{"product_id":"monitoring-for-health-hazards-at-work-isbn-9781119614968","title":"Monitoring for Health Hazards at Work","description":"\u003cb\u003eMONITORING FOR HEALTH HAZARDS AT WORK\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMonitoring for Health Hazards at Work\u003c\/i\u003e remains the seminal textbook on measuring and ­controlling the risk of workplace exposure to physical, chemical, and biological hazards. Designed for students studying occupational hygiene and exposure science, this comprehensive and accessible volume provides step-by-step guidance on identifying hazards and quantifying their risks in various workplace environments. Complete with checklists and practical examples, the authors present clear explanations of all types of hazards that can arise in the workplace, including dust, particles, fibrous aerosols, gases, vapours, and bioaerosols.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe fifth edition features revised material throughout, and remains an essential resource for students and professionals in occupational hygiene, reflecting global standards and recent developments in monitoring equipment, modelling methods, exposure assessment, and legislation on workplace safety. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cbl\u003eSeveral new or substantially revised chapters cover topics such as human biomonitoring, exposure modelling, hazardous substances, physical agents, evaluating ventilation, PPE, and other control measures\u003c\/bl\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cbl\u003eUpdated sections discuss the equipment currently available, the importance of risk communication, assessing dermal and inadvertent ingestion exposures, and more\u003c\/bl\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cbl\u003eExamines common workplace comfort issues such as noise, vibration, heat and cold, and lighting\u003c\/bl\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cbl\u003eOffers practical advice on conducting and presenting risk assessments and reports\u003c\/bl\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cbl\u003eDiscusses the future of the development and application of hazard measurement equipment and methods\u003c\/bl\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMonitoring for Health Hazards at Work\u003c\/i\u003e, is required reading for students and professionals in occupational hygiene, environmental health and safety, occupational health and safety, and exposure science. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Figures xviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xxvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnits and Abbreviations xxviii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 1 Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 1 Occupational Hygiene and Risk Assessment 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Hazard and Risk 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Risk Assessment 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 The Stages of a Risk Assessment 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Identify the Hazard 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Decide Who Might Be Affected and How 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Evaluate the Risks 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Take Preventative and Protective Measures 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Record the Significant Findings 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.6 Review the Assessment Regularly and Revise It If Necessary 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Who Should Carry Out Risk Assessment? 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 2 Identifying Hazards 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Identifying Hazards 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Example of Hazard Identification 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conclusions Arising from a Hazard Assessment 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 3 Exposure, Exposure Routes and Exposure Pathways 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Exposure Routes 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Exposure Pathways 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Measuring Exposure 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Biological Monitoring 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Exposure Assessment: What the Legislation Requires 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Conclusions 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 4 The Exposure Context 32\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Context for Measurement 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Sources of Hazardous Substances 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Dispersion Through the Workroom 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Receptor 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Jobs and Tasks 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Conclusion 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 5 Modelling Exposure 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Worst‐Case Models 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Control Banding and COSHH Essentials 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Worked Example 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Screening Tools Used for Regulation of Chemicals in Europe 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 ECETOC TRA 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Stoffenmanager.nl 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.3 Worked Example 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.4 Overall Reliability of These Tools 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 The Advanced REACH Tool 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Bayesian Statistics 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 The ART 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Worked Example 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Conclusions and Prospects 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 6 Why Measure? 54\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Reasons for Undertaking Monitoring 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 To Support a Risk Assessment 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 To Assess Compliance with an OEL 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 To Make a Comparison with Existing Data 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 To Provide Baseline Information on the Exposure Distributions Within a Plant 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.5 Supporting Information for Registration Submissions Under the REACH Regulations 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.6 Containment Capability Studies 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.7 To Underpin a Research Study 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 7 How to Carry Out a Survey 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Planning the Survey 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Workplace Monitoring 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Monitoring Strategies 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 8 Analysis of Measurement Results 69\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Dealing with Variability in Measurement Results 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Summary Statistics and Data Presentation 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Testing Compliance 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Worked Example 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Other Software Tools to Aid Data Analysis 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 9 Introduction to Control 80\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Specific Control Measures 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Elimination 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Substitution 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Total Enclosure 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Technological Solutions 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.5 Segregation 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.6 Partial Enclosure 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.7 Local Ventilation 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.8 General Ventilation 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.9 Personal Protective Equipment 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 The Effectiveness of Control Measures 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 10 The Importance of Good Records and How to Write a Survey Report 89\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Record, Educate