{"product_id":"plants-as-bioreactors-for-industrial-molecules-isbn-9781119875086","title":"Plants as Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules","description":"\u003cb\u003ePLANTS AS BIOREACTORS FOR INDUSTRIAL MOLECULES\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn incisive and practical discussion of how to use plants as bioreactors\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ci\u003ePlants as Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules\u003c\/i\u003e, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an insightful and global perspective on the use of plants as bioreactors. In the book, you’ll find coverage of the basic, applied, biosynthetic, and translational approaches to the exploitation of plant technology in the production of high-value biomolecules. The authors focus on the yield and quality of amino acids, vitamins, and carbohydrates. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors explain how high-value biomolecules enable developers to create cost-effective biological systems for the production of biomolecules useful in a variety of sectors. They provide a holistic approach to plant-based biological devices to produce natural molecules of relevance to the health and agriculture industries. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReaders will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e A thorough overview of plants as bioreactors and discussions of molecular farming for the production of pharmaceutical proteins in plants\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e Comprehensive explorations of plants as edible vaccines and plant cell culture for biopharmaceuticals\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e Practical discussions of the production of attenuated viral particles as vaccines in plants and insecticidal protein production in transgenic plants\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e Extensive treatment of the regulatory challenges involved in using plants as bioreactors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerfect for academics, scientists, and researchers in industrial microbiology and biotechnology, \u003ci\u003ePlants as Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules\u003c\/i\u003e will also earn a place in the libraries of biotechnology company professionals in applied product development. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout the Editors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Plants as Bioreactors: An Overview 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMadhu, Alok Sharma, Amandeep Kaur, Deepika Antil, Sudhir P. Singh, and Santosh Kumar Upadhyay\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Factors Controlling the Production of Recombinant Protein 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Choice of the Host Species 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Optimization of Expression of Recombinant Protein 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.1 Transcription 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.2 Post- Transcription Modifications 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.3 Translation 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2.4 Posttranslational Modifications (PTMs) of Recombinant Proteins 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Downstream Processing 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Recombinant Proteins in Plants 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Pharmaceutical Proteins 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Vaccine Antigens 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Antibodies 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Nutritional Molecules 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Other Valuable Products 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Conclusions 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Molecular Farming for the Production of Pharmaceutical Proteins in Plants 29\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGaurav Augustine, Pragati Misra, Archana Shukla, Ghanshyam Pandey, and Pradeep Kumar Shukla\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Plant as an Expression Platform 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Plant- Derived Recombinant Proteins 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Engineering Strategies Utilized for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Production in Plants 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Nuclear Transformation 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Chloroplast Transformation 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Pharmaceutical Protein Developed Using Plant Expression Platform 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Perspectives 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Conclusion 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Plants as Edible Vaccine 57\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJia Qi Yip, Jia Choo, Kirthikah Kadiresen, Megan Min Tse Yew, Ying Pei Wong, and Anna Pick Kiong Ling\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Mechanism of Action 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Edible Plant Vaccines 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Candidate Plants and Selection of Desired Gene 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Production of Edible Vaccine (Plant Transformation) 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Chemical- Mediated DNA Transfer Method 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1.1 Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)- Mediated DNA Transfer Method 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1.2 Liposome- Mediated DNA Transfer Method 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1.3 Calcium Phosphate Coprecipitation 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1.4 Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) – Ddextran- mediated DNA Transfer Method 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Direct Gene Delivery Method (Physical) 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.1 Biolistic Transfection 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.2 Electroporation 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.3 Sonication 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2.4 Microinjection 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Indirect Gene Delivery 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.1 Agrobacterium- Mediated Gene Transfer 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.2 Genetically Engineered Plant Virus 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3.3 Virus- Like Particles (VLPs) 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Plant Species Used as Vaccine Models 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Potato 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Rice 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.3 Banana 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.4 Tomato 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.5 Lettuce 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.6 Maize 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.7 Carrot 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.8 Alfalfa 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Challenges 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Conclusion 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAckowledgments 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Plant Cell Culture for Biopharmaceuticals 89\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eZeuko’o Menkem Elisabeth and Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Plant Cultures 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Plant Cell Cultures 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Plant Tissue Culture 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Plant Organ Cultures 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Conditions for Plant Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Culture Medium 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 pH 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.1 Plant Cell Growth Regulators (auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin) 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.2 Auxins 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.3 Cytokinins 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.4 Gibberellins 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.5 Abscisic Acid (ABA) 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Types of Plant Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Embryo Culture 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Somatic Embryogenesis 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Genetic Transformation 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Meristem Tip Culture 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.5 