{"product_id":"nutrition-and-hiv-isbn-9781405182706","title":"Nutrition and HIV","description":"Today over 40 million adults and children worldwide are infected with HIV, however knowledge of the disease has increased greatly and the prognosis is now good for those with access to anti-retroviral treatment.  \u003cp\u003eFor many, HIV is now a long-term chronic condition and with decreased mortality, patient requirements and disease patterns have changed, making it increasingly apparent to health care professionals that the treatment of HIV should include optimum nutrition and healthy lifestyle interventions to help sufferers lead long and healthy lives.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this essential new book an international team of authors under the editorship of Specialist HIV Dietitian Vivian Pribram bring together the latest research to provide the practicing dietitian and nutritionist with a practical guide to the nutritional care of the HIV and AIDS patient. Students and other health care professionals working and studying this area will also find \u003ci\u003eNutrition and HIV\u003c\/i\u003e an important and valuable resource.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION 1: INTRODUCTION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Human Immunodeficiency Virus 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTanya Welz, Amanda Samarawickrama, Vivian Pribram, Bavithra Nathan, Lisa Hamzah and Emily Cheserem\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Current state of the epidemic 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 HIV transmission 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 About the virus 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Diagnosis of HIV 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Measurement of CD4 cells 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Natural history of untreated HIV infection and AIDS 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Staging and classification of HIV disease 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Monitoring the HIV pandemic 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Prevention 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Effect of antiretroviral therapy on the HIV epidemic 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12 Stigma 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Introduction to Nutrition and HIV 18\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eVivian Pribram\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Malnutrition, infectious disease and immune function 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 HIV infection and decreased nutritional status 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Nutritional screening and assessment 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Metabolic and morphological complications 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Paediatric undernutrition and maternal and child health 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Healthy eating and management of HIV for well-being and longevity 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Management of co-morbidities and serious non-HIV conditions 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 End-of-life care and ethical issues 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION 2: PAEDIATRIC NUTRITION, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Malnutrition, Infant Feeding, Maternal and Child Health 35\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTheresa Banda, Vivian Pribram, Margaret Lawson, Catherine Mkangama and Gertrude Nyirenda\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Maternal health and nutrition 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Mother-to-child transmission 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Infant feeding in the context of HIV 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Malnutrition in children with HIV 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Paediatric Nutritional Screening, Assessment and Support 58\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLisa Cooke\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Nutritional assessment and screening 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Dietary assessment – what to do 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Nutritional support 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Adherence, Symptom Management, Psychological Aspects and Multidisciplinary Care of Children with HIV 72\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDaya Nayagam, Paul Archer, Susheela Sababady, Shema Doshi, and Ella Sherlock\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Transmission of HIV in children and young people 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (vertical transmission) 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Clinical presentation of paediatric HIV infection 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Failure to thrive 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Central nervous system 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Hepatosplenomegaly 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Older children 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 HIV disease and opportunistic infections 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Prophylaxis 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Antiretroviral treatment for children 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Monitoring of paediatric HIV infection 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.12 Caring for children and their families in the community 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.13 Adherence, symptom management, psychological aspects and multidisciplinary care of children with HIV and AIDS 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14 Nutritional care in a multidisciplinary team setting 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.15 The psychological effects of HIV on family functioning – key themes which arise in a child setting 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Healthy Eating, Prevention and Management of Obesity and Long-Term Complications in Children 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJulie Lanigan\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Metabolic complications 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Malnutrition and HIV 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Micronutrients and HIV 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Obesity 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Lipodystrophy 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Assessment and monitoring 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Dietary intake assessment 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Advice for healthy eating 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Conclusion 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION 3: NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF HIV DISEASE\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Decreased Nutritional Status and Nutritional Interventions for People Living with HIV 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eVivian Pribram\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction\/Background 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Malnutrition, weight loss and wasting 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Significance of involuntary weight loss 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Definitions of HIV-related weight loss and wasting 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Prevalence 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Aetiology 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Nutritional requirements 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Nutritional management 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Non-nutritional treatments for HIV-related muscle wasting 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Micronutrients 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.11 Conclusions 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Nutritional Screening and Assessment 132\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSarah Woodman, Michelle Sutcliffe and Amy McDonald\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Overview 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Nutritional screening in the clinical setting 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Nutritional assessment 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Biochemical assessment 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Clinical assessment 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Dietary and lifestyle assessment 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Conclusion 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Symptom Control and Management 157\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLouise Houtzager and Tim Barnes\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Symptoms experienced by people living with HIV 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Referring patients to a dietitian for symptom control and management 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Goals of dietary symptom management strategies 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Symptom control and management of diarrhoea 