{"product_id":"multiscale-simulations-and-mechanics-of-biological-materials-isbn-9781118350799","title":"Multiscale Simulations and Mechanics of Biological Materials","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMultiscale Simulations and Mechanics of Biological Materials\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eA compilation of recent developments in multiscale simulation and computational\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ebiomaterials written by leading specialists in the field\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresenting the latest developments in multiscale mechanics and multiscale simulations, and offering a unique viewpoint on multiscale modelling of biological materials, this book outlines the latest developments in computational biological materials from atomistic and molecular scale simulation on DNA, proteins, and nano-particles, to meoscale soft matter modelling of cells, and to macroscale soft tissue and blood vessel, and bone simulations. Traditionally, computational biomaterials researchers come from biological chemistry and biomedical engineering, so this is probably the first edited book to present work from these talented computational mechanics researchers. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book has been written to honor Professor Wing Liu of Northwestern University, USA, who has made pioneering contributions in multiscale simulation and computational biomaterial in specific simulation of drag delivery at atomistic and molecular scale and computational cardiovascular fluid mechanics via immersed finite element method.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey features:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers a unique interdisciplinary approach to multiscale biomaterial modelling aimed at both accessible introductory and advanced levels\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents a breadth of computational approaches for modelling biological materials across multiple length scales (molecular to whole-tissue scale), including solid and fluid based approaches \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA companion website for supplementary materials plus links to contributors’ websites (www.wiley.com\/go\/li\/multiscale)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e  \u003cp\u003eAbout the Editors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I MULTISCALE SIMULATION THEORY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Atomistic-to-Continuum Coupling Methods for Heat Transfer in Solids 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eGregory J. Wagner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 The Coupled Temperature Field 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Spatial Reduction 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Time Averaging 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Coupling the MD and Continuum Energy 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 The Coupled System 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Continuum Heat Transfer 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Augmented MD 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Examples 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 One-Dimensional Heat Conduction 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Thermal Response of a Composite System 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Coupled Phonon-Electron Heat Transport 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Examples: Phonon–Electron Coupling 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Equilibration of Electron\/Phonon Energies 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Laser Heating of a Carbon Nanotube 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Discussion 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Accurate Boundary Treatments for Concurrent Multiscale Simulations 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eShaoqiang Tang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Time History Kernel Treatment 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Harmonic Chain 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Square Lattice 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Velocity Interfacial Conditions: Matching the Differential Operator 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 MBCs: Matching the Dispersion Relation 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Harmonic Chain 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 FCC Lattice 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Accurate Boundary Conditions: Matching the Time History Kernel Function 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Two-Way Boundary Conditions 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Conclusions 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 A Multiscale Crystal Defect Dynamics and Its Applications 43\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLisheng Liu and Shaofan Li\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Multiscale Crystal Defect Dynamics 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 How and Why the MCDD Model Works 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Multiscale Finite Element Discretization 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Numerical Examples 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Discussion 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Application of Many-Realization Molecular Dynamics Method to Understand the Physics of Nonequilibrium Processes in Solids 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eYao Fu and Albert C. To\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Chapter Overview and Background 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Many-Realization Method 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Application of the Many-Realization Method to Shock Analysis 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Conclusions 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Multiscale, Multiphysics Modeling of Electromechanical Coupling in Surface-Dominated Nanostructures 77\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eHarold S. Park and Michel Devel\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Atomistic Electromechanical Potential Energy 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Atomistic Electrostatic Potential Energy: Gaussian Dipole Method 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Finite Element Equilibrium Equations from Total Electromechanical Potential Energy 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Bulk Electrostatic Piola–Kirchoff Stress 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Cauchy–Born Kinematics 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Comparison of Bulk Electrostatic Stress with Molecular Dynamics Electrostatic Force 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Surface Electrostatic Stress 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 One-Dimensional Numerical Examples 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Verification of Bulk Electrostatic Stress 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Verification of Surface Electrostatic Stress 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusions and Future Research 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Towards a General Purpose Design System for Composites 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJacob Fish\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Motivation 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 General Purpose Multiscale Formulation 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 The Basic Reduced-Order Model 