Organogenesis 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.6 Callus Culture (Callogenesis) 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.7 Adventitious Root\/Hairy Root Culture (rhizogenesis) 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.8 Suspension Culture 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.9 Protoplast Fusion 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.10 Haploid Production 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.11 Germplasm Conservation 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 The Techniques Used in Plant Culture 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Micropropagation in Medicinal Plants 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.1 Stage 0: Preparation of the Donor Plant 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.2 Stage I: Initiation Stage 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.3 Stage II: Multiplication Stage 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.4 Stage III: Rooting Stage 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1.5 Stage IV: Acclimatization Stage 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Elicitation 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Transformed Tissue Cultures 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Metabolic Engineering 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Applications of Plant Cultures 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Biopharmaceuticals 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Biopharmaceuticals from Plants 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1.1 Scale- up of Secondary Metabolites by Using Different Systems 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1.2 Vaccines 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1.3 Plantibodies 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1.4 Proteins 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 The Effects of Production, Safety, and Efficacy 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Conclusion 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Microalgal Bioreactors for Pharmaceuticals Production 127\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Microalgae Strains Selection 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Microalgae Cultivation 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Factors Affecting the Growth and Productivity of Microalgae 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.1 Nutrients 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.2 Temperature 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.3 pH, Salinity, and Pressure 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.4 Light 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1.5 Mixing 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Methods and Systems for Microalgae Cultivation 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.1 Methods 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2.2 Microalgae Cultivation Systems 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Acquiring Biopharmaceuticals from Microalgae’s 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Microalgae Harvesting 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.1 Flocculation and Ultrasound 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.2 Centrifugation 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.3 Filtration 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1.4 Flotation 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Biomass Dehydratation 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Cell Disruption for Bioproducts Extraction 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Microalgal Compounds and their Pharmaceutical Applications 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Carotenoids 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Polysaccharides, Vitamins, and Minerals 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 Proteins 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusions 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Micropropagation for the Improved Production of Secondary Metabolites 161\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRupasree Mukhopadhyay\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Micropropagation for Production of Secondary Metabolites 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Strategies to Improve Secondary Metabolite Production 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Optimizing Culture Conditions 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Selecting High- Producing Cell Lines 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Organ Cultures 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Precursor Feeding 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.5 Elicitation 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.6 Immobilization 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.7 Permeabilization 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.8 Genetic Transformation: Hairy Root Cultures and Shooty Teratomas 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.9 Biotransformation 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.10 Metabolic Engineering 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.11 Plant Bioreactors and Scale- up 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Conclusions 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Metabolic Engineering for Carotenoids Enrichment of Plants 185\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMonica Butnariu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Background 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Classification of Carotenoid Pigments 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Carotenoid Hydrocarbons 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Xanthophylls 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Carotenoid Ketones 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.4 Carotenoid Acids 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Aspects of the Mechanism of Carotenoid Biosynthesis 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Premises of Metabolic Engineering 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Plant Genome Engineering for Improved Flavonoids Production 215\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMonica Butnariu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Background 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Structure, Diversity, and Subgroups 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Flavonoid Biosynthesis 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 The Mechanism of Action of Flavonoids 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 The Role of Flavonoids in Food and Medicine 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Antibody Production in Plants 241\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVipin Kumar Singh , Prashant Kumar Singh , and Amit Kumar Mishra\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 How Are Antigens Expressed in Plants? 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Transient Expression of Antigens 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Plant Virus Fusion Proteins 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Plant- Derived Antibodies: Are There any Alternative Approaches? 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Antibody Production in Plants: Advantages and Concerns 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Conclusion and Prospects 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Metabolic Engineering of Essential Micronutrients in Plants to Ensure Food Security 255\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSwarnavo Chakraborty and Aryadeep Roychoudhury\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Metabolic Engineering of Crops for Increased Nutritional Value 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Iron 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Iodine 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Zinc 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Vitamin A 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 Vitamin B 6\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003e263\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 Vitamin B 9 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.7 Vitamin E 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Plant Hairy Roots as Biofactory for the Production of Industrial Metabolites 273\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNidhi Sonkar, Pradeep Kumar Shukla, and Pragati Misra\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Types of Metabolites and Industrial Metabolites 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Secondary Metabolites 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Importance of Secondary Metabolites 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Enhancement of Secondary Metabolites 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Hairy Roots 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Hairy Roots 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Hairy Roots in Plants and In vitro Production of Secondary Metabolites 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Initiation of Hairy Root Cultures 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 Formation of Highly Proliferative Hairy Roots 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Agrobacterium rhizogenes for Hairy Root Production and as a Biotechnology Tools 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Large- Scale Production of Secondary Metabolites 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Strategies Used In vitro 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9.1 Why Hairy Root Culture? 