{"product_id":"microvascular-disease-in-diabetes-isbn-9781119309604","title":"Microvascular Disease in Diabetes","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresents comprehensive coverage of the many microvascular complications of diabetes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetes remains one of the main causes, in the western world, of legal blindness, end stage renal disease, and amputation, despite the implementation of tight glycemic control and the great progress in the management and care of our patients. This book provides a useful and handy tool to professionals and students in the field of diabetes and its microvascular complications by integrating information from clinical settings as well as from the frontlines of diabetic research. It provides readers with up-to-date diagnostic criteria, classifications, and therapeutic approaches. and recent discoveries on mechanisms of disease, experimental therapeutic agents, and biomarkers of disease. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWritten by top experts in the field, \u003ci\u003eMicrovascular Disease in Diabetes\u003c\/i\u003e offers in-depth chapters covering pathophysiology; the genetics of diabetic microvascular disease; and the epigenetics of diabetic microvascular disease. It then provides sections featuring both clinical and research information on diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic foot. It also looks at coronary microvascular dysfunction and cerebral microvascular disease.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eIntegrates new and accessible material on diabetic microvascular comorbidities\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers all relevant microvascular systems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides a much-needed resource synthesizing research and clinical applications to treating microvascular complications of diabetes\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents current diagnostic criteria, classifications, and therapeutic approaches, as well as recent discoveries on the mechanisms of disease, experimental therapeutic agents, and biomarkers of disease\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssembled in an easily consultable manner,\u003ci\u003e Microvascular Disease in Diabetes\u003c\/i\u003e is an excellent text for investigators, clinicians, and students looking to improve their understanding of diabetic complications.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword to: Microvascular Disease in Diabetes xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEditor Biography xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAndrea Giustina and Stefano Frara\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Pathophysiology \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e5\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrancesco Tecilazich\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomo-Physiology of Microvessels 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulation of Microvascular Tone 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndothelial-Dependent Vasodilation 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndothelial-Independent Vasodilation 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNerve Axon Reflex (NARV) 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyogenic Response 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Hyperemia 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVenoarteriolar Response (VAR) 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructural Changes in the Microcirculation 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Changes in the Microcirculation 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndothelial Dysfunction 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVSMC Dysfunction 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNARV Impairment 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefective Myogenic Response 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReduced Functional Hyperemia 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndothelial Dysfunction 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of the Immune System and Leukostasis 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Hyperglycemia 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAGEs 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolyol Pathway 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxidative Stress 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePKC 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHexosamine Pathway 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePARP 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eET-1 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVasoconstrictor Prostanoid Synthesis 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Insulin Resistance 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Inflammation 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Genetics of Diabetic Microvascular Disease \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e23\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNiina Sandholm and Carol Forsblom\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetics of DKD 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeritability of DKD 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCandidate Genes for DKD 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinkage Studies for DKD 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenome-Wide Association Studies on DKD 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSequencing Efforts for DKD 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetics of Diabetic Retinopathy 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeritability of Diabetic Retinopathy 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCandidate Genes for Diabetic Retinopathy 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinkage Studies for Diabetic Retinopathy 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGWAS on Diabetic Retinopathy 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSequencing Efforts for Diabetic Retinopathy 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetics of Diabetic Neuropathy 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeritability of Diabetic Neuropathy 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCandidate Genes for Diabetic Neuropathy 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGWASs on Diabetic Neuropathy 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture Directions 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLarger Studies are Needed 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to Define the Phenotype? 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariability in the Phenotypic Definitions 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCriteria for Controls 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo Genetics of Microvascular Complications in T1D and T2D Differ? 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow-Frequency and Rare Variants May Affect Diabetic Complications 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSequencing of Rare and Low-Frequency Variants 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinkage Analysis with GWAS Data 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetics May Reveal Biology and Infer Causality 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Epigenetics of Diabetic Microvascular Disease \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e45\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLuciano Pirola\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetic Complications Include Microvascular and Macrovascular Injury 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Diabetes Control and Complications Trial\/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT\/EDIC) Study in Type 1 Diabetic Patients, and the UKPDS Study in Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Support the Existence of the Hyperglycemic Memory Phenomenon 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDCCT\/EDIC Study 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe UKPDS Study 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModels of Hyperglycemic Memory 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimal Models 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell Culture Models 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe “Epigenetic Code” 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA Methylation 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHistone Methylation in Models of Hyperglycemic Variability 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpigenetic Changes in Microvascular Models of Glycemic Memory 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiRNAs Contribute to the Control of Glucose Homeostasis and are Dysregulated in Diabetes 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture Prospects 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Diabetic Retinopathy – Clinical \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e59\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eFrancesco Bandello, Rosangela Lattanzio, Alessandro Marchese, and Emanuela Aragona\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidemiology 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreening 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk Factors 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Patterns 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Findings 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnostic Tools 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment Strategies 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Findings 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnostic Tools 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment Strategies 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetic Macular Edema (DME) 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Findings 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnostic Tools 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment Strategies 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Diabetic Retinopathy – Research \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e79\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGopalan Gnanaguru\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetina and Induction of Hyperglycemia 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHyperglycemia and Retinal Microvasculature 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHyperglycemia and Reactive Gliosis 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHyperglycemia and Neurodegeneration 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHyperglycemia and Inflammation 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Diabetic Nephropathy – Clinical \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e85\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGianpaolo Zerbini\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidemiology 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural History 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStages of DN 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMorphologic Changes 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathophysiology 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Course 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary Prevention 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary Prevention 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTertiary Prevention 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerspectives 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Diabetic Nephropathy – Research \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e97\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSilvia Maestroni and Gianpaolo Zerbini\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEssential Hypertension and DN 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Genetics in the Pathogenesis of DN 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolyol Pathway and Non-Enzymatic Glycation 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironment 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerspectives 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) and DN 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB7-1 and DN 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimal Models 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDN in Induced Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDN in Spontaneous Model of T1DM 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIns2\u003csup\u003eAkita\u003c\/sup\u003e Mice 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOVE26 Friend leukemia virus B (FVB) Mice 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDN in Spontaneous Models of T2DM 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003edb\/db Mice 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Diabetic Neuropathy – Clinical \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e111\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eChristopher H. Gibbons\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of Diabetic Neuropathies 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistal Symmetric Polyneuropathy (DSPN) 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmall Fiber Neuropathy 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutonomic Neuropathy 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment-Induced Neuropathy of Diabetes (TIND) 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetic Radiculoplexopathy 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMononeuropathies 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCranial Neuropathies 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScreening for Neuropathy 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary of Management of Diabetic Neuropathy 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Diabetic Neuropathy – Research \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e129\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKrish Chandrasekaran, Lindsay A. Zilliox, and James W. Russell\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic and Translational Research in Diabetic Neuropathy 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimal Models of Diabetic Neuropathy 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasic Pathophysiology of Diabetic Neuropathy 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in Redox Potential 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Neuropathy 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtein Kinase C (PKC) and Neuropathy 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvanced Glycation End Products 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModifying Molecular Chaperones 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInflammation and Neuropathy 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTGF-β and Neuropathy 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs) and Oxidative Injury 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth Factors and Diabetes 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Research in Diabetic Neuropathy 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of Hypertension 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImproved Glycemic Control 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiet and Lifestyle Interventions 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlpha-Lipoic Acid 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenfotiamine and Neuropathy 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of Neuropathic Pain 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Diabetic Foot – Clinical \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e157\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eCristian Nicoletti\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction and Size of the Problem 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathogenesis of Diabetic Foot Complications 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropathy 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeripheral Vascular Disease 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Risk Factors 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevention 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Offloading 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment of PAD: Revascularization 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetic Foot Infections (DFIs) 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWound Healing 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDebridement 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDressings 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTopical Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Topical Treatments 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Diabetic Foot – Research \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e173\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGeorgios Theocharidis and Aristidis