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Enhanced Reduced-Order Model 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Mechanistic Modeling of Fatigue via Multiple Temporal Scales 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Coupling of Mechanical and Environmental Degradation Processes 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Mathematical Model 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Mathematical Upscaling 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Computational Upscaling 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Uncertainty Quantification of Nonlinear Model of Micro-Interfaces and Micro-Phases 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II PATIENT-SPECIFIC FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION MODELING, SIMULATION AND DIAGNOSIS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Patient-Specific Computational Fluid Mechanics of Cerebral Arteries with Aneurysm and Stent 119\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eKenji Takizawa, Kathleen Schjodt, Anthony Puntel, Nikolay Kostov, and Tayfun E. Tezduyar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Mesh Generation 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Computational Results 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Computational Models 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Comparative Study 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 Evaluation of Zero-Thickness Representation 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Concluding Remarks 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Application of Isogeometric Analysis to Simulate Local Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery in Patient-Specific Coronary Arteries 149\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eShaolie S. Hossain and Yongjie Zhang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Materials and Methods 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Mathematical Modeling 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Parameter Selection 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Mesh Generation from Medical Imaging Data 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Results 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Extraction of NP Wall Deposition Data 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Drug Distribution in a Normal Artery Wall 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Drug Distribution in a Diseased Artery Wall with a Vulnerable Plaque 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Conclusions and Future Work 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Modeling and Rapid Simulation of High-Frequency Scattering Responses of Cellular Groups 169\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTarek Ismail Zohdi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Ray Theory: Scope of Use and General Remarks 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Ray Theory 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Plane Harmonic Electromagnetic Waves 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 General Plane Waves 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Electromagnetic Waves 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Optical Energy Propagation 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Reflection and Absorption of Energy 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.5 Computational Algorithm 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.6 Thermal Conversion of Optical Losses 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Summary 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Electrohydrodynamic Assembly of Nanoparticles for Nanoengineered Biosensors 193\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJae-Hyun Chung, Hyun-Boo Lee, and Jong-Hoon Kim\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction for Nanoengineered Biosensors 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Electric-Field-Induced Phenomena 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Electrophoresis 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Dielectrophoresis 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 Electroosmotic and Electrothermal Flow 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 Brownian Motion Forces and Drag Forces 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Geometry Dependency of Dielectrophoresis 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Electric-Field-Guided Assembly of Flexible Molecules in Combination with other Mechanisms 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Dielectrophoresis in Combination with Fluid Flow 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Dielectrophoresis in Combination with Binding Affinity 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Dielectrophoresis in Combination with Capillary Action and Viscosity 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Selective Assembly of Nanoparticles 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Size-Selective Deposition of Nanoparticles 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Electric-Property Sorting of Nanoparticles 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Summary and Applications 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Advancements in the Immersed Finite-Element Method and Bio-Medical Applications 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLucy Zhang, Xingshi Wang, and Chu Wang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Formulation 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 The Immersed Finite Element Method 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Semi-Implicit Immersed Finite Element Method 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Bio-Medical Applications 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Red Blood Cell in Bifurcated Vessels 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Human Vocal Folds Vibration during Phonation 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Conclusions 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Immersed Methods for Compressible Fluid–Solid Interactions 219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eXiaodong Sheldon Wang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Background and Objectives 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Results and Challenges 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Formulations, Theories, and Results 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Stability Analysis 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Kernel Functions 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 A Simple Model Problem 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5 Compressible Fluid Model for General Grids 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.6 Multigrid Preconditioner 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Conclusion 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III FROM CELLULAR STRUCTURE TO TISSUES AND ORGANS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 The Role of the Cortical Membrane in Cell Mechanics: Model and Simulation 241\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLouis Foucard, Xavier Espinet, Eduard Benet, and Franck J. Vernerey\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 The Physics of the Membrane–Cortex Complex and Its Interactions 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.1 The Mechanics of the Membrane–Cortex Complex 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2.2 Interaction of the Membrane with the Outer Environment 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Formulation of the Membrane Mechanics and Fluid–Membrane Interaction 