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Plants as Bioreactors 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 A Case Study 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Conclusion 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Microalgae as Cell Factories for Biofuel and Bioenergetic Precursor Molecules 299\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eD. Rodríguez- Zuñiga, A. Méndez- Zavala, O. Solís- Quiroz, J.C. Montañez, L. Morales- Oyervides, and J.R. Benavente- Valdés\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Microalgae that Produce Bioenergy and Biofuel Molecules 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Biosynthesis of Molecules for Bioenergy and Biofuels in Microalgae 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Biohydrogen Production 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Starch Biosynthesis 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Lipid Biosynthesis 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Biochemical Regulation of BBPM Associated with Nutritional Conditions 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Physical and Chemical Factors Promote the Accumulation of Molecules for Bioenergy and Biofuels 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Light Intensity 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Salts 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.11 Use of Organic and Inorganic Carbon Sources 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.12 Agitation 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.13 Photobioreactors to Produce Bioenergy and Biofuels 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.14 Open Pond Cultivation Systems 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.15 Closed Systems 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.16 Hybrid Systems 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.17 Conclusions 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Metabolic Engineering for Value Addition in Plant- Based Lipids\/Fatty Acids 317\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHimani Thakkar and Vinnyfred Vincent\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Plant Lipids 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Tag Synthesis in Plants 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Fatty Acid Synthesis 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Tag Biosynthesis 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Lipid Droplets Biogenesis 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Wax Esters Synthesis 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Regulatory Factors Involved in Tag Synthesis 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Metabolic Engineering for Lipid\/Fatty Acid Synthesis 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 Increasing Oil Accumulation in Plants 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1.1 Modification of Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1.2 Increasing Tag Synthesis\/Assembly Process 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1.3 Increasing Carbon Flux Toward Oil Biosynthesis 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1.4 Modulating the Expression of Transcription Factors 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1.5 Reducing the Hydrolysis of Storage Lipids 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Improving the Quality of Oil by Altering the Fatty Acid Profile 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Conclusions 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Plants as Bioreactors for the Production of Biopesticides 337\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFernanda Achimón, Vanessa A. Areco, Vanessa D. Brito, María L. Peschiutta, Carolina Merlo, Romina P. Pizzolitto, Julio A. Zygadlo, María P. Zunino, and Alejandra B. Omarini\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Plant Metabolic Engineering for the Production of EOs and their Pure Compounds 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Bioactivity of EOs 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Insecticidal Effects of EOs 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1.1 EO Composition of the Lamiaceae Main Genera with Insecticidal Effect 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1.2 Characteristics of Some Species Within the Main Genera 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Antibacterial Activity of EOs 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Antifungal Effect of EOs 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.4 Bioconversion Process of EOs and Their Components by Microorganisms 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 In vitro Synthesis vs Extraction from Natural Sources: How to Obtain Secondary Metabolites 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Factors Affecting the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Production of Azadirachtin by Azadirachta indica. A Case Study 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Conclusion 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Nutraceuticals Productions from Plants 367\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eIsabela Sandy Rosa, Laura Oliveira Pires, and Juliane Karine Ishida\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Plant- Derived Nutraceuticals 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Phytochemicals and their Impacts on Human Health 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Polyphenols 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.1 Chromones 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.2 Coumarins 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.3 Flavonoids 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.4 Curcumin 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.5 Stilbenes 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1.6 Xanthones 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Terpenoids 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.1 Carotenoids 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.2 Ginkgolides 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.3 Limonene 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.4 Oleanolic Acid 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.5 Phytosterols 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2.6 Tocopherols and Tocotrienols 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Alkaloids 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Fatty Acids 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Fiber 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Engineering Nutraceutical- Enriched Plants 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Potential Side Effects of Nutraceuticals on Human Health 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Final Considerations 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Various Plant Parts and Their Antifungal Activity 393\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChikanshi Sharma, Madhu Kamle, and Pradeep Kumar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Plant Source 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis Using Plants Source 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis Using Plants 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Other Nanoparticles Synthesis Using Plant Source 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgement 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConflicts of Interest 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor Contribution 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Plant- Based\/Herbal Nanobiocatalysts and Their Applications 411\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRajeswaree Gohel, Dhara Gandhi, and Gaurav Sanghvi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction of Nanobiocatalyst 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Nanobiocatalysts from Herbal Alkaloid Plants Are Used in Nanotechnology and Bioengineering 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Why Use Nanobiocatalysts? 