and Influence 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Measurement Records 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Survey Reports 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 General Principles of Writing a Good Report 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Report Structure 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Common Pitfalls and Administrative Points 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 11 Risk Assessment 98\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Identify All Hazardous Substances or Agents 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Identify the Likely Levels of Exposure 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Identify All Persons Likely to be Exposed 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Assess Whether the Exposures are Likely to Cause Harm 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Consider Elimination or Substitution 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Define Additional Control Measures Necessary to Reduce the Harm to Acceptable Levels 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 12 Risk Communication 107\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Risk Perception 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Trust 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Principles of Good Risk Communication 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Know Your Constraints Before You Start 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Define the Role of the Communicator 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Research Your Audience 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 Timing 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 The Presentation 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Communicating Risk 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Quantitative Risk Assessment to Aid Risk Communication 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 2 Hazardous Substances 119\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 13 An Introduction to Hazardous Substances 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 The Complexities of Modern Workplaces 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 The Top Five Hazardous Carcinogens 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Substances of Concern for the Respiratory System 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals and Other Biologically Active Substances 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Organic Chemicals 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Summary 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 14 Dust, Particles and Fibrous Aerosols 128\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Airborne Particulate Matter 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Fibres 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Measurement of Airborne Particulate and Fibre Concentrations 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Filters 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Filter Holders and Sampling Heads 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Measurement of Flow Rate 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Pumps 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Direct‐Reading Aerosol Monitors 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Flow Rate Measurement Using a Rotameter or Electronic Flow Calibrator by Using the Soap Bubble Method 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 The Measurement of Inhalable Airborne Dust 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.1 Equipment Required 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.2 Method 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.3 Calculations 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9.4 Possible Problems 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 The Measurement of Airborne Respirable Dust by Using a Cyclone Sampler 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.1 Equipment Required 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.2 Method 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.3 Calculations 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10.4 Possible Problems 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.11 Measurement of Nanoparticles 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12 The Sampling and Counting of Airborne Asbestos Fibres 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.1 Equipment Required for Sampling 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.2 Method for Sampling 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.3 Fibre Counting and Generating Concentration Data 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.4 Method of Evaluation 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.5 Calculations 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.12.6 Possible Problems 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.13 The Choice of Filter and Filter Holder to Suit a Specific Dust, Fume or Mist 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.14 To Trace the Behaviour of a Dust Cloud by Using a Tyndall Beam 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.14.1 Equipment Required 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.14.2 Method 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 15 Gases and Vapours 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Collection Devices 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Adsorption Methods 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Adsorbent Tubes 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Passive Samplers 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Colorimetric Detector Tubes 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Containers 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Direct‐Reading Instruments 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 To Measure Personal Exposure to Solvent Vapours Using an Adsorbent Tube 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.1 Equipment Required 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.2 Method 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.3 Calculations 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5.4 Example 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 16 Bioaerosols 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Classification of Microorganisms 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Viruses 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Bacteria 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Moulds and Yeasts 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Allergens 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Principles of Containment 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Monitoring Bioaerosols 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Measurement of Endotoxins and Allergens 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 Interpretation of Sample Results 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 17 Dermal and Inadvertent Ingestion Exposure 196\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Occupations Where Dermal Exposure is Important 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Local and Systemic Effects 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 How Do We Know If Dermal Exposure is an Issue? 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 What Do We Measure? 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Methods for Dermal Exposure Measurement 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7 Sampling Strategy 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8 Liquids and Solids 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.9 Biomonitoring and Modelling of Dermal Exposure 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.10 From Exposure to Uptake 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.11 Controlling Dermal Exposure 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.12 Inadvertent Ingestion Exposure 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 18 Human Biomonitoring 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Selection of a Suitable HBM Method 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Examples of HBM 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Study Protocols 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Interpretation of HBM Data 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 3 Physical Agents 225\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 19 An Introduction to Physical Agents 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Physical Agents in the Workplace 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Noise and Vibration 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Thermal