Photoenergy Conversion-Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells

Comprehensive presentation of upconversion luminescent materials, from fundamental theory to photovoltaic, photocatalytic, and biological applications

Photoenergy Conversion-Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells is a thorough guide to the synthesis and properties of lanthanide-based and triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion nanomaterials. The book reviews their diverse applications in the fields of photovoltaics, luminescent solar concentrator, photodetectors, photocatalysis, lasing, light-emitting diodes, high-resolution bioimaging, photothermal therapy, photoelectrochemical biosensors, optical temperature sensing, ion detection, anti-counterfeiting, förster resonant energy transfer, volumetric full-color displays, photonic quantum logic gates, and other optical fields.

Photoenergy Conversion-Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells explores sample topics including:

• Challenges in spectral response and photon management of perovskite photovoltaics (PVs)
• Down-conversion and down-shifting for high-energy uv utilization, with information on semiconductor oxides and carbon materials
• Surface plasmon resonance for light-harvesting, covering basic mechanisms as well as metal alloys and nanostructures
• Texturing for light-trapping, discussing electron transport layers with periodic nanostructures and texturing on glass or a transparent conductive oxide
• Luminescent solar concentrators for light concentration, reviewing both Pb-based and Pb-free nanocrystals

Photoenergy Conversion-Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells is an essential reference for scientists, engineers, industrial experts, and advanced students to solve fundamental and applied problems of upconversion luminescent materials and think of new innovative ideas in the field of application of phosphor materials.

Preface ix

1 Photon Energy Conversion Enhances Perovskite Photovoltaics 1

Cong Chen and Hongwei Song

1.1 The Growing Global Energy Crisis and the Role of PVs 1

1.1.1 The Global Energy Crisis 1

1.1.2 The Role of PVs 1

1.1.3 Challenges and Future Outlook 3

1.2 Emergence of Perovskite Photovoltaics 3

1.2.1 Historical Development and Key Technological Milestones 3

1.2.2 Subsequent Years Witnessed a Series of Breakthroughs 4

1.2.3 Advantages of Perovskite Photovoltaics 5

1.2.4 Challenges and Future Prospects 7

1.3 Challenges in Spectral Response and Photon Management of Perovskite Photovoltaics 9

1.3.1 Limited Spectral Utilization 9

1.3.2 Photon Management Challenges 10

1.3.2.1 Surface Reflection and Light Scattering 10

1.3.2.2 Light Trapping and Optical Path Optimization 10

1.3.2.3 Parasitic Absorption and Losses in Non-active Layers 10

1.3.2.4 Emerging Solutions and Future Directions 10

1.4 Photon Management Strategies: Addressing Energy Losses in PSCs 11

1.4.1 UC and DC 11

1.4.2 Tandem and Graded Structures 11

1.4.3 Plasmonic Enhancements 12

1.4.4 Texturing and Light-Trapping Structures 12

1.4.5 Antireflective Coatings 12

1.4.6 Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSCs) 12

1.5 The Scope of ThisWork 12

1.6 Structure of the Book 13

References 13

2 UC for Light Spectrum Expansion in Perovskite Photovoltaics 17

Cong Chen

2.1 UC Integrated in Electron Transporting Layers 21

2.2 UC Integrated in Hole Transporting Layers 23

2.3 UC Integrated in Perovskite Photoactive Layer 24

2.4 UC Applied Outside Device Structure of PSCs 26

2.5 Chapter Summary 28

References 29

3 Down-Conversion/Downshifting for High-Energy UV Utilization in Perovskite Photovoltaics 37

Cong Chen

3.1 Basic in Down-Conversion/Down-Shifting Improved Solar Cells 37

3.2 REs-Based DC Phosphors 41

3.3 Semiconductor Oxides 43

3.4 Organic Fluorescent Materials for DS in PSCs 44

3.5 Nanocrystals or Quantum Dots 47

3.6 Carbon Materials 49

3.7 Chapter Summary 50

References 50

4 Surface Plasmon Resonance for Light-Harvesting in Perovskite Photovoltaics 61

Cong Chen

4.1 Basic Mechanisms in Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) 61

4.1.1 Far-Field Scattering Effect 63

4.1.2 Near-Field Enhancement 64

4.1.3 Plasmon Resonant Energy Transfer 65

4.2 Metals Nanostructures 66

4.2.1 Metal Nanoparticles 66

4.2.2 Metal Nanostructures with Varied Shapes 69

4.2.3 Novel Metal Plasmonic Nanostructures 70

4.3 Metal@Dielectric Composites 72

4.4 Metal Alloys 75

4.5 Other Nanostructures 76

4.6 Chapter Summary 78

References 79

5 Tandem Structure for Optical Complementarity in Perovskite Photovoltaics 89

Cong Chen

5.1 Working Principle of Tandem Solar Cells 92

5.2 All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cell 94

5.3 Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cell 97

5.4 Perovskite/Quantum Dot or Perovskite/Dyes Tandem Solar Cell 99

5.5 All-Perovskite Triple-Junction Solar Cells 101

5.6 Perovskite/Perovskite/Perovskite Triple-Junction Solar Cell 104

5.7 Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple-Junction Solar Cell 110

5.8 Perovskite/Perovskite/Organic Configurations Triple-Junction Solar Cell 119

5.9 Chapter Summary 120

References 121

6 Texturing for Light-Trapping in Perovskite Photovoltaics 133

Cong Chen

6.1 Texturing on Glass or Transparent Conductive Oxide 136

6.2 Electron Transport Layers with Periodic Nanostructures 137

6.3 Texturing of Perovskite Films 139

6.4 Interface Between the Hole Transport Layer and the Metal Back Electrodes 142

6.5 Chapter Summary 145

References 146

7 Antireflection for Photon Recycling Utilization in Perovskite Photovoltaics 155

Cong Chen

7.1 Antireflection in Incident Side 156

7.2 Antireflection in Tandem Solar Cells 160

7.3 Antireflection for Colorful PSCs 162

7.4 Chapter Summary 163

References 165

8 Luminescent Solar Concentrators for Light Concentration 173

Cong Chen

8.1 Introduction to Luminescent Solar Concentrators 173

8.2 Challenges and Innovations in LSC Efficiency 175

8.3 Pb-Based Perovskite Nanocrystals in LSCs 175

8.4 Pb Free-Perovskite Nanocrystals in LSCs 180

8.5 Chapter Summary 180

References 181

9 Conclusion and Perspectives for Photon Energy Conversion in Perovskite Photovoltaics 187

Cong Chen

9.1 Perspectives 188

References 190

Index 195

Cong Chen, PhD, is a Full Professor at Hebei University of Technology (HEBUT), China. He is the youngest special-term “Yuanguang scholar” in HEBUT. His main research interest is the design of solar cells with high efficiency.

Hongwei Song, PhD, is a Full Professor at Jilin University, China. He has published over 300 scientific papers and two book chapters. His research interests focus on spectral physics and applications of rare earth ions and optoelectronics.

Comprehensive presentation of upconversion luminescent materials, from fundamental theory to photovoltaic, photocatalytic, and biological applications

Photoenergy Conversion-Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells is a thorough guide to the synthesis and properties of lanthanide-based and triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion nanomaterials. The book reviews their diverse applications in the fields of photovoltaics, luminescent solar concentrator, photodetectors, photocatalysis, lasing, light-emitting diodes, high-resolution bioimaging, photothermal therapy, photoelectrochemical biosensors, optical temperature sensing, ion detection, anti-counterfeiting, förster resonant energy transfer, volumetric full-color displays, photonic quantum logic gates, and other optical fields.

Photoenergy Conversion-Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells explores sample topics including:

• Challenges in spectral response and photon management of perovskite photovoltaics (PVs)
• Down-conversion and down-shifting for high-energy uv utilization, with information on semiconductor oxides and carbon materials
• Surface plasmon resonance for light-harvesting, covering basic mechanisms as well as metal alloys and nanostructures
• Texturing for light-trapping, discussing electron transport layers with periodic nanostructures and texturing on glass or a transparent conductive oxide
• Luminescent solar concentrators for light concentration, reviewing both Pb-based and Pb-free nanocrystals

Photoenergy Conversion-Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells is an essential reference for scientists, engineers, industrial experts, and advanced students to solve fundamental and applied problems of upconversion luminescent materials and think of new innovative ideas in the field of application of phosphor materials.