying QTL 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 9.5 Effect sizes and response to selection at QTLs 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 9 review 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 The Mendelian basis of quantitative trait variation 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 The connection between particulate inheritance and quantitative trait variation 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScale of genotypic values 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 10.1 Compute values on the genotypic scale of measurement for IGF1 in dogs 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Mean genotypic value in a population 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Average effect of an allele 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 10.1 The average effect of the A 1 allele 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box 10.2 Compute average effects for IGF1 in dogs 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Breeding value and dominance deviation 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 10.1 Average effects, breeding values, and dominance deviations 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDominance deviation 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Components of total genotypic variance 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box 10.2 Components of total genotypic variance, V G  430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMath box 10.2 Deriving the total genotypic variance, V G  430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Genotypic resemblance between relatives 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter 10 review 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-chapter exercises 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 436\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem A.1 Estimating the variance 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteract box A.1 The central limit theorem 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA.1 Covariance and Correlation 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem box answers 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 468\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMATTHEW B. HAMILTON, PHD,\u003c\/b\u003e is Associate Professor of Biology at Georgetown University, where he teaches Population Genetics, Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Processes, and similar undergraduate and graduate level courses. He is founding Director of Georgetown's Environmental Biology undergraduate major, past Director of the Georgetown Environment Initiative, and currently conducts research on the processes that influence the distribution of genetic variation within species.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS OF POPULATION GENETICS, FROM FIRST PRINCIPLES TO BASIC MODELING AND SIMULATION\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePopulation Genetics, Second Edition, provides an up-to-date introduction to the foundation of modern evolutionary biology: the study of the distribution of alleles in a population in relation to evolutionary processes and population structure. Designed for a full one-term course on population genetics, this accessible college-level textbook integrates foundational conceptual approaches, classical hypotheses, and traditional debates to help students understand a wide range of empirical studies based on the first principles of population genetics. In addition to gaining conceptual knowledge, students also develop algorithmic and computational skills that are central to prediction and data analysis in quantitative biology. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis fully revised edition includes updates on topics such as effective population size, mutation rates and models, recombination in the coalescent model, measures and models of population differentiation, population assignment methods, and models of linked nucleotide site variation. New end-of-chapter problems include numerical and conceptual problems, applications using published data, and exercises that utilize simulation software. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis popular textbook: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents a comprehensive body of materials that support an innovative approach to teaching population genetics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDescribes the major conceptual advances in population genetics of the last two decades\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIs richly illustrated and includes numerous examples and case studies\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers a range of explanatory styles designed to engage different types of learners\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFeatures a highly accessible and thorough introduction to coalescent theory\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides step-by-step explanations of the mathematics required to understand the concepts covered in the text\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes boxes with in-depth mathematical derivations and reasoning\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFeatures Interact Boxes with exercises based on a rich set of spreadsheet models and web-based computer simulations built specifically for the text\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation Genetics, Second Edition, is the perfect textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in biology, genetics, ecology, evolutionary biology, agricultural genetics, molecular biology, and population-oriented medical genetics, and a valuable resource for other advanced students and practitioners wanting to expand their knowledge in population and evolutionary biology.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989815541989,"sku":"NP9781118436943","price":84.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118436943.jpg?v=1761785560","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/population-genetics-isbn-9781118436943","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}