{"product_id":"physical-chemistry-for-the-biological-sciences-isbn-9781118859001","title":"Physical Chemistry for the Biological Sciences","description":"This book provides an introduction to physical chemistry that is directed toward applications to the biological sciences. Advanced mathematics is not required. This book can be used for either a one semester or two semester course, and as a reference volume by students and faculty in the biological sciences. \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface to First Edition xv\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface to Second Edition xvii\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTHERMODYNAMICS 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Heat, Work, and Energy 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Temperature 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Heat 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Work 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Definition of Energy 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Enthalpy 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Standard States 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Calorimetry 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Reaction Enthalpies 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Temperature Dependence of the Reaction Enthalpy 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. Entropy and Gibbs Energy 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Statement of the Second Law 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Calculation of the Entropy 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Third Law of Thermodynamics 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Molecular Interpretation of Entropy 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Gibbs Energy 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Chemical Equilibria 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Pressure and Temperature Dependence of the Gibbs Energy 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Phase Changes 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Additions to the Gibbs Energy 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. Applications of Thermodynamics to Biological Systems 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Biochemical Reactions 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Metabolic Cycles 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Direct Synthesis of ATP 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Establishment of Membrane Ion Gradients by Chemical Reactions 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Protein Structure 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Protein Folding 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Nucleic Acid Structures 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 DNA Melting 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 RNA 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. Thermodynamics Revisited 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Mathematical Tools 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Maxwell Relations 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Chemical Potential 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Partial Molar Quantities 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Osmotic Pressure 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Chemical Equilibria 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Ionic Solutions 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCHEMICAL KINETICS 95\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. Principles of Chemical Kinetics 97\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Reaction Rates 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Determination of Rate Laws 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Radioactive Decay 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Reaction Mechanisms 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Relationship Between Thermodynamics and Kinetics 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Reaction Rates Near Equilibrium 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Single Molecule Kinetics 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. Applications of Kinetics to Biological Systems 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Enzyme Catalysis: The Michaelis–Menten Mechanism 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 \u003ci\u003eα\u003c\/i\u003e-Chymotrypsin 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Ribozymes 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 DNA Melting and Renaturation 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eQUANTUM MECHANICS 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics 155\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Schrödinger Equation 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Particle in a Box 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Vibrational Motions 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Tunneling 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Rotational Motions 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Basics of Spectroscopy 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. Electronic Structure of Atoms and Molecules 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Hydrogenic Atoms 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Many-Electron Atoms 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Born–Oppenheimer Approximation 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Molecular Orbital Theory 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Hartree–Fock Theory and Beyond 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Density Functional Theory 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Quantum Chemistry of Biological Systems 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSPECTROSCOPY 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. X-ray Crystallography 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Scattering of X-Rays by a Crystal 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Structure Determination 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Neutron Diffraction 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Nucleic Acid Structure 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Protein Structure 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Enzyme Catalysis 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. Electronic Spectra 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Absorption Spectra 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Ultraviolet Spectra of Proteins 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Nucleic Acid Spectra 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Prosthetic Groups 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Difference Spectroscopy 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 RecBCD: Helicase Activity Monitored by Fluorescence 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Fluorescence Energy Transfer: A Molecular Ruler 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Application of Energy Transfer to Biological Systems 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12 Dihydrofolate Reductase 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11. Circular Dichroism, Optical Rotary Dispersion, and Fluorescence Polarization 253\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Optical Rotary Dispersion 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Circular Dichroism 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Optical Rotary Dispersion and Circular Dichroism of Proteins 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Optical Rotation and Circular Dichroism of Nucleic Acids 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Small Molecule Binding to DNA 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Protein Folding 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Interaction of DNA with Zinc Finger Proteins 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Fluorescence Polarization 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Integration of HIV Genome Into Host Genome 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 \u003ci\u003eα\u003c\/i\u003e-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12. Vibrations in Macromolecules 277\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Infrared Spectroscopy 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Raman Spectroscopy 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Structure Determination with Vibrational Spectroscopy 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Resonance Raman Spectroscopy 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Structure of Enzyme–Substrate Complexes 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Conclusion 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13. Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance 289\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 NMR Spectrometers 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Chemical Shifts 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Spin–Spin Splitting 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Relaxation Times 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Multidimensional NMR 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Electron Spin Resonance 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14. Applications of Magnetic Resonance to Biology 315\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Regulation of DNA Transcription 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Protein–DNA Interactions 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Dynamics of Protein Folding 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 RNA Folding 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Lactose Permease 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Proteasome Structure and Function 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Conclusion 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSTATISTICAL MECHANICS 331\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15. Fundamentals of Statistical Mechanics 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Kinetic Model of Gases 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Boltzmann Distribution 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Molecular Partition Function 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Ensembles 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Statistical Entropy 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Helix-Coil Transition 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16. Molecular Simulations 357\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Potential Energy Surfaces 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Molecular Mechanics and Docking 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Large-Scale Simulations 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Molecular Dynamics 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Monte Carlo 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Hybrid Quantum\/Classical Methods 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Helmholtz and Gibbs Energy Calculations 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Simulations of Enzyme Reactions 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSPECIAL TOPICS 383\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17. Ligand Binding to Macromolecules 385\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Binding of Small Molecules to Multiple Identical Binding Sites 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Macroscopic and Microscopic Equilibrium Constants 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Statistical Effects in Ligand Binding to Macromolecules 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Experimental Determination of Ligand Binding Isotherms 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Binding of Cro Repressor Protein to DNA 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Cooperativity in Ligand Binding 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8 Models for Cooperativity 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 Kinetic Studies of Cooperative Binding 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.10 Allosterism 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18. Hydrodynamics of Macromolecules 415\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Frictional Coefficient 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Diffusion 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Centrifugation 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Velocity Sedimentation 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Equilibrium Centrifugation 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Preparative Centrifugation 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Density Centrifugation 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 Viscosity 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.10 Electrophoresis 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.11 Peptide-Induced Conformational Change of a Major Histocompatibility Complex Protein 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.12 Ultracentrifuge Analysis of Protein–DNA Interactions 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19. Mass Spectrometry 441\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Mass Analysis 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS\/MS) 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Ion Detectors 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Ionization of the Sample 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Sample Preparation\/Analysis 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Proteins and Peptides 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Protein Folding 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9 Other Biomolecules 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAPPENDICES 457\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 1. Useful Constants and Conversion Factors 459\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 2. Structures of the Common Amino Acids at Neutral pH 461\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 3. Common Nucleic Acid Components 463\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 4. Standard Gibbs Energies and Enthalpies of Formation at 298 K, 1 atm, pH 7, and 0.25 M Ionic Strength 465\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 5. Standard Gibbs Energy and Enthalpy Changes for Biochemical Reactions at 298 K, 1 atm, pH 7.0, pMg 3.0, and 0.25M Ionic Strength 467\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendix 6. Introduction to Electrochemistry 469\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA6-1 Introduction 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA6-2 Galvanic Cells 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA6-3 Standard Electrochmical Potentials 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA6-4 Concentration Dependence of the Electrochemical Potential 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA6-5 Biochemical Redox Reactions 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIndex 475\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cb\u003eGordon G. Hammes,\u003c\/b\u003e PhD, is the Distinguished Service Professor of Biochemistry Emeritus at Duke University. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and has received several national awards, including the American Chemical Society Award in Biological Chemistry and the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology William C. Rose Award. Dr. Hammes was Editor of the journal \u003ci\u003eBiochemistry \u003c\/i\u003efrom 1992-2003.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSharon Hammes-Schiffer\u003c\/b\u003e, PhD, is the Swanlund Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She is a fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Chemical Society, the Biophysical Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, and the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science. Dr. Hammes-Schiffer has served as the Deputy Editor of \u003ci\u003eThe Journal of Physical Chemistry B\u003c\/i\u003e and is currently the Editor-in-Chief of \u003ci\u003eChemical Reviews\u003c\/i\u003e. \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA new edition with complete, up-to-date and expanded material for a working knowledge of physical chemistry for the biological sciences\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eThe second edition of \u003ci\u003ePhysical Chemistry for the Biological Sciences\u003c\/i\u003e builds on the success of the first edition with important updates and new material to provide a state-of-the-art introduction to physical chemistry for both professionals and students. The topics discussed include thermodynamics, kinetics, quantum mechanics, spectroscopy, statistical mechanics, and hydrodynamics. As in the first edition, most of the subjects can be understood without advanced mathematics. However, because modern day students often have a strong background in mathematics, more advanced treatments are also presented. Some of the additions are:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eMultivariable calculus, which students can have the option of utilizing if desired.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMaxwell relationships, formulation of equilibria in terms of the chemical potential, and extensive discussion of activity coefficients.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExtended treatment of quantum mechanics, including molecular vibrations and tunneling.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eElectronic structure of molecules utilizing molecular orbitals as well as Hartree-Fock and density functional theory.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStatistical mechanics, including the Boltzmann distribution, partition functions, and statistical ensembles, with applications to biology.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eComputer simulations utilizing molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods, as well as hybrid quantum\/classical approaches, and applications to enzyme reactions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e Carefully designed illustrations (some in color) and problems and examples from the biological sciences reinforce the concepts presented. Suitable for both two semester and one semester undergraduate and graduate courses in physical chemistry, this monograph can be used as a textbook, reference volume and supplementary guide for teachers, students and science professionals in all fields of chemistry and biology.","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989787427045,"sku":"NP9781118859001","price":190.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118859001.jpg?v=1761785466","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/physical-chemistry-for-the-biological-sciences-isbn-9781118859001","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}