{"product_id":"mimicry-crypsis-masquerade-and-other-adaptive-resemblances-isbn-9781118931530","title":"Mimicry, Crypsis, Masquerade and other Adaptive Resemblances","description":"\u003cp\u003eDeals with all aspects of adaptive resemblance\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eFull colour\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers everything from classic examples of Batesian, Mullerian, aggressive and sexual mimicries through to human behavioural and microbial molecular deceptions\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHighlights areas where additonal work or specific exeprimentation could be fruitful\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes, animals, plants, micro-organisms and humans\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface, xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA comment on statistics, xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA comment on scientific names, xvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements, xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF MIMICRY SYSTEMS, 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA brief history, 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn definitions of ‘mimicry’ and adaptive resemblance, 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe concept of ‘adaptive resemblance’, 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe classification of mimicry systems, 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWickler’s system, 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVane‐Wright’s system, 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeorges Pasteur (1930–2015), 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther approaches, 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndler, 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZabka \u0026amp; Tembrock, 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaran, 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry as demonstration of evolution, 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 CAMOUFLAGE: CRYPSIS AND DISRUPTIVE COLOURATION IN ANIMALS, 19\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistinguishing crypsis from masquerade, 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrypsis examples, 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCountershading, 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental tests of concealment by countershading, 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioluminescent counter‐illumination, 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground matching, 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual sensitivity of predators, 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo make a perfect match or compromise, 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColour polymorphism, 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeasonal colour polymorphism, 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eButterfly pupal colour polymorphism, 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWinter pelage: pelts and plumage, 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMelanism, 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndustrial melanism, 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFire melanism, 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground selection, 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrientation and positioning, 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransparency, 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReflectance and silvering, 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdaptive colour change, 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaterpillars and food plant colouration, 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDaily and medium‐paced changes, 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRapid colour change, 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChameleons, 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCephalopod chromatophores and dermal papillae, 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBird eggs and their backgrounds, 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisguising your eyes, 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisruptive and distractive markings, 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEdge‐intercepting patches, 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistractive markings, 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZebra stripes and tsetse flies, 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStripes and motion dazzle – more zebras, kraits and tigers, 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputer graphics experiments with human subjects, 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObservations on real animals, 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative analysis, 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDual signals, 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtective crypsis in non‐visual modalities, 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApostatic and antiapostatic selection, 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSearch images, 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental tests of search image, 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGestalt perception, 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of cryptic prey variability, 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReflexive selection and aspect diversity, 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSearching for cryptic prey – mathematical models, 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOntogenetic changes and crypsis, 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHiding the evidence, 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePetiole clipping by caterpillars, 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExogenous crypsis, 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilitary camouflage and masquerade, 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 CAMOUFLAGE: MASQUERADE, 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassic examples, 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwigs as models, 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaves (alive or dead) as models, 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBird dropping resemblances, 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpider web stabilimenta, 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTubeworms, etc., 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental tests of survival value of masquerade, 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOntogenetic changes and masquerade, 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThanatosis (death feigning), 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeign or flee? The trade‐offs of thanatosis, 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther aspects of death mimicry, 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeedless seeds and seedless fruit, 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 APOSEMATISM AND ITS EVOLUTION, 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInitial evolution of aposematism, 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssociations of unpalatable experience with place, 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMathematical models and ideas of warning colouration evolution, 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKin selection models, 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreen beard selection, 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily selection models, 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividual selection models, 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpatial models and metapopulations, 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHandicap and signal honesty, 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly warnings – reflex bleeding, vomiting and other noxious secretions, 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLongevity of aposematic protected taxa, 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMacroevolutionary consequences, 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental studies, 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTough aposematic prey and individual selection, 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyrazine and other early warnings, 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning and memorability, 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrength of obnoxiousness, 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs the nature of the protective compound important?, 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeophobia and the role of novelty, 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInnate responses of predators, 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAposematism and gregariousness, 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic analysis of aposematism and gregariousness, 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehaviour of protected aposematic animals, 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf birds and butterflies, 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution of sluggishness, 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrigins of protective compounds, 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant‐derived toxins, 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiac glycosides, 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyrrolizidine alkaloids, 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDe novo synthesis of protective compounds, 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObtaining toxins from animal sources, 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCosts of chemical defence, 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAposematism with non‐chemical defence, 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEscape speed and low profitability, 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParasitoids and aposematic insects, 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiversity of aposematic forms, 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgg load assessment, 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProof of aposematism, 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioluminescence as a warning signal, 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWarning sounds, 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWarning colouration in mammals, 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeapon advertisement, 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMutualistic aposematism, 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAposematism induced by a parasite, 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAposematic commensalism, 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolymorphism and geographic variation in aposematic species, 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAposematism in plants, 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynergistic selection of unpalatability in plants, 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAposematism in fungi, 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy are some unpalatable organisms aposematic and others not?, 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 ANTI‐PREDATOR MIMICRY. I. MATHEMATICAL MODELS, 171\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of models, rewards, learning rates and numerical relationships, 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimple models and their limitations, 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuller’s original model, 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimple models of Batesian and Mullerian mimicry, 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAre Batesian and Mullerian mimicry different?, 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn information theory model, 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonte‐Carlo simulations, 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore refined models – time, learning, forgetting and sampling, 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportance of alternative prey, 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignal detection theory, 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic and evolutionary models, 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoevolutionary chases, 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModels involving population dynamics, 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeural networks and evolution of Batesian mimicry, 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutomimicry in Batesian\/Mullerian mimicry, 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredator’s dilemma with potentially harmful prey, 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 ANTI‐PREDATOR MIMICRY. II. EXPERIMENTAL TESTS, 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental tests of mimetic advantage, 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow similar do mimics need to be?, 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs a two‐step process necessary?, 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative abundances of models and mimics in nature, 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex‐limited mimicries and mimetic load, 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimetic load, 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApostatic selection and Batesian mimicry, 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMullerian mimicry and unequal defence, 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImperfect (satyric) mimicry, 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 ANTI‐PREDATOR MIMICRY. III. BATESIAN AND MULLERIAN EXAMPLES, 213\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of model, 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry of slow flight in butterflies, 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Batesian\/Mullerian spectrum, 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamous butterflies: ecology, genetics and supergenes, 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHeliconius\u003c\/i\u003e, 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHybrid zones, 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWing pattern genetics, 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModelling polymorphism, 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eDanaus\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eHypolimnas\u003c\/i\u003e, 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePapilio dardanus\u003c\/i\u003e, 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePapilio glaucus\u003c\/i\u003e, 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePapilio memnon\u003c\/i\u003e, 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupergenes and their origins, 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry between caterpillars, 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome specific types of model among insects, 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWasp (and bee) mimicry, 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to look like a wasp, 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime of appearance of aculeate mimics, 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePseudostings and pseudostinging behaviour, 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWasmannian (or ant) mimicry, 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnt mimicry as defence against predation, 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnt mimicry by spiders, 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpiders that feed on ants, 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to look like an ant or an ant carrying something?, 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyrmecomorphy by caterpillars, 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnt chemical mimicry by parasitoid wasps, 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtective mimicries among vertebrates, 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFish, 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBatesian mimicry among fish, 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMullerian mimicry among fish, 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBatesian and Mullerian mimicry among terrestrial vertebrates, 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe coral snake problem – Emsleyan (or Mertensian) mimicry, 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther snakes, zig‐zag markings and head shape, 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry of invertebrates by terrestrial vertebrates, 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInaccurate (satyric) mimics, 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry of model behaviour, 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAide mémoire\u003c\/i\u003e mimicry, 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBatesian–Poultonian (predator) mimicry, 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry within predator–prey and host–parasite systems, 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBluff and appearing larger than you are, 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollective mimicry including an aggressive mimicry, 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJamming, 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMan as model – the case of the samurai crab, 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 ANTI‐PREDATOR MIMICRY. ATTACK DEFLECTION, SCHOOLING, ETC., 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttack deflection devices, 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEyespots, 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental tests of importance of eyespot features, 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEyespots in butterflies, 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWing marginal eyespots, 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEyes with sparkles, 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEyespots on caterpillars, 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportance of eyespot conspicuousness, 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEyespots and fish, 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot just an eyespot but a whole head, winking and other enhancements, 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReverse mimicry, 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsects, 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReverse mimicry in flight, 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReverse mimicry in terrestrial vertebrates, 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther deflectors, 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInjury feigning in nesting birds, 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTail‐shedding (urotomy) in lizards and snakes, 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlash and startle colouration, 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntimidating displays and bizarre mimicries, 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSchooling, flocking and predator confusion, 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e‘Social’ mimicry in birds and fish, 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlarm call mimicry for protection, 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 ANTI‐HERBIVORY DECEPTIONS, 289\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrypsis as protection in plants, 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaf mottling and variegation for crypsis, 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMistletoes and lianas, 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFruit masquerade by leaves, 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtective Batesian and Mullerian mimicry in plants, 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFalse indicators of damage or likely future damage, 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConspicuousness of leafmines, 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDark central florets in some Apiaceae, 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry of silk or fungal hyphae, 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsect egg mimics, 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefensive aphid and caterpillar mimicry in plants, 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAphid deterrence by alarm pheromone mimicry, 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnt mimicry in plants, 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf orchids and bees, 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarrion mimicry as defence, 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlgae and corals, 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant galls, 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExperimental evidence for plant aposematism and Batesian mimetic potential in plants, 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 AGGRESSIVE DECEPTIONS, 305\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCryptic versus alluring features, 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrypsis and masquerade by predators, 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStealth, 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShadowing, 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeasonal polymorphisms in predators, 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy seabirds are black and white (and grey), 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical crypsis by a predatory fish, 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlluring mimicries, 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlower mimicry, 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRain mimicry, 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical lures, 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAngling fish, 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaudal (and tongue) lures in reptiles, 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaudal lure in a dragonfly, 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeath feigning as a lure, 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther prey and food mimicry, 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe case of the German cockroach, 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWolves in sheeps’ clothing, 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVulture‐like hawks, 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCleaner fish and their mimics, 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMingling with an innocuous crowd, 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuping by mimicry of competitors, 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeeming to be conspecific, 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGetting close, 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppearing to be a potential mate, 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePheromone lures, 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicking danger as a flushing device, 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman use of aggressive mimicry, 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCuckoldry, inquilines and brood parasitism, 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCuckoldry in birds, 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGentes and ‘cuckoo’ eggs, 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCues for egg rejection, 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry by chicks – genetic and substantive differences, 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCuckoo chick appearance, 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBegging calls, 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCuckoo and host coevolution, 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry between adult cuckoos and their hosts, 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHawk mimicry by adult cuckoos, 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry of harmless birds by adult cuckoos, 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrood parasitism and inquilinism in social insects, 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCuckoo bees and cuckoo wasps, 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKleptoparasites of bees, 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyrmecophily, 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcquired chemical mimicry in social parasites and inquilines, 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrood‐parasitic and slave‐making ants, 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical mimicry and ant and termite inquilines, 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA brood‐parasitic aphid, 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnts and aphid trophallaxis, 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAphidiine parasitoids of ant‐attended aphids, 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoes aggressive mimicry occur in plants?, 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 SEXUAL MIMICRIES IN ANIMALS (INCLUDING HUMANS), 353\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicking the opposite sex, 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale mimicry by males, 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvoiding aggression from competing males, 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMate guarding through distracting other males, 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAndrochromatism and male mimicry by females, 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEgg dummies on fish, 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood dummies and sex, 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry by sperm‐dependent all‐female lineages, 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale genital mimicry in a female, 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy‐saving cheating for sex, 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavioural deceptions in higher vertebrates, 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolygynous birds, 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeceptive use of alarm calls and paternity protection, 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale–female mounting behaviour in mammals and birds, 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry in humans, 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMake‐up, clothes and silicone, 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCryptic oestrus in humans, 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlirting in humans, 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 REPRODUCTIVE MIMICRIES IN PLANTS, 371\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePollinator deception, 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePollinator sex pheromone mimicry, 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood deception, 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecific floral mimicry, 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneralised floral mimicry, 