{"product_id":"microbial-bioreactors-for-industrial-molecules-isbn-9781119874065","title":"Microbial Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules","description":"\u003cb\u003eMicrobial Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHarness the planet’s most numerous resources with this comprehensive guide\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMicroorganisms constitute the invisible majority of all living creatures on Earth. They are found virtually everywhere on the planet, including in environments too extreme for any larger organisms to exist. They form a hugely significant resource whose potential value for human society cannot be overlooked. The creation of microorganism- based bioreactors for the industrial production of valuable biomolecules has the potential to revolutionize a range of industries and fields. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMicrobial Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules \u003c\/i\u003eprovides a comprehensive introduction to these bioresources. It covers all potential approaches to the use of microbial technology and the production of high-value biomolecules for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural industries, among others. The book’s rigorous detail and global, holistic approach to harnessing the power of the planetary microbiome make it an invaluable introduction to this growing area of research and production. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReaders will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of basic, applied, biosynthetic, and translational approaches to the use of microbial technology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDiscussion of industrially produced microbe-borne enzymes including invertase, lipase, keratinase, protease, and more\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eApproaches for using microbial bioreactors to generate biofuels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMicrobial Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules \u003c\/i\u003eis essential for scientists and researchers in microbiology and biotechnology, as well as for professionals in the biotech industries and graduate students studying the applications of the life sciences. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eList of Contributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xxii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Microbial Bioreactors: An Introduction 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAshish Kumar Singh, Santosh Kumar Upadhyay, and Sudhir P. Singh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Microbial Bioresources 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Microbial Bioresources for the Production of Enzymes 