{"product_id":"pipe-flow-isbn-9781119756439","title":"Pipe Flow","description":"\u003cb\u003ePipe Flow\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProvides detailed coverage of hydraulic analysis of piping systems, revised and updated throughout\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePipe Flow: A Practical and Comprehensive Guide\u003c\/i\u003e provides the information required to design and analyze piping systems for distribution systems, power plants, and other industrial operations. Divided into three parts, this authoritative resource describes the methodology for solving pipe flow problems, presents loss coefficient data for a wide range of piping components, and examines pressure drop, cavitation, flow-induced vibration, and other flow phenomena that affect the performance of piping systems. Throughout the book, sample problems and worked solutions illustrate the application of core concepts and techniques. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe second edition features revised and expanded information throughout, including an entirely new chapter that presents a mixing section flow model for accurately predicting jet pump performance. This edition includes additional examples, supplemental problems, and a new appendix of the speed of sound in water. With clear explanations, expert guidance, and precise hydraulic computations, this classic reference text remains required reading for anyone working to increase the quality and efficiency of modern piping systems. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscusses the fundamental physical properties of fluids and the nature of fluid flow\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDemonstrates the accurate prediction and management of pressure loss for a variety of piping components and piping systems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eReviews theoretical research on fluid flow in piping and its components\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents important loss coefficient data with straightforward tables, diagrams, and equations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes full references, further reading sections, and numerous example problems with solution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePipe Flow: A Practical and Comprehensive Guide, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e is an excellent textbook for engineering students, and an invaluable reference for professional engineers engaged in the design, operation, and troubleshooting of piping systems. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface to the First Edition xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface to the Second Edition xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNomenclature xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Methodology 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Fundamentals 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 System of Units 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Fluid Properties 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Pressure 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Temperature 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Density 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Viscosity 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Energy 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 Heat 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Velocity 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Important Dimensionless Ratios 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Reynolds Number 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Relative Roughness 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Loss Coefficient 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Mach Number 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Froude Number 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.6 Reduced Pressure 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.7 Reduced Temperature 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.8 Ratio of Specific Heats 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Equations of State 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Equation of State of Liquids 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Equation of State of Gases 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Two-Phase Mixtures 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Flow Regimes 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Similarity 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 The Principle of Similarity 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Limitations 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Conservation Equations 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Conservation of Mass 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Conservation of Momentum 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 The Momentum Flux Correction Factor 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conservation of Energy 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Potential Energy 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Pressure Energy 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3 Kinetic Energy 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.4 Heat Energy 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.5 Mechanical Work Energy 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 General Energy Equation 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Head Loss 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 The Kinetic Energy Correction Factor 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Conventional Head Loss 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Grade Lines 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Incompressible Flow 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Conventional Head Loss 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Sources of Head Loss 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Surface Friction Loss 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.1 Laminar Flow 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.2 Turbulent Flow 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.3 Reynolds Number 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1.4 Friction Factor 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Induced Turbulence 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Summing Loss Coefficients 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Compressible Flow 33\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Problem Solution Methods 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Approximate Compressible Flow using Incompressible Flow Equations 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Using Inlet or Outlet Properties 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Using Average of Inlet and Outlet Properties 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.1 Simple Average Properties 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2.2 Comprehensive Average Properties 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Using Expansion Factors 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Adiabatic Compressible Flow with Friction: Ideal Equations 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Shapiro’s Adiabatic Flow Equation 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.1 Solution when Static Pressure and Static Temperature Are Known 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.2 Solution when Static Pressure and Total Temperature Are Known 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.3 Solution when Total Pressure and Total Temperature Are Known 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1.4 Solution when Total Pressure and Static Temperature Are Known 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Turton’s Adiabatic Flow Equation 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Binder’s Adiabatic Flow Equation 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Isothermal Compressible Flow with Friction: Ideal Equation 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Isentropic Flow: Treating Changes in Flow Area 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Pressure Drop in Valves 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Two-Phase Flow 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Example Problems: Adiabatic Flow with Friction using Guess Work 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1 Solve for p\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e and t\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e − K, p\u003csub\u003e1\u003c\/sub\u003e , t\u003csub\u003e1\u003c\/sub\u003e , and ẇ are Known 