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry of a fungus‐infected plant, 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrood‐site\/oviposition‐site deception, 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShelter mimicry, 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlower similarity over time, 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlower automimicry – intraspecific food deception (bakerian mimicry), 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMathematical modelling of sexual deception by plants, 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePollinator guild syndromes, 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBird‐pollinated systems, 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 INTRA‐ AND INTERSPECIFIC COOPERATION, COMPETITION AND HIERARCHIES, 399\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemaining looking young, 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelayed plumage maturation, 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterspecific social dominance mimicry, 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBird song and alarm call mimicry – deceptive acquisition of resources, 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWicklerian mimicry – mimicry of opposite sex to reduce aggression, 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale resemblance in male primates, 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial appeasement by female mimicry in an insect, 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHyperfemininity in prereproductive adolescent primates, 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry of male genitalia by females, 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe case of the spotted hyaena, 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry of male genitalia in other mammals, 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhallic mimicry by males, 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppetitive (foraging) mimicry, 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppetitive mimicry and deceptive use of alarm calls, 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeau Geste and seeming to be more than you are, 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppearing older than you are, 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeapon automimicry, 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 ADAPTIVE RESEMBLANCES AND DISPERSAL: SEEDS, SPORES AND EGGS, 409\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFruit and seed dispersal by birds, 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWarningly coloured fruit, 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFruit mimicry by seeds, 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeed dispersal by humans, arable weeds and Vavilovian mimicry, 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeed elaiosomes and their insect mimics, 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry by parasites to facilitate host finding, 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe trematode and the snail, 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe trematode and the fish, 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePocketbook clams and fish, 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e‘Termite balls’, 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePseudoflowers, pseudo‐anthers and pseudo‐pollen, 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTruffles, 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry of dead flesh by fungi and mosses, 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeception of dung beetles by fruit, 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 MOLECULAR MIMICRY: PARASITES, PATHOGENS AND PLANTS, 421\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction, 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMacro‐animal systems, 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnemone fish, 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParasitic helminthes, 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlatyhelminthes (Trematoda), 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda), 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParasitic nematodes, 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParasitoid wasp eggs, 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathogenic fungi, 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtista, 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChagas’ disease, 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrobial systems, 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBacterial chemical mimicry and autoimmune responses, 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHelicobacter pylori\u003c\/i\u003e, 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eCampylobacter jejuni\u003c\/i\u003e, 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMimicry by plant‐pathogenic bacteria, 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViruses, 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlants, 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSugar, toxin and satiation mimicry, 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhytoecdysteroids – plant chemicals that mimicinsect moulting hormone, 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlant oestrogens – phyto‐contraceptives, 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtended glossary, 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthor index, 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral index, 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaxonomic index, 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDonald L.J. Quicke\u003c\/b\u003e retired in 2013 to live in Thailand where he is a Visiting Professor at Chulalongkorn University. Hestudied zoology at Oxford University where he became especially interested in mimicry. In 1976 he travelled to Kenya to experience tropical biodiversity and more of the diversity of life and his work there on insect coloration fertilised his interests as well as on parasitoid wasps, another of his many passions. From then on he kept abreast of the increasingly experimental and theoretical developments in the field even though his academic research took him in diverse other directions. Having now retired he has been able devote his time, in addition to bird watching and butterfly photography, to synthesising and extending his interest in this topic. \u003ci\u003eMimicry, Crypsis, Masquerade and other Adaptive Resemblances\u003c\/i\u003e is the result of this work. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMimicry, Crypsis, Masquerade and other Adaptive Resemblances\u003c\/i\u003e synthesises the wide range of adaptations of living organisms that are the result of natural selection favouring an appearance that resembles some other organism or inanimate object. The book covers a wide range of examples, most from animals and plants, but fungi, protists, bacteria and even viruses, are discussed, and even some human aspects are included to illustrate the enormous range of the topic. Many different modalities of resemblance are involved, such as behavour, coloration, shading, texture, bioluminescence, structure, chemistry and sound. The author explores the results of the growing number of experimental tests that have been conducted in the field, explaining key models and experimental set-ups in an accessible manner. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book is beautifully illustrated in full colour throughout with hundreds of photos of animals and plants, but also includes many graphs that illustrate research findings, and some mathematical equations and models that explore and explain the depths of evolution's complexities. \u003ci\u003eMimicry, Crypsis, Masquerade and other Adaptive Resemblances\u003c\/i\u003e:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers everthing including classic examples of animal and plant camouflage, the evolution of warning signals, Batesian, Müllerian, aggressive, and sexual mimicries\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eExtends to some human behavioural and microbial molecular deceptions, plus many other topics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHighlights areas where additional work or specific experimentation could be fruitful\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes over 500 images to aid understanding\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e This book is far more than a course text, for which it is ideal for levels ranging through undergraduate to graduate levels, it is the most comprehensive resource on this diverse subject area for many years. It is written in a way that can be understood easily by all readers including amateur natural history enthusiasts. \u003cbr\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989628043493,"sku":"NP9781118931530","price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118931530.jpg?v=1761784869","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/mimicry-crypsis-masquerade-and-other-adaptive-resemblances-isbn-9781118931530","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}