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Immobilization of Biocatalyst (Enzymes) and Nanoparticles or Nanomatrix 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Application of the Nanobiocatalyst 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.1 Application of Enzyme Immobilized on Graphene- Based Nanomaterial 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.2 Enzyme- Based Biosensor 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.2.1 Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized with the Graphene Oxide (GO) 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.2.2 HRP Biosensor Towards the Detection of Dopamine 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.2.3 HRP – Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflower 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.3 Bitter Gourd Peroxidase Immobilized with TiO 2 Nanoparticles 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.4 Immobilization of Acetylcholinesterase on Gold Nanoparticles Embedded in Sol–Gel Nanomatrix 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.5 Alcohol Dehydrogenase Immobilized with Carbon Nano Scaffold 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.6 Vanillin or Vanillin Synthase is Used as a Therapeutic Drug by Immobilizing with Nanoparticles 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.7 STR Gene Regulation with the Help of Silver Nanoparticles 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.8 Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Different Enzymes of Alkaloid Plants Conjugate on the Bioengineering Pathway 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.9 Application of Plant Extract Biocatalyst Which is Useful to Make Different Nanoparticles and Used as a Remedy. See Table 17.2. 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Conclusion 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Potential Plant Bioreactors 427\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKarishma Seem and Simardeeep Kaur\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Whole Plants: Stable and Transient Expression Systems 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Stable Expression (Whole Plant Based) 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1.1 Leaf Based 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1.2 Seed Based 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Transient Expression 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.3 In vitro Culture Systems 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.3.1 Plant Suspension Cultures 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.3.2 Hairy Root System 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.3.3 Moss 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.4 Aquatic Plants 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.4.1 Duckweed 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.4.2 Microalgae 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Unique Features of Using Plant- based Production Over Microbial and Mammalian Systems 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Better Protein Functionality 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Plant Matrix 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.3 Speed and Scalability of Production 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.4 Consumer Acceptance 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.5 Animal- free Production thus Lower Risks of Pathogen Invasion 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Strategies to Enhance the Potential of Plant- based Production Systems 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1 To Minimize Ecological Footprint via Inherent Carbon dioxide Fixation and Improved and Sustainable Fertilizer Use 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.2 Use of Pant Bioreactors to Harvest Multiple Products from a Single Process 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.3 Reduced Investment and Establishment of Vertical Farms 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.4 Use of Biodegradable Plant- based Expression Systems 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConflict of Interest 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Production of Nutraceuticals Using Plant Cell and Tissue Culture 457\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eElif Karlik and Elif Aylin Ozudogru\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Production of Secondary Metabolites as Nutraceuticals in In vitro Cultures 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.1 Nutraceuticals Used in Pharmaceuticals Industry 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.2 Nutraceuticals Used in Food and\/or Cosmetic Industry 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Conclusions 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Algal Bioreactors for Polysaccharides Production 485\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMichele Greque de Morais, Priscilla Quenia Muniz Bezerra, Kricelle Mosquera Deamici, Suelen Goettems Kuntzler, Juliana Botelho Moreira, Céline Laroche, and Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Algae 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1 Algae Producers of Polysaccharides 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2 Types of Algae Polysaccharides 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Biological Activity of Algal Polysaccharides 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Parameters that Iinfluence the Polysaccharides Production by Microalgae 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.1 Chemical Parameters 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.2 Physical Parameters 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Algal Bioreactors 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.1 Open System 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.2 Closed System 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 503\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSantosh Kumar Upadhyay\u003c\/b\u003e is Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany at Panjab University in Chandigarh, India. He works in the area of plant molecular biology for the isolation, characterization, and recombinant production of various defense-related and industrial proteins. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSudhir P. Singh \u003c\/b\u003eis a scientist of biotechnology and synthetic biology at the Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing in Mohali, India. He works in the area of gene mining and biocatalyst engineering.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn incisive and practical discussion of how to use plants as bioreactors\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn \u003ci\u003ePlants as Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules\u003c\/i\u003e, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an insightful and global perspective on the use of plants as bioreactors. In the book, you’ll find coverage of the basic, applied, biosynthetic, and translational approaches to the exploitation of plant technology in the production of high-value biomolecules. The authors focus on the yield and quality of amino acids, vitamins, and carbohydrates. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors explain how high-value biomolecules enable developers to create cost-effective biological systems for the production of biomolecules useful in a variety of sectors. They provide a holistic approach to plant-based biological devices to produce natural molecules of relevance to the health and agriculture industries. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReaders will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e A thorough overview of plants as bioreactors and discussions of molecular farming for the production of pharmaceutical proteins in plants\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e Comprehensive explorations of plants as edible vaccines and plant cell culture for biopharmaceuticals\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e Practical discussions of the production of attenuated viral particles as vaccines in plants and insecticidal protein production in transgenic plants\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e Extensive treatment of the regulatory challenges involved in using plants as bioreactors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerfect for academics, scientists, and researchers in industrial microbiology and biotechnology, \u003ci\u003ePlants as Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules\u003c\/i\u003e will also earn a place in the libraries of biotechnology company professionals in applied product development.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989799157989,"sku":"NP9781119875086","price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119875086.jpg?v=1761785512","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/plants-as-bioreactors-for-industrial-molecules-isbn-9781119875086","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}