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1.1 Solve Using Expansion Factor Y 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1.2 Solve Using Shapiro’s Equation 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1.3 Solve Using Binder’s Equation 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1.4 Solve Using Turton’s Equation 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2 Solve for ẇ and t\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e − K, p\u003csub\u003e1\u003c\/sub\u003e , t\u003csub\u003e1\u003c\/sub\u003e , and p\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e are Known 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2.1 Solve Using Expansion Factor Y 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2.2 Solve Using Shapiro’s Equation 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2.3 Solve Using Binder’s Equation 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2.4 Solve Using Turton’s Equation 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.3 Observations 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Example Problem: Natural Gas Pipeline Flow 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.1 Ground Rules and Assumptions 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.2 Input Data 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.3 Initial Calculations 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.4 Solution 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10.5 Comparison with Crane’s Solutions 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Network Analysis 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Coupling Effects 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Series Flow 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Parallel Flow 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Branching Flow 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Example Problem: Ring Sparger 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Ground Rules and Assumptions 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Input Parameters 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Initial Calculations 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4 Network Flow Equations 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4.1 Continuity Equations 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.4.2 Energy Equations 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.5 Solution 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Example Problem: Core Spray System 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 New, Clean Steel Pipe 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.1 Ground Rules and Assumptions 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.2 Input Parameters 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.3 Initial Calculations 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.4 Adjusted Parameters 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.5 Network Flow Equations 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1.6 Solution 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Moderately Corroded Steel Pipe 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.1 Ground Rules and Assumptions 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.2 Input Parameters 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.3 Adjusted Parameters 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.4 Network Flow Equations 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2.5 Solution 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Example Problem: Main Steam Line Pressure Drop 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.1 Ground Rules and Assumptions 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.2 Input Data 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.3 Initial Calculations 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4 Loss Coefficient Calculations 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4.1 Individual Loss Coefficients 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.4.2 Series Loss Coefficients 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.5 Pressure Drop Calculations 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.5.1 Steam Dome to Steam Drum 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.5.2 Steam Drum to Turbine Stop Valves Pressure Drop 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7.6 Predicted Pressure at Turbine Stop Valves 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Transient Analysis 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Methodology 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Example Problem: Vessel Drain Times 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Upright Cylindrical Vessel with Flat Heads 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Spherical Vessel 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Upright Cylindrical Vessel with Elliptical Heads 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Example Problem: Positive Displacement Pump 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 No Heat Transfer 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Heat Transfer 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Example Problem: Time Step Integration 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Upright Cylindrical Vessel Drain 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.1 Direct Solution 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1.2 Time Step Solution 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Uncertainty 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Error Sources 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Pressure Drop Uncertainty 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Flow Rate Uncertainty 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Example Problem: Pressure Drop 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Input Data 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Solution 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Example Problem: Flow Rate 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Input Data 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Solution 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Loss Coefficients 85\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Surface Friction 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Reynolds Number and Surface Roughness 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Friction Factor 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Laminar Flow Region 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Critical Zone 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Turbulent Flow Region 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.1 Smooth Pipes 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3.2 Rough Pipes 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 The Colebrook–White Equation 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 The Moody Chart 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Explicit Friction Factor Formulations 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Moody’s Approximate Formula 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Wood’s Approximate Formula 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 The Churchill 1973 and Swamee and Jain Formulas 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Chen’s Formula 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.5 Shacham’s Formula 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.6 Barr’s Formula 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.7 Haaland’s Formulas 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.8 Manadilli’s Formula 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.9 Romeo’s Formula 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.10 Evaluation of Explicit Alternatives to the Colebrook– White Equation 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 All-Regime Friction Factor Formulas 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Churchill’s 1977 Formula 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Modifications to Churchill’s 1977 Formula 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Absolute Roughness of Flow Surfaces 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Age and usage of Pipe 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.1 Corrosion and Encrustation 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.2 The Relationship Between Absolute Roughness and Friction Factor 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.3 Inherent Margin 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Noncircular Passages 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Entrances 101\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Sharp-Edged Entrance 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Flush