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Kinematics of Immersed Membrane 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Variational Formulation of the Immersed MCC Problem 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Principle of Virtual Power and Conservation of Momentum 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 The Extended Finite Element and the Grid-Based Particle Methods 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Examples 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.1 The Equilibrium Shapes of the Red Blood Cell 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.2 Cell Endocytosis 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5.3 Cell Blebbing 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Conclusion 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Role of Elastin in Arterial Mechanics 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eYanhang Zhang and Shahrokh Zeinali-Davarani\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 The Role of Elastin in Vascular Diseases 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Mechanical Behavior of Elastin 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Orthotropic Hyperelasticity in Arterial Elastin 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Viscoelastic Behavior 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Constitutive Modeling of Elastin 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Conclusions 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Biological Tissue: Application to the FEM Analysis of the Urinary Bladder 283\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eEugenio Oñate, Facundo J. Bellomo, Virginia Monteiro, Sergio Oller, and Liz G. Nallim\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Inverse Approach for the Material Characterization of Biological Soft Tissues via a Generalized Rule of Mixtures 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Constitutive Model for Material Characterization 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Definition of the Objective Function and Materials Characterization Procedure 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Validation of the Inverse Model for Urinary Bladder Tissue Characterization 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 FEM Analysis of the Urinary Bladder 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Constitutive Model for Tissue Analysis 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Validation. Test Inflation of a Quasi-incompressible Rubber Sphere 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Mechanical Simulation of Human Urinary Bladder 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Study of Urine–Bladder Interaction 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Conclusions 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Structure Design of Vascular Stents 301\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eYaling Liu, Jie Yang, Yihua Zhou, and Jia Hu\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Ideal Vascular Stents 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Design Parameters that Affect the Properties of Stents 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.1 Expansion Method 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.2 Stent Materials 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.3 Structure of Stents 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3.4 Effect of Design Parameters on Stent Properties 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Main Methods for Vascular Stent Design 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Vascular Stent Design Method Perspective 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Applications of Meshfree Methods in Explicit Fracture and Medical Modeling 319\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDaniel C. Simkins, Jr.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Explicit Crack Representation 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.1 Two-Dimensional Cracks 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.2 Three-Dimensional Cracks in Thin Shells 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.3 Material Model Requirements 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2.4 Crack Examples 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Meshfree Modeling in Medicine 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Design of Dynamic and Fatigue-Strength-Enhanced Orthopedic Implants 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSagar Bhamare, Seetha Ramaiah Mannava, Leonora Felon, David Kirschman, Vijay Vasudevan, and Dong Qian\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Fatigue Life Analysis of Orthopedic Implants 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Fatigue Life Testing for Implants 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Fatigue Life Prediction 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 LSP Process 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 LSP Modeling and Simulation 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1 Pressure Pulse Model 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.2 Constitutive Model 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.3 Solution Procedure 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Application Example 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.1 Implant Rod Design 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.2 Residual Stresses 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.3 Fatigue Tests and Life Predictions 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Summary 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV BIO-MECHANICS AND MATERIALS OF BONES AND COLLAGENS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Archetype Blending Continuum Theory and Compact Bone Mechanics 353\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eKhalil I. Elkhodary, Michael Steven Greene, and Devin O’Connor\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.1 A Short Look at the Hierarchical Structure of Bone 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.2 A Background of Generalized Continuum Mechanics 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1.3 Notes on the Archetype Blending Continuum Theory 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 ABC Formulation 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.1 Physical Postulates and the Resulting Kinematics 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2.2 ABC Variational Formulation 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Constitutive Modeling in ABC 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.1 General Concept 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.2 Blending Laws for Cortical Bone Modeling 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 The ABC Computational Model 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Results and Discussion 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.1 Propagating Strain Inhomogeneities across Osteons 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.2 Normal and Shear Stresses in Osteons 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.3 Rotation and Displacement Fields in Osteons 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.4 Damping in Cement Lines 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5.5 Qualitative Look at Strain Gradients in Osteons 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Conclusion 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Image-Based Multiscale Modeling of Porous Bone Materials 377\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJudy P. Yang, Sheng-Wei Chi, and Jiun-Shyan Chen\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Overview 