Environment 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Ionising and Non‐ionising Radiation 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 20 Noise 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Frequency 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Duration 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Occupational Exposure Limits 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Pressure and Magnitude of Pressure Variation 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Equipment Available 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Sound Level Metres and Personal Noise Dosimeters 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 Personal Noise Dosimeters 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 Calibration 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.10 Collecting Noise Measurements 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.10.1 Using an SLM 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.10.2 Results 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.11 To Measure Workplace Noise Using a PND 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.11.1 Using a PND 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.11.2 Results 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.11.3 Possible Complications 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.12 To Measure the Spectrum of a Continuous Noise by Octave Band Analysis 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.12.1 Collecting a Spectrum of a Continuous Noise by Octave Band Analysis 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.12.2 Results 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.13 To Determine the Degree of Noise Exposure and the Actions to Take 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 21 Vibration 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Vibration 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Occupational Exposure Limits 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Risk Assessment 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Measurements and Measurement Equipment 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Hand–Arm Vibration Measurement Calculations 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6.1 Reporting of Vibration\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExposure Data 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Control of Vibration 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 22 Heat and Cold 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Heat Stress 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Measurement Equipment 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.1 Dry Bulb Thermometers 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.2 Wet-bulb Thermometers 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.3 Air Speed 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.4 Globe Thermometer 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3.5 Integrating WBGT Instruments 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Personal Physiological Monitoring 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Measurement of the Thermal Environment 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Predicted Heat Strain Index 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Risk Assessment Strategy 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8 Control of Hot Environments 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.9 Thermal Comfort 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.10 Cold Environments 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.11 To Calculate the Wind Chill Factor 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.11.1 Procedure 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 23 Lighting 290\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Introduction 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Lighting Standards 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Equipment Available 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Calibration 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 To Measure Lighting 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.1 Aim 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.2 Equipment Required 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.3 Method 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.4 Possible Problems 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.5 Results and Comparison with Guidance 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5.6 Reporting 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Control 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 24 Ionising Radiation 301\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Introduction 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Ionising Radiation 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Background Radiation 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Basic Concepts and Quantities 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Types of Radiation 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Energy 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7 Activity 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8 Radiation Dose Units 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8.1 Absorbed Dose and Dose Equivalent 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8.2 To Calculate Dose Equivalent 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8.3 Dose Rate 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.9 Dose Limits 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.10 Derived Limits 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.11 Procedures to Minimise Occupational Dose 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12 Personal Dosimetry and Medical Surveillance 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.1 Monitoring of Ionising Radiation in Work Areas 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.2 Personal Monitoring for External Dose 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.3 Film Badge Dosimeter 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.3.1 Advantages of the Film Badge Dosimeter 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.3.2 Disadvantages 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.4 Thermoluminescent Dosimeter 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.4.1 Advantages Thermoluminescent Dosimeter 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.4.2 Disadvantages 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.5 Direct‐Reading Monitors 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.5.1 Disadvantages of Direct‐reading Monitors 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.12.6 Air Monitoring 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 25 Non‐Ionising Radiation 321\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Introduction 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Ultraviolet Radiation 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Visible and Infrared Radiation 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Blue Light 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Microwaves, Radiowaves and Low‐frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6 Lasers 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 4 Control of Hazards 333\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 26 Assessing the Effectiveness of Exposure Controls 335\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Introduction 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 The Effectiveness of Control Measures 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.1 Elimination and Substitution 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.1.1 Case Study: Replacement of Trichloroethylene for Cleaning Textiles 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.2 Ventilation and Control Measures at Source 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.2.1 Case Study: Enclosure of Beryllium Processing 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.3 Personal Protective Equipment 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.4 Using Effectiveness Data 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2.4.1 Case Study: Loading Pharmaceuticals into a Process Vessel 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Measuring Exposure to Assess the Effectiveness of Controls 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3.1 Case Study: Use of Push‐Pull Ventilation in Hand Soldering 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 27 Assessing Local Ventilation Control Systems 345\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Introduction 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Air Pressure 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2.1 