{"product_id":"photomechanical-materials-composites-and-systems-isbn-9781119123309","title":"Photomechanical Materials, Composites, and Systems","description":"An exhaustive review of the history, current state, and future opportunities for harnessing light to accomplish useful work in materials, this book describes the chemistry, physics, and mechanics of light-controlled systems.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e•    Describes photomechanical materials and mechanisms, along with key applications\u003cbr\u003e•    Exceptional collection of leading authors, internationally recognized for their work in this growing area\u003cbr\u003e•    Covers the full scope of photomechanical materials: polymers, crystals, ceramics, and nanocomposites\u003cbr\u003e•    Deals with an interdisciplinary coupling of mechanics, materials, chemistry, and physics\u003cbr\u003e•    Emphasizes application opportunities in creating adaptive surface features, shape memory devices, and actuators; while assessing future prospects for utility in optics and photonics and soft robotics \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 A Historical Overview of Photomechanical Effects in Materials, Composites, and Systems 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eToru Ube and Tomiki Ikeda\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Photochromism in the Solid State 37\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eOleksandr S. Bushuyev and Christopher J. Barrett\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Molecular Photoswitches in the Solid State 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Molecular and Macroscopic Motion of Azobenzene Chromophores 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Photomechanical Effects 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Solid-State Photochromic Molecular Machines 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Surface Mass Transport and Phase Change Effects 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Photochromic Reactions in Framework Architectures 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Summary and Outlook 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Photomechanics: Bend, Curl, Topography, and Topology 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDaniel Corbett, Carl D. Modes, and Mark Warner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 The Photomechanics of Liquid-Crystalline Solids 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Photomechanics and Its Mechanisms 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 A Sketch of Macroscopic Mechanical Response in LC Rubbers and Glasses 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Photo- and Heat-Induced Topographical and Topological Changes 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Continuous Director Variation, Part 1 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Mechanico-Geometric Effects, Part 1 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Continuous Director Variation, Part 2 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Continuous Director Variation, Part 3 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 Mechanico-Geometric Effects, Part 2 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10 Director Fields with Discontinuities–Advanced Origami! 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.11 Mechanico-Geometric Consequences of Nonisometric Origami 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12 Conclusions 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Photomechanical Effects in Amorphous and Semicrystalline Polymers 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eJeong JaeWie\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Polymeric Materials 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 The Amorphous Polymer State 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 The Semicrystalline Polymer State 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Absorption Processes 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Photomechanical Effects in Amorphous and Semicrystalline Azobenzene-Functionalized Polymers 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Molecular Alignment 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Annealing and Aging 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Sub-Tg SegmentalMobility 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Cross-Link Density 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.11 Concluding Remarks 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Photomechanical Effects in Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Networks and Elastomers 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTimothy J. White\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Optically Responsive Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Literature Survey 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Outlook and Conclusion 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Photomechanical Effects in Polymer Nanocomposites 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBalaji Panchapakesan, Farhad Khosravi, James Loomis, and Eugene M. Terentjev\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Photomechanical Actuation in Polymer–Nanotube Composites 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Fast Relaxation of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Composite Actuators 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Highly Oriented Nanotubes for Photomechanical Response and Flexible Energy Conversion 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Photomechanical Actuation Based on 2-D Nanomaterial (Graphene)–Polymer Composites 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Applications of Photomechanical Actuation in Nanopositioning 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Future Outlook 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Photomechanical Effects in Photochromic Crystals 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLingyan Zhu, Fei Tong, Rabih O. Al-Kaysi, and Christopher J. Bardeen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 General Principles for Organic Photomechanical Materials 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 History and Background 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Modes of Mechanical Action 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Photomechanical Molecular Crystal Systems 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Future Directions 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Conclusion 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Photomechanical Effects in Piezoelectric Ceramics 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eKenji Uchino\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Photovoltaic Effect 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Photostrictive Effect 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Photostrictive Device Applications 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Concluding Remarks 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Switching Surface Topographies Based on Liquid Crystal Network Coatings 303\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDanqing Liu and Dirk J. Broer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Liquid Crystal Networks 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Conclusions 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Photoinduced Shape Programming 327\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTaylor H.Ware\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 One-Way Shape Memory 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Two-Way Shape Memory 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Summary and Outlook 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Photomechanical Effects to Enable Devices 369\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eM. Ravi Shankar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Analog Photomechanical Actuators 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Discrete-State (Digital) Photomechanical Actuators 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Photomechanical Mechanisms and Machines 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Photomechanical Effects in Materials, Composites, and Systems: Outlook and Future Challenges 393\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eTimothy J.White\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Outlook and Challenges 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Conclusion 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 405\u003c\/p\u003e   \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eTimothy J. White, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e lives and works in Dayton, OH. Dr. White is a leading researcher in the soft materials community, recently recognized by awards from the MRS, ACS, and SPIE. His research has generally focused on photoinduced effects in materials. Dr. White has published more than 100 peer-reviewed papers.      \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Photomechanical effects in materials convert light into mechanical work. The wirelessly triggered mechanical response can transform the shape, stiffness, or surface topography of the material.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e This book details the intercoupling between the mechanical response, chemistry, physics, and optics of the material system.  The interdisciplinary coverage is a product of a team of leading and diverse authors to elucidate the subject matter. Chapters address specific types of materials - polymers, single crystals, and nanocomposites - along with applications as shape-memory devices, adaptive surfaces, and actuators; before concluding with an outlook on future directions and challenges.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e An exhaustive review of the history, current state, and future opportunities for harnessing light to accomplish useful work in materials, Photomechanical Materials, Composites, and Systems: Wireless Transduction of Light into Work offers a valuable one-stop reference and resource that:   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eReviews the history and future development of a rapidly growing and dynamic area of photomechanical effects in materials\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDescribes photomechanical materials and mechanisms, along with key applications\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDeals with an interdisciplinary topic of advanced materials research with extensive description of current and future applications in optics, medicine, and robotics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cbr\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989784543461,"sku":"NP9781119123309","price":218.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119123309.jpg?v=1761785455","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/photomechanical-materials-composites-and-systems-isbn-9781119123309","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}