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Symptom control and management of loss of appetite 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Mouth pain, taste changes and swallowing difficulties 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Reflux (heartburn) 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Symptom control and management of nausea and vomiting 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Symptom control and management of fatigue 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Conclusion 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 The Nutritional Management of Complications Associated with HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy 176\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAlastair Duncan and Karen Klassen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Aetiology of metabolic side effects 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Prevalence of metabolic side effects 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Assessment of metabolic parameters and cardiovascular disease risk 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Management of dyslipidaemias 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Management of impaired glucose metabolism 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Management of altered fat distribution 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Altered bone metabolism 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Management of lactic acidaemia 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.10 Peripheral neuropathy 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11 Routine assessment, dietary and lifestyle management of metabolic complications 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.12 Summary 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Community Interventions in Resource-Limited Settings 212\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eClaire de Menezes and Kate Ogden\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 HIV and nutrition in resource-limited settings 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Assessment of needs and capacities 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Targeting 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Nutrition counselling and education 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Targeted food supplementation programmes 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Support of HIV-positive pregnant women 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Breastfeeding and infant feeding support 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Support for other vulnerable groups 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Treatment of severe acute malnutrition in HIV context 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Micronutrient supplementation programmes 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Livelihood support and ensuring access to food 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.13 Community mobilisation to support people living with HIV 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.14 Monitoring 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.15 Other issues 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.16 Conclusion 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION 4: HEALTHY LIVING AND LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Medications, Adherence and Interactions with Food 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAngela Bailey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 HIV medications – background 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Drug interactions 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Micronutrients used in HIV infection 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Food and drug interactions 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Adherence 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Adherence and food 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Looking to the future 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Conclusion 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Healthy Eating and Well-Being 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eVivian Pribram and Kirsten Foster\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Diet, lifestyle and disease prevention 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 The importance of healthy eating for people living with HIV (PLHIV) 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Factors that affect healthy eating and improved well-being among PLHIV 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Other lifestyle factors that influence health outcomes 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Principles of healthy eating 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Portion sizes and quantity of food required 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Weight management for people living with HIV 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Summary 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Exercise and Physical Activity and Long-Term Management of HIV 302\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJoanna Lucy Bowtell and Rebecca Weissbort\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Observational studies 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Effect of exercise on immunological parameters 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Effect of exercise on wasting 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Management of metabolic disturbances with exercise programmes 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Effect of exercise on quality of life and physical capacity 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Exercise prescription for people living with HIV\/AIDS 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Practical considerations for exercise prescription 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 Exercise programme for a patient living with HIV 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 Conclusion 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Mental Health 324\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eShirley Hamilton and Christian Lee\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Mental disorders and nutrition 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Acute cognitive impairment 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Delirium and nutrition 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Chronic cognitive impairment 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Chronic cognitive impairment and nutrition 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Depression 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Depression and nutrition 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Management of depression 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 Suicide 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.11 Management of suicidal ideation 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.12 Mania 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.13 Mania and nutrition 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.14 Anxiety 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.15 Psychosis 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.16 Socio-economic factors for mental health\/HIV clients affecting nutrition 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.17 Personality disorders 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.18 Dual diagnosis 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.19 Nutritional management of patients with HIV\/mental health issues 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Complementary and Alternative Therapy 345\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eCharle Maritz, Sharon Byrne and Vivian Pribram\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Safety and regulation of CAT therapy 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Use of CAT 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Factors influencing use of CAT 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 CAT use in HIV 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Reasons for CAT use among PLHIV 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Information sources about CAT 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Disclosure of CAT use 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Evidence for the use of CAT 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 Dietary supplements 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11 Dietary supplement use among PLHIV 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.12 Knowledge of drug–CAT interactions 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.13 Herbal remedies 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.14 Addressing patients’ use of CAT 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.15 Conclusions 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Food and Water Safety 360\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLouise Houtzager\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Why food and water safety is important for PLHIV 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Causes of food- and waterborne illness in PLHIV 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Management and prevention of food-borne illness 