Static Pressure (ps) 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2.2 Velocity Pressure (pv) 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2.3 Total Pressure (pt) 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Measurement Equipment 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.1 Pressure‐Measuring Instruments 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2 Air Velocity Measuring Instruments 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.1 Vane Anemometers 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.2 Heated Sensor Anemometers 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.3 Velocity Pressure Devices 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.4 Smoke Tube Kit 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.5 Calibration 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.2.6 Tyndall Beam 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3.3 Barometric Pressure Instruments 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 Ventilation Measurement Records 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5 Measurement of Air Flow in Ducts 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.1 Aim 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.2 Equipment Required 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.3 Method 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.4 Calculation 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.5 Example 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5.6 Possible Problems 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6 Measurement of Pressure in Ventilation Systems 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.1 Aim 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.2 Equipment Required 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.3 Method 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.4 Results 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6.5 Possible Problems 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7 To Measure the Face Velocity on a Booth, Hood or Fume Cupboard 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7.1 Aim 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7.2 Equipment Required 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7.3 Method 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7.4 Results 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7.5 Possible Problems 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 28 Personal Protective Equipment 372\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Introduction 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Components of An Effective PPE Programme 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.1 Assessment of Risks and Identification of Where Control is Required 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.2 Implement All Feasible Controls 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.3 Identify Who Needs Residual Protection 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.4 Inform Wearers of the Consequences of Exposure 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.5 Select PPE Adequate to Control Residual Exposure 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.5.1 Case Study 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.6 Involve Wearers in the PPE Selection Process 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.7 Match PPE to Each Individual Wearer 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.8 Carry Out Objective Fit‐Tests of RPE 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.9 Ensure That PPE Does not Exacerbate or Create Risks 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.10 Ensure PPE are Mutually Compatible 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.11 Train Wearers in the Correct Use of Their PPE 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.12 Supervise Wearers to Ensure Correct Use of PPE 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.13 Maintain PPE in Efficient and Hygienic Condition 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.14 Inspect PPE to Ensure it is Correctly Maintained 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.15 Provide Suitable Storage Facilities for PPE 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.16 Record Maintenance and Inspection Data 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2.17 Monitor Programme to Ensure its Continuing Effectiveness 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart 5 The Future 387\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChapter 29 Monitoring for Hazards at Work in the Future 389\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 What the Future Holds for Monitoring Hazards at Work 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences and Further Reading 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix: Survey checklists 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquipment Suppliers 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical Analytical Services 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJohn W. Cherrie\u003c\/b\u003e is Emeritus Professor of Human Health, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. He is also a Principal Scientist at the Institute of Occupational Medicine, one of the longest-established independent occupational and environmental health research institutes in the world.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSean E. Semple\u003c\/b\u003e is Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, UK. His research in human exposure science focuses on the health effects of indoor air pollution, occupational epidemiology, air quality measurement, and workplace inhalation hazards.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarie A. Coggins\u003c\/b\u003e is a Lecturer at the School of Physics and a member of the Centre for One Health at the Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. She is Academic Director for the NUI, Galway professional accredited BSc Environmental Health and Safety programme. The Exposure Science research group that she leads focuses on human exposure to occupational and environmental pollutants, including indoor air quality in energy efficient buildings.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMonitoring for Health Hazards at Work\u003c\/i\u003e remains the seminal textbook on measuring and ­controlling the risk of workplace exposure to physical, chemical, and biological hazards. Designed for students studying occupational hygiene and exposure science, this comprehensive and accessible volume provides step-by-step guidance on identifying hazards and quantifying their risks in various workplace environments. Complete with checklists and practical examples, the authors present clear explanations of all types of hazards that can arise in the workplace, including dust, particles, fibrous aerosols, gases, vapours, and bioaerosols.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe fifth edition features revised material throughout, and remains an essential resource for students and professionals in occupational hygiene, reflecting global standards and recent developments in monitoring equipment, modelling methods, exposure assessment, and legislation on workplace safety. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cbl\u003eSeveral new or substantially revised chapters cover topics such as human biomonitoring, exposure modelling, hazardous substances, physical agents, evaluating ventilation, PPE, and other control measures\u003c\/bl\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cbl\u003eUpdated sections discuss the equipment currently available, the importance of risk communication, assessing dermal and inadvertent ingestion exposures, and more\u003c\/bl\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cbl\u003eExamines common workplace comfort issues such as noise, vibration, heat and cold, and lighting\u003c\/bl\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cbl\u003eOffers practical advice on conducting and presenting risk assessments and reports\u003c\/bl\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cbl\u003eDiscusses the future of the development and application of hazard measurement equipment and methods\u003c\/bl\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMonitoring for Health Hazards at Work\u003c\/i\u003e, is required reading for students and professionals in occupational hygiene, environmental health and safety, occupational health and safety, and exposure science.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989652586725,"sku":"NP9781119614968","price":75.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119614968.jpg?v=1761784967","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/monitoring-for-health-hazards-at-work-isbn-9781119614968","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}