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Homogenization of Porous Microstructures 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1 Basic Equations of Two-Phase Media 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2 Asymptotic Expansion of Two-Phase Medium 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.3 Homogenized Porous Media 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Level Set Method for Image Segmentation 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.1 Variational Level Set Formulation 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3.2 Strong Form Collocation Methods for Active Contour Model 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Image-Based Microscopic Cell Modeling 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.1 Solution of Microscopic Cell Problems 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.2 Reproducing Kernel and Gradient-Reproducing Kernel Approximations 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.3 Gradient-Reproducing Kernel Collocation Method 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Trabecular Bone Modeling 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Conclusions 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Modeling Nonlinear Plasticity of Bone Mineral from Nanoindentation Data 403\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAmir Reza Zamiri and Suvranu De\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Methods 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Results 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Conclusions 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Mechanics of Cellular Materials and its Applications 411\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJi Hoon Kim, Daeyong Kim, and Myoung-Gyu Lee\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Biological Cellular Materials 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1.1 Structure of Bone 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1.2 Mechanical Properties of Bone 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1.3 Failure of Bone 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1.4 Simulation of Bone 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Engineered Cellular Materials 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2.1 Constitutive Models for Metal Foams 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2.2 Structure Modeling of Cellular Materials 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2.3 Simulation of Cellular Materials 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Biomechanics of Mineralized Collagens 435\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAshfaq Adnan, Farzad Sarker, and Sheikh F. Ferdous\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Introduction 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1.1 Mineralized Collagen 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1.2 Molecular Origin and Structure of Mineralized Collagen 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1.3 Bone Remodeling, Bone Marrow Microenvironment, and Biomechanics of Mineralized Collagen 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Computational Method 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2.1 Molecular Structure of Mineralized Collagen 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2.2 The Constant-pH Molecular Dynamics Simulation 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Results 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3.1 First-Order Estimation of pH-Dependent TC–HAP Interaction Possibility 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3.2 pH-Dependent TC–HAP Interface Interactions 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Summary and Conclusions 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 449\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShaofan Li\u003c\/strong\u003e is Professor of Applied and Computational Mechanics in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at University of California, Berkeley, USA. He gained his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Northwestern University, Illinois, in 1997, having previously earned his MSc in Aerospace Engineering. His current research interests include Meshfree Simulations of Adiabatic Shear Band and Spall Fracture, Simulations of Stem Cell Differentiations, and Multiscale Non-equilibrium Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics. Dr Li is the author of numerous articles and conference proceedings. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDong Qian\u003c\/strong\u003e is Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of Graduate Study for the Mechanical Engineering Program at the University of Cincinnati, USA. He obtained his BS degree in Bridge Engineering in 1994 from Tongji University in China. He came to US in 1996 and obtained M.S. degree in civil engineering at the University of Missouri-Columbia in 1998. Dr. Qian is a member of the US association for computational mechanics and ASME. He has published over 40 journal papers and book chapters. His research interests include nano-scale modeling, simulation and applications, meshfree methods, and development of multi-scale methods in solid mechanics.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMultiscale Simulations and Mechanics of Biological Materials\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eA compilation of recent developments in multiscale simulation and computational\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cb\u003ebiomaterials written by leading specialists in the field\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePresenting the latest developments in multiscale mechanics and multiscale simulations, and offering a unique viewpoint on multiscale modelling of biological materials, this book outlines the latest developments in computational biological materials from atomistic and molecular scale simulation on DNA, proteins, and nano-particles, to meoscale soft matter modelling of cells, and to macroscale soft tissue and blood vessel, and bone simulations. Traditionally, computational biomaterials researchers come from biological chemistry and biomedical engineering, so this is probably the first edited book to present work from these talented computational mechanics researchers. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book has been written to honor Professor Wing Liu of Northwestern University, USA, who has made pioneering contributions in multiscale simulation and computational biomaterial in specific simulation of drag delivery at atomistic and molecular scale and computational cardiovascular fluid mechanics via immersed finite element method.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey features:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers a unique interdisciplinary approach to multiscale biomaterial modelling aimed at both accessible introductory and advanced levels\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents a breadth of computational approaches for modelling biological materials across multiple length scales (molecular to whole-tissue scale), including solid and fluid based approaches \u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA companion website for supplementary materials plus links to contributors’ websites (www.wiley.com\/go\/li\/multiscale)\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989663760613,"sku":"NP9781118350799","price":158.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118350799.jpg?v=1761785011","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/multiscale-simulations-and-mechanics-of-biological-materials-isbn-9781118350799","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}