Veves\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy of the Skin and Microcirculation 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStructural Changes in the Microcirculation 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Changes in the Microcirculation 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Changes in the Diabetic Foot 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVasodilation 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndothelium-Dependent Vasodilation 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndothelium-Independent Vasodilation 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNerve Axon Reflex 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndothelial Dysfunction and Hyperglycemia 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndothelial Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePathophysiology of Diabetic Wound Healing 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHyperglycemia 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Inflammation 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpaired Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypoxia 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpaired Neuropeptide Signaling 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdjunctive Treatment Options 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioengineered Skin Substitutes 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrowth Factors 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHyperbaric Oxygen Therapy 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNegative Pressure Wound Therapy 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrical Stimulation and Shockwave Therapy 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture Therapeutic Perspectives 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGene Therapies 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStem Cell Therapies 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNorleu3-Angiotensin-(1–7) 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropeptides 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCytokine Inhibition 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusion 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Diabetes – Clinical and Research \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e201\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGuglielmo Gallone, Francesco Moroni, and Marco Magnoni\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Classification and Mechanisms of CMD 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCMD in Diabetic Patients 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Assessment of CMD 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Invasive Imaging Technique for the Assessment of CMD 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransthoracic Doppler Evaluation 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContrast Echocardiography 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Imaging 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositron Emission Tomography (PET) 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvasive Techniques for the Evaluation of CBF 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndicator Dilution-Based Methods 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermodilution 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGas Wash Out Method 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntracoronary Doppler Flow Wire 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment for CMD 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Effects of Glucose-Lowering Drugs on CMD 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture Perspectives for the Treatment of CMD in Diabetes 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Cerebral Microvascular Disease in Diabetes – Clinical and Research \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e221\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEelco van Duinkerken and Richard G. IJzerman\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostmortem Studies of the Brain in Diabetes 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebral Small Vessel Disease on MRI 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMRI-Measured Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Type 1 Diabetic Patients 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhite Matter Hyperintensities 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebral Microbleeds 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eType 2 Diabetes and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLacunar Infarcts 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhite Matter Hyperintensities 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebral Microbleeds 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynthesis 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Impact of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Diabetes 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Functioning 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStroke 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDementia 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Influence of Microvascular Disease on the Structure and Functioning of the Diabetic Brain 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eType 1 Diabetes 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eType 2 Diabetes 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConclusions and Future Directions 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 247\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFRANCESCO TECILAZICH, MD, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a physician and scientist in the Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases department of the Ospedale San Raffaele—Vita Salute San Raffaele University in Milan, Italy.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresents comprehensive coverage of the many microvascular complications of diabetes\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetes remains one of the main causes, in the western world, of legal blindness, end stage renal disease, and amputation, despite the implementation of tight glycemic control and the great progress in the management and care of our patients. This book provides a useful and handy tool to professionals and students in the field of diabetes and its microvascular complications by integrating information from clinical settings as well as from the frontlines of diabetic research. It provides readers with up-to-date diagnostic criteria, classifications, and therapeutic approaches. and recent discoveries on mechanisms of disease, experimental therapeutic agents, and biomarkers of disease. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten by top experts in the field, \u003ci\u003eMicrovascular Disease in Diabetes\u003c\/i\u003e offers in-depth chapters covering pathophysiology; the genetics of diabetic microvascular disease; and the epigenetics of diabetic microvascular disease. It then provides sections featuring both clinical and research information on diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic foot. It also looks at coronary microvascular dysfunction and cerebral microvascular disease. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eIntegrates new and accessible material on diabetic microvascular comorbidities\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers all relevant microvascular systems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides a much-needed resource synthesizing research and clinical applications to treating microvascular complications of diabetes\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePresents current diagnostic criteria, classifications, and therapeutic approaches, as well as recent discoveries on the mechanisms of disease, experimental therapeutic agents, and biomarkers of disease\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssembled in an easily consultable manner, \u003ci\u003eMicrovascular Disease in Diabetes\u003c\/i\u003e is an excellent text for investigators, clinicians, and students looking to improve their understanding of diabetic complications.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Blackwell","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989624602853,"sku":"NP9781119309604","price":215.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119309604.jpg?v=1761784855","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/microvascular-disease-in-diabetes-isbn-9781119309604","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}