{"product_id":"pharmaceutical-calculations-isbn-9781118978511","title":"Pharmaceutical Calculations","description":"\u003cp\u003eRetaining the successful previous editions' programmed instructional format, this book improves and updates an authoritative textbook to keep pace with compounding trends and calculations – addressing real-world calculations pharmacists perform and allowing students to learn at their own pace through examples.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eConnects well with the current emphasis on self-paced and active learning in pharmacy schools\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdds a new chapter dedicated to practical calculations used in contemporary compounding, new appendices, and solutions and answers for all problems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMaintains value for teaching pharmacy students the principles while also serving as a reference for review by students in preparation for licensure exams\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRearranges chapters and rewrites topics of the previous edition, making its content ideal to be used as the primary textbook in a typical dosage calculations course for any health care professional\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eReviews of the prior edition: \"...a well-structured approach to the topic...\" (Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy) and \"...a perfectly organized manual that serves as a expert guide...\" (Electric Review)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Review of Basic Mathematical Principles1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1. Significant Figures 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2. Rounding Off 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3. Fractions 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4. Exponents and Powers 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5. Estimation 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6. Units 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7. Ratio 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8. Proportion 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9. Dimensional Analysis 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Systems of Measurement 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1. Metrology 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2. The Metric System 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3. The English Systems 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1. The Avoirdupois System 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2. The Apothecary or Troy System 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4. Measurement of Weight 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1. Metric Weight 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2. English Weight 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.1. Avoirdupois Weight 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2.2. Apothecary Weight 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.3. Practical Weight Equivalents 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5. Measurement of Volume 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.1. Metric Volume 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.2. English Volume 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5.3. Practical Volume Equivalents 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6. Measurement of Length 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7. Intersystem Relationships 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8. Household Equivalents and Metric Estimation 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Prescriptions and Medication Orders 54\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1. Prescribing Authority 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2. Components 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3. Practices to Prevent Medication Errors 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4. Common Abbreviations 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5. Outpatient Prescription Drug Orders 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1. Prescriptions for Manufactured Drug Products 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2. Prescriptions for Compounded Drug Products 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.1. Types of Compounded Orders 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.2.1. Formulation Based on Total Quantity 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2.3.2. Formulation Based on Single Dosage Unit 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6. Inpatient Medication Orders 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7. Interpretation 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8. Calculations to Check “DEA” Numbers 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9. Reducing and Enlarging Formulas 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10. Parts Formulas 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 Weighing and Measuring in Pharmacy Practice 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1. Measurement Errors 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2. Indication of Error 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1. Absolute Error: Indication of Error Based on Maximum Deviation and Significant Figures 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2. Relative Error: Indication of Error Based on Percentage of Estimated Value 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3. Tolerance in Prescription Compounding and Pharmaceutical Manufacturing 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4. Weighing and Measuring 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1. Electronic Balances 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2. Prescription Balances: Class A, Torsion 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.1. Sensitivity Requirement (SR) 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.2. Minimum Weighable Quantity (MWQ) or Least Weighable Quantity (LWQ) 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2.3. Percent Error 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3. Volumetric Devices for Pharmaceutical Measurements 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.1. The Meniscus and Effect of Viscosity 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.2. Graduates 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.3. Pipets (Pipettes) 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.4. Syringes 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3.5. Droppers 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5. Aliquot Method and Triturations 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1. Solid–Solid Aliquot Method 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2. Solid–Solid Triturations 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3. Liquid–Liquid Aliquots and Triturations 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4. Solid–Liquid Aliquots 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5. Serial Dilutions 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6. Density 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7. Specific Gravity 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Dosage