Mounted 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Mounted at a Distance 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.3 Mounted at an Angle 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Rounded Entrance 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Beveled Entrance 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Entrance Through an Orifice 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Sharp-Edged Orifice 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Round-Edged Orifice 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Thick-Edged Orifice 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Beveled Orifice 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Contractions 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Flow Model 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Sharp-Edged Contraction 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Rounded Contraction 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Conical Contraction 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Surface Friction Loss 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Local Loss 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Beveled Contraction 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Smooth Contraction 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Pipe Reducer – Contracting 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Expansions 127\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Sudden Expansion 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Straight Conical Diffuser 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Multi-Stage Conical Diffusers 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Stepped Conical Diffuser 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Two-Stage Conical Diffuser 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Curved Wall Diffuser 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Pipe Reducer – Expanding 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Exits 145\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Discharge from a Straight Pipe 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Discharge from a Conical Diffuser 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Discharge from an Orifice 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Sharp-Edged Orifice 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2 Round-Edged Orifice 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3 Thick-Edged Orifice 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.4 Bevel-Edged Orifice 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Discharge from a Smooth Nozzle 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Orifices 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Generalized Flow Model 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Sharp-Edged Orifice 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 In a Straight Pipe 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 In a Transition Section 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.3 In a Wall 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Round-Edged Orifice 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 In a Straight Pipe 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 In a Transition Section 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 In a Wall 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Bevel-Edged Orifice 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.1 In a Straight Pipe 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.2 In a Transition Section 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4.3 In a Wall 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Thick-Edged Orifice 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 In a Straight Pipe 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 In a Transition Section 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 In a Wall 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Multi-Hole Orifices 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Non-Circular Orifices 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Flow Meters 173\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Flow Nozzle 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Venturi Tube 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Nozzle\/Venturi 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Bends 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Overview 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Bend Losses 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Smooth-Walled Bends 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Welded Elbows and Pipe Bends 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Coils 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Constant Pitch Helix 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Constant Pitch Spiral 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Miter Bends 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Coupled Bends 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Bend Economy 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Tees 195\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Overview 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.1 Previous Endeavors 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1.2 Observations 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Diverging Tees 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.1 Diverging Flow Through Run 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.2 Diverging Flow Through Branch 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2.3 Diverging Flow from Branch 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Converging Tees 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Converging Flow Through Run 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Converging Flow Through Branch 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3 Converging Flow into Branch 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Full-Flow Through Run 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Pipe Joints 229\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Weld Protrusion 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Backing Rings 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Misalignment 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Misaligned Pipe 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.2 Misaligned Gasket 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Valves 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Multiturn Valves 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.1 Diaphragm Valve 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.2 Gate Valve 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.3 Globe Valve 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.4 Pinch Valve 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1.5 Needle Valve 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Quarter-Turn Valves 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Ball Valve 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Butterfly Valve 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.3 Plug Valve 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Self-Actuated Valves 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.1 Check Valve 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3.2 Relief Valve 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Control Valves 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Valve Loss Coefficients 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Threaded Fittings 241\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Reducers: Contracting 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Reducers: Expanding 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Elbows 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Tees 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Couplings 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Valves 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Flow Phenomena 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Cavitation 247\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 The Nature of Cavitation 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Pipeline Design 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Net Positive Suction Head 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Example Problem: Core Spray Pump NPSH 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.1 New, Clean Steel Pipe 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.1.1 Input Parameters 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.1.2 Solution 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.1.3 Results 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.2 Moderately Corroded