{"product_id":"milestones-in-european-housing-finance-isbn-9781118929452","title":"Milestones in European Housing Finance","description":"This book provides evidence on how housing finance markets developed across Europe. The objective of the text is to bring together up to date material from across Europe which will help to clarify (i) how national housing finance markets have dealt with the challenges of deregulation and privatisation since the 1980s,(ii) how the financial crisis has impacted on the structure of the industry and the range of financial instruments available, (iii) how governments and the EU have responded to increasing risks and higher indebtedness in most West European countries and the need to grow new finance  markets in Eastern Europe, and (iv) how changing  housing finance markets impact on the capacity to provide adequate affordable housing into the future. \u003cp\u003eNotes on Contributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword by David Miles, Professor of Financial Economics, Imperial College, London xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction: Milestones in European Housing Finance since 1989 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJens Lunde and Christine Whitehead\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy analyse developments in housing finance? 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefining housing finance 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe countries 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrends in mortgage systems 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMortgage debt and house price increases – enabling each other? 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 European Housing Finance Models in 1989 and 2014 15\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJens Lunde and Christine Whitehead\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMortgage systems 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunding the supply of mortgages 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMortgage characteristics 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverview 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Australia’s 25 Years with a Deregulated Housing Finance System: Looking Back and Looking Forward 37\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJudith Yates and María Belén Yanotti\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe economic and institutional environment of the last 25 years 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey milestones 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts and implications of changes 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmerging issues 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Milestones in Housing Finance in Austria over the Last 25 Years 55\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexis Mundt and Elisabeth Springler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe economic and institutional environment of the last 25 years 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinance milestones 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts and outcomes 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking to the future 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Milestones in 25 Years of Housing Finance in Belgium 75\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSien Winters and Katleen Van den Broeck\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Belgian housing finance system 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe economic and institutional environment of the last 25 years in Belgium 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilestones during the last 25 years of housing finance in Belgium 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking to the future 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Milestones in Housing Finance in the Czech Republic since 1990 93\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePetr Sunega and Martin Lux\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilestones in housing finance 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture prospects 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Milestones in Danish Housing Finance since 1990 109\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJens Lunde\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe economic environment of the last 25 years 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Danish mortgage system 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey milestones 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe impacts of these milestones over the last 25 years 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParallel development in house prices and\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eowner‐occupiers’ net debt 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe housing crisis, the national banking crisis and the Global Financial Crisis 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aftermath 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe rescue operations 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking to the future 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Milestones in Housing Finance in England 127\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKathleen Scanlon and Henryk Adamczuk\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe economic and institutional environment of the last 25 years 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilestones in private housing finance 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilestones in social and affordable housing finance 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking to the future 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Milestones in Housing Finance in Finland 147\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTimo Tähtinen and Tommi Laanti\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey milestones 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts and implications of changes 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking to the future 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther reading 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Milestones of Housing Finance in France between 1988 and 2014: Is the French Credit System a Gallic Oddity? 165\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChristian Tutin and Bernard Vorms\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction: A quarter of a century later 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinance milestones 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecifics of French housing finance 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking to the future 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Milestones in the Development of the German Housing Finance System in the Last 25 Years 183\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eStefan Kofner\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe initial situation in 1989 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilestones at a glance 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGerman reunification (1990): A friendly takeover by the white knight? 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe conversion of homeownership subsidisation from a tax to a grant system (1996): Heading for a new balance of tenures? 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegration and deregulation of capital markets: risks for the future? 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrying to run a housing system without subsidies 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasures to rescue the financial system since 2008 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dynamics of the German system of housing finance since 1989 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Moving from an Authoritarian State System to an Authoritarian Market System: Housing Finance Milestones in Hungary between 1979 and 2014 201\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJózsef Hegedüs and Eszter Somogyi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom socialism to capitalism: the economic and institutional environment 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinance milestones in the housing system 204 Impacts 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe future of the housing finance system 216 References 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Housing Finance in Iceland: Milestones 1989–2014 219\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLúðvík Elíasson and Magnús Árni Skúlason\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe economic and institutional environment of the past 25 years 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe bumpy ride of Icelandic housing finance 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking to the future 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Milestones in 25 Years of Housing Finance in Ireland 239\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePadraic Kenna\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey milestones 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmerging issues 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotes 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Milestones in Housing Finance in the Netherlands, 1988–2013 255\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarja Elsinga, Hugo Priemus and Peter Boelhouwer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilestones over the three periods 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReflection 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Housing Finance in Norway: The Last 25 Years 273\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRolf Barlindhaug\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe economic and institutional environment of the last 25 years 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinance milestones 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe financial crisis 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts of the housing finance milestones 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking into the future 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Milestones of Housing Finance in Poland 291\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMarta Widłak and Jacek Łaszek\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHousing finance milestones 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact of housing finance milestones in Poland in the last 25 years 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking towards the future 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 The Housing Finance System in Portugal since the 1980s 309\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRomana Xerez and Jaime R. S. Fonseca\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContext: a legacy of family financing, the impact of the 1974 revolution and the period to 1989 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilestones in the development of the Portuguese housing market and housing finance since 1989 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Evolution of the Housing Finance System in Russia 325\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMaria Plotnikova, Andrey Tumanov and Evgeniya Zhelezova\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrief review of basic features of the Soviet era housing system 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe housing system during the transition to a market economy (1990s) 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForming the basis for a housing mortgage financing system (1997–2005) 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBetween the market and the state (2005–2013) 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eState programmes to stimulate housing demand and supply 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe effect of the GFC 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat lies ahead? 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Housing Finance in Slovenia: From a National Housing Fund to a Bank\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e‐\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eDriven System 341\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAndreja Cirman and Richard Sendi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe economic and institutional environment of the last 25 years 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMajor policy changes 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking to the future 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Housing Finance in Spain: From the Liberalisation of the Mortgage Market to Booms and Busts 359\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eIrene Peña and Baralides Alberdi\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe economic and institutional environment of the last 25 years 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinance milestones 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe impact of these milestones over the last 25 years 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking to the future: financing into the future 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Milestones in Swedish Housing Finance 375\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePeter Englund\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey milestones 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking to the future 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Housing Finance in Turkey over the Last 25 Years: Good, Bad or Ugly? 393\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYener Coşkun\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Turkish housing finance system over the last 25 years from a marketisation perspective 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinance milestones: The rise of marketisation and changes in housing finance 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpacts of the transformation of the housing finance system 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture trends in housing finance markets 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGated communities and housing finance 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Milestones in EU Housing and Mortgage Markets 413\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJennifer Johnson, Lorenzo Isgrò and Sylvain Bouyon\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilestones in EU housing and mortgage markets 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1990–2000 – Milestones: The Single European Market, deregulation and consolidation and product innovation 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2001–2008 – Milestones: EU focus on mortgage credit, growth of covered bonds and adoption of the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD) 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2008–2014 – Milestones: Restoring financial stability, consumer protection and unlocking long‐term financing 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Following On From a Quarter of a Century of Mortgage Debt 433\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJens Lunde and Christine Whitehead\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction: 1989 and 2014 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrends in mortgage systems over the quarter century 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe impact of the GFC 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions: looking back and looking forward 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 446\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\"The great strength of this book is that detailed and up to date information on housing finance systems is presented in a way which allows for informed comparisons between countries. The result is that we have here a rich stock of information on the same fundamental set of characteristics of housing finance markets. Jens Lunde and Christine Whitehead have done a fine job in editing and assembling this volume. They also provide three overview chapters which draw out some of the lessons from the experience of this large group of countries. A book like this which tracks the evolution of housing finance across countries and takes a detailed look at where we are now is immensely valuable.\"\u003cbr\u003e—\u003cstrong\u003eFrom the Foreword by David Miles, Professor of Financial Economics, Imperial College, London\u003c\/strong\u003e  Jens Lunde, Department of Finance, Copenhagen Business School   Jens Lunde has been Associate Professor in the Department of Finance at Copenhagen Business School since 1984. He previously taught in the Department of Economics at the University of Copenhagen and worked for the Danish Ministry of Housing and the Danish Building Research Institute. His main specialisms are in housing finance with a particular emphasis on the analysis of individual data. Christine Whitehead, Emeritus Professor in Housing  Economics, Department of Economics, London School of Economics She works mainly in the fields of housing economics, finance and policy. She has worked with a wide range of international agencies as well as regularly for the UK government and parliament. Twenty five years ago housing finance markets hardly existed in many European countries and where they did they had been heavily regulated. The position started to change in the 1970s and in one or two countries there was significant liberalisation in the early 1980s but the shift towards a new set of actors and new instruments did not really gain momentum until later in the decade. Thereafter at global and European levels there were periods of growth followed by crisis in the late 80s and early 90s, jitters for some in the mid\/late 90s, a period of stable growth followed by the global financial disaster of 2008\/9 from which markets are only just recovering.  However there were also enormous differences between countries both in the pattern of change and the outcomes for national housing systems.  This book provides evidence on how housing finance markets developed across Europe; which countries followed particular trends and the fundamentals that lay behind the different patterns to examine the lessons that can be learned from past experience and likely future trajectories.  As such it will provide in one place both detailed evidence and analysis across countries from country commentators filling a gap which is currently filled only by national analyses or international commentators.  The objective of the text is to bring together up to date material from across Europe which will help to clarify (i) how national housing finance markets have dealt with the challenges of deregulation and privatisation since the 1980s,(ii) how the financial crisis has impacted on the structure of the industry and the range of financial instruments available, (iii) how governments and the EU have responded to increasing risks and higher indebtedness in most West European countries and the need to grow new finance  markets in Eastern Europe, and (iv) how changing  housing finance markets impact on the capacity to provide adequate affordable housing into the future.  The book consists of 25 chapters covering developments in countries across Europe together with Australia as a comparator. These concentrate mainly on understanding the sources of private sector finance for owner-occupation. In countries where the private finance market for social and private rental housing is well developed this will also be discussed. For each country the major milestones in the development of the market over the last 25 years are identified and examined. The chapters also look to understanding the efficiency and effectiveness of these national markets into the future.   There are four overarching chapters three of which will be provided by the editors: an introductory one setting the economic and housing market context in which financial change has taken place; an analytic framework to provide a basis for drawing out lessons for the European and global markets in finance and housing; and a concluding chapter bringing the lessons together to point to the future role of private housing finance particularly as demographics and incomes change and housing wealth is realised for other purposes. In addition there will be a chapter clarifying the milestones in European Union regulation which has become increasingly irritant in national housing markets over the last two decades.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989627060453,"sku":"NP9781118929452","price":151.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118929452.jpg?v=1761784868","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/milestones-in-european-housing-finance-isbn-9781118929452","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}