Calculations 160\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1. Calculations Involving Dose, Size, Number of Doses, Amount Dispensed, and Quanity of a Specific Ingredient in a Dose 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2. Dosage Measured By Drops 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3. Dosage Based on Body Weight 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4. Dosage Based on Body Surface Area (BSA) 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5. Pediatric and Geriatric Dose Calculations 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6. Chemotherapy Dose Calculations 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Drug Concentration Expressions 203\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1. Concentration 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2. Percentage Strength Expressions 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1. Percent Volume-in-Volume 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2. Percent Weight-in-Weight 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3. Percent Weight-in-Volume 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4. Default Rules for Percentage Expressions 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5. Prescriptions and Formulations with Ingredients Listed as Percentage 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6. Using Specific Gravity to Calculate the Exact Amount of Solvent in a Solution 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.7. Converting % w\/w into %w\/v Using Specific Gravity 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3. Stock Solutions, Concentrates, and Triturations 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4. Saturated Solutions 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5. Ratio Strength Expressions 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1. Ratio Volume-in-Volume 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2. Ratio Weight-in-Volume 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3. Ratio Weight-in-Weight 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6. Other Pharmaceutical Expressions of Drug Concentration 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1. Milligrams Per Milliliter (mg\/mL) 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2. Milligrams Percent (mg%) and Miligrams Per Deciliter (mg\/dL) 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3. Parts Per Million (ppm) and Parts Per Billion (ppb) 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.4. Millimols, Milliequivalents, and Milliosmols Per Unit of Volume 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 Dilution and Concentration 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1. Problem-Solving Methodologies 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.1. Concentration Principle 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2. Mass Balance Equation 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2.1. Dilution of Powders or Solid Mixtures 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2.2. Mixing Different Strengths 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.2.3. Modifying the Drug Concentration of a Prepared Product: Increasing Drug Concentration 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3. The CQ Equation: Concentration X Quantity 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.3.1. Expanded CQ Equation 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.4. Algebraic Calculations Using the Concentration Equation and the CQ Equation 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.5. Alligation Alternate 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1.5.1. Use of Alligation When Combining More Than Two Products 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2. So, Which Method Should I Use? 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1. Stock Solutions Diluted by the Patient 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Isotonicity 310\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1. Principles 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2. Sodium Chloride Equivalent Values 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3. Isotonicity by the Sodium Chloride Equivalent Method 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1. Sodium Chloride Equivalent: Method 1 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2. Sodium Chloride Equivalent: Method 2 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4. Other Tonicity Agents 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5. Isotonicity When One Ingredient is Already Isotonic 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6. Isotonic Buffered Solutions 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1. Using the White–Vincent Method to Adjust Tonicity 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7. Other Methods 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8. Determination of the Tonicity of a Solution (Hypotonic, Isotonic, or Hypertonic) 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Dosage Calculations of Electrolytes 340\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1. Molarity and Molality 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1. Mols and Millimols 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2. mmol\/mL, mmol\/L 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2. Electrolyte Dissociation, Valence, Equivalent, and Equivalent Weight 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3. Milliequivalents, mEq\/mL, mEq\/L 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1. Problem-Solving Methods for Milliequivalents 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4. Osmolarity (Osmolar Strength) 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1. Milliosmoles and mOsm\/L 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 Calculations for Injectable Medications And Sterile Fluids 378\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1. Reconstitution of Dry Powders 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.1. Reconstituting with Volumes Other Than Those on Manufacturer’s Label 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.2. Considering Powder Volume 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1.3. Powders as Compounding Sources of Drugs 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2. Calculations Related to Units\/ml (Insulin, Heparin) and Other Units of Potency 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1. Calculations of Insulin Single Dose and Combinations 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2. Calculations of Heparin Doses 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3. Intravenous Admixtures 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4. Extemporaneous IV Fluids 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5. Flow Rates in Intravenous Sets 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1. Screening and Assessment of Nutritional Needs 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference, and Associated Disease Risks 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2. Assessment of Malnutrition 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2. Enteral Nutrition 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3. Parenteral Nutrition (PN): 2-in-1 and 3-in-1 Formulations 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4. Calculation of Nutritional Requirements 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.1. Caloric Requirement Equations 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.2. Fluid Requirement 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.3. Protein Requirement (Nitrogen) 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.4. Carbohydrate and Fat Requirements 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4.5. Micronutrient Requirements (Electrolytes, Vitamins, and Trace Elements) 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5. Calculations for Compounding Parenteral Nutrition 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1. Calculation of Electrolytes 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.2. Calculation of Carbohydrate and Fat 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.3. Calculation of Protein 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.4. Calculation of Other Additives 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6. Calculations Related to the Design of a PN 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Miscellaneous Practical Calculations in Contemporary Compounding 458\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1. Compounding with Manufactured Dosage Forms 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.1. Nonsterile Products 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1.2. Sterile Products 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2. Suppository Calculations 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1. Calibration of Molds 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3. Determination of Amount of Base\/powder Occupied by the Drug(s): Solid Dosage Forms 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1. Density Factor Method 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.2. Quantity\/Volume of Base Occupied by Drug (or Density Ratio Method) 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.3. Dosage Replacement Factor Method 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4. Lozenges and Lollipops 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1. Lozenge\/Lollipop Mold Calibration 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5. Selecting a Capsule Size 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1. The Rule of Sixes 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2. The Rule of Seven 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3. Volume Occupied by Active Ingredient in a Capsule 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6. Primary Emulsion Calculations (4:2:1 Ratio) 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7. A Little Touch of Veterinary Compounding 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice Problems 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendices 499\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1 Systems of Measurement 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2 Chemical Elements and Atomic Weights 502\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3 Calibration of Medicinal Dropper 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 4 Solutions Used to Compound PN 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 5 Conversions: Temperature, Time, Proof Strength 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 6 HLB System 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7 Drug as a Base Versus Salt or Ester 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 8 pH, Buffers, and Buffer Capacity 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 9 Normal Concentration 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10 Biologics for Immunization 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiterature Consulted 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 531\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaria Glaucia Teixeira, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is Associate Professor Emeritus in the School of Pharmacy at the University of Wyoming, where she retired after 23 years on the faculty, following 10 years as Professor at the Federal University of Ceará in Fortaleza, Brazil. She has received numerous recognitions for her teaching, including the Top Prof and Excellence in Teaching awards while at University of Wyoming. She received her PhD in Pharmacology at Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJoel L. Zatz, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor Emeritus at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReviews of the 4th Edition:\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"…a well-structured approach to the topic…\"\u003cbr\u003e (Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, No. 1, 2006) \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\"...a perfectly organized manual that serves as an expert guide…\"\u003cbr\u003e (Electric Review, November\/December 2005) \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUpdated and improved in a 5th Edition, \u003ci\u003ePharmaceutical Calculations\u003c\/i\u003e retains the logical, programmed format that has become the hallmark of this textbook. Used successfully by pharmacy students and professionals for several decades, this classic text encourages an active learning approach to tackling and solving calculation problems. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFeatures in this new edition include: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e A self-paced and active learning approach that allows students to reinforce and build on previously learned concepts, with specific learning objectives and practice questions in each chapter\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e Significant rearrangement of chapters and rewrite of topics from the previous edition, making content ideal for textbook use in a typical dosage calculations course for any health care professional\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e Added practice problems (NAPLEX-patterned) to reflect real practice situations a pharmacist and\/or other health care professionals will encounter when working in various settings\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e A new chapter dedicated to practical calculations used in contemporary compounding, new appendices, and solutions and answers for all problems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePharmaceutical Calculations, 5th Edition\u003c\/i\u003e reflects the modern trends and practices in pharmaceutical education and incorporates the most recent changes in pharmacy practice. The text effectively helps students master the essential methods for calculation and measurement of pharmaceuticals. This clear, comprehensive resource presents a highly practical description of pharmaceutical calculations that focuses on day-to-day professional needs. It is an ideal primary text for students of pharmacy, as well as an invaluable reference for professionals.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989772353765,"sku":"NP9781118978511","price":68.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118978511.jpg?v=1761785420","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/pharmaceutical-calculations-isbn-9781118978511","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}