Steel Pipe 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.2.1 Input Parameters 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.2.2 Solution 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.2.3 Results 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Example Problem: Pipe Entrance Cavitation 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.1 Input Parameters 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.2 Calculations and Results 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Flow-induced Vibration 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Steady Internal Flow 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Steady External Flow 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Water Hammer 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Column Separation 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Temperature Rise 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Head Loss 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Pump Temperature Rise 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Example Problem: Reactor Heat Balance 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Example Problem: Vessel Heat-Up 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Example Problem: Pumping System Temperature 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Flow to Run Full 265\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Open Flow 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Full Flow 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Submerged Flow 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Example Problem: Reactor Application 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Jet Pump Performance 271\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Performance Characteristics 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Mixing Section Model 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.1 Momentum Balance 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.2 Drive Flow Mixing Coefficient 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.3 Suction Flow Mixing Coefficient 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.4 Discharge Flow Density 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2.5 Discharge Flow Viscosity 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Component Flow Losses 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3.1 Surface Friction 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3.2 Loss Coefficients 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Hydraulic Performance Flow Paths 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4.1 Drive Flow Path 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4.2 Suction Flow Path 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Flow Model Validation 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Example Problem: Water–Water Jet Pump 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6.1 Flow Conditions 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6.2 Jet Pump Geometry 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6.3 Preliminary Calculations 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6.4 Loss Coefficients 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6.5 Predicted Performance 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7 Parametric Studies 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7.1 Surface Finish Differences 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7.2 Nozzle to Throat Area Ratio Variation 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7.3 Density Differences 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7.4 Viscosity Differences 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7.5 Straight Line and Parabolic Performance Representations 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8 Epilogue 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Physical Properties of Water at 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtmosphere 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B Pipe Size Data 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Physical Constants and Unit Conversions 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D Compressibility Factor Equations 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.1 The Redlich–Kwong Equation 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.2 The Lee–Kesler Equation 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.3 Important Constants for Selected Gases 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eD.4 Compressibility Chart 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix E Adiabatic Compressible Flow with Friction Using Mach Number as a Parameter 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.1 Solution when Static Pressure and Static Temperature are Known 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.2 Solution when Static Pressure and Total Temperature are Known 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.3 Solution when Total Pressure and Total Temperature are Known 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eE.4 Solution when Total Pressure and Static Temperature are Known 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix F Velocity Profile Equations 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.1 Benedict Velocity Profile Derivation 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eF.2 Street, Watters, and Vennard Velocity Profile Derivation 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix G Speed of Sound in Water 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix H Jet Pump Performance Program 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDonald C. Rennels \u003c\/b\u003ejoined the Nuclear Energy Division of General Electric Company in 1971. His work included preparing technical design procedures and developing fluid flow models of reactor vessel internals and nuclear steam supply systems. He addressed hydraulic flow problems in the nuclear power industry worldwide. After retirement, Rennels served as a consultant at GE-Hitachi.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProvides detailed coverage of hydraulic analysis of piping systems, revised and updated throughout\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePipe Flow: A Practical and Comprehensive Guide\u003c\/i\u003e provides the information required to design and analyze piping systems for distribution systems, power plants, and other industrial operations. Divided into three parts, this authoritative resource describes the methodology for solving pipe flow problems, presents loss coefficient data for a wide range of piping components, and examines pressure drop, cavitation, flow-induced vibration, and other flow phenomena that affect the performance of piping systems. Throughout the book, sample problems and worked solutions illustrate the application of core concepts and techniques. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe second edition features revised and expanded information throughout, including an entirely new chapter that presents a mixing section flow model for accurately predicting jet pump performance. This edition includes additional examples, supplemental problems, and a new appendix of the speed of sound in water. With clear explanations, expert guidance, and precise hydraulic computations, this classic reference text remains required reading for anyone working to increase the quality and efficiency of modern piping systems. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiscusses the fundamental physical properties of fluids and the nature of fluid flow\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDemonstrates the accurate prediction and management of pressure loss for a variety of piping components and piping systems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eReviews theoretical research on fluid flow in piping and its components\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents important loss coefficient data with straightforward tables, diagrams, and equations\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes full references, further reading sections, and numerous example problems with solution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePipe Flow: A Practical and Comprehensive Guide, Second Edition\u003c\/i\u003e is an excellent textbook for engineering students, and an invaluable reference for professional engineers engaged in the design, operation, and troubleshooting of piping systems.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989792768229,"sku":"NP9781119756439","price":150.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119756439.jpg?v=1761785487","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/pipe-flow-isbn-9781119756439","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}