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Conclusion 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION 5: THE NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF HIV AND CO-MORBIDITIES\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 The Nutritional Management of Patients Living with Tuberculosis and HIV Co-Infection 385\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLouise Houtzager, Tim Barnes and Kirilee Matters\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Tuberculosis 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Epidemiology 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 The relationship between tuberculosis and HIV 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Medical issues 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Nutrition, HIV infection and TB 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Nutrition screening 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Nutrition assessment: special considerations in TB 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 Nutritional treatment\/intervention 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 Recommendations 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 The Nutritional Management of Patients Living with HIV and Renal Disease 396\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDeepa Kariyawasam\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Presentation and symptoms 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Screening 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Diagnosis 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Classification of chronic kidney disease 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Treatment 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Methods of renal replacement therapy 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Renal transplantation 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9 Nutritional issues on dialysis 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.10 Nutritional assessment 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.11 Nutritional requirements 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.12 Treatment 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.13 Conclusion 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 The Nutritional Management of Patients Living with HIV and Liver Disease 412\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTracy Russell and Ruth Westwood\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Nutrition and liver disease 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Liver transplantation 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Nutritional interventions for hepatitis C 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 HIV and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Use of complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) in liver disease 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 Vulnerable groups 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 Conclusion 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Critical Care, Respiratory and Multi-organ Failure 427\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSarah Cassimjee\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Background\/overview 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Diseases and infections associated with ITU admission 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Neurological failure 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Cardiovascular failure 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Gastrointestinal (GI) failure 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Liver failure 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.8 Renal failure 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.9 Medical treatment 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.10 Nutritional considerations 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.11 Nutritional assessment 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.12 Nutritional requirements 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.13 Nutritional treatments\/intervention 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.14 Early feeding and the use of enteral feeding protocols 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.15 Conclusion 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Nutritional Management of Patients Living with HIV and Cancer 442\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eRachael Donnelly and Rachel Barrett\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Science of cancer 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Overview of cancer treatments 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Cancers in HIV infection 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Nutrition in the management of non-surgical oncology patients 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSECTION 6: PALLIATIVE, END OF LIFE CARE AND NUTRITION\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Nutrition and End of Life Care 459\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eVivian Pribram\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Introduction 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Palliative care 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Nutritional care in later stages of progressive illness 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Ethical and legal considerations 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Withdrawal of nutrition 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Implications for practice 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7 Conclusion 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAPPENDICES 473\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 1 WHO Clinical Staging of HIV\/AIDS for Adults and Adolescents 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 2 Weight-for-Height Reference Card (87 cm and above) 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 3 Weight-for-Length Reference Card (below 87 cm) 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 4 Guidance Table to Identify Target Weight 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 5 Basic Steps in Estimating Energy Requirements for Adults 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 6 NICE Guidelines: What to Give in Hospital and the Community 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 7 Basic Steps in Estimation of Nitrogen Requirements for Adults (Source: Elia, 1990) 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 8 Summary of ESPEN Statements: HIV and Nutritional Therapy 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 9 Form for Monitoring Anthropometry Measurements 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 10 Equations to Calculate Height and Estimation of Height from Ulna Length 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 11 Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 12 Mid Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC) 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 13 Biochemical Reference Ranges 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 14 Ways to Improve Adherence to TB Medication 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 15 The BCG Vaccination 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 495\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e“Students and other health care professionals working and studying this area will also find Nutrition and HIV an important and valuable resource.”\u003ci\u003e  (MedReview\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 November 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \"This book delivers comprehensive, evidenced-based information on the nutritional management of HIV patients. Given the great detail, it would best serve as a resource for dietitians who regularly care for HIV patients.\" (Doody's, 19 August 2011)  \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  Vivian Pribram, Specialist Dietitian, King’s College Hospital, London, UK  Today over 40 million adults and children worldwide are infected with HIV, however knowledge of the disease has increased greatly and the prognosis is now good for those with access to anti-retroviral treatment.  \u003cp\u003eFor many, HIV is now a long-term chronic condition and with decreased mortality, patient requirements and disease patterns have changed, making it increasingly apparent to health care professionals that the treatment of HIV should include optimum nutrition and healthy lifestyle interventions to help sufferers lead long and healthy lives.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this essential new book an international team of authors under the editorship of Specialist HIV Dietitian Vivian Pribram bring together the latest research to provide the practicing dietitian and nutritionist with a practical guide to the nutritional care of the HIV and AIDS patient. Students and other health care professionals working and studying this area will also find \u003ci\u003eNutrition and HIV\u003c\/i\u003e an important and valuable resource.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989704884453,"sku":"NP9781405182706","price":90.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781405182706.jpg?v=1761785178","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/nutrition-and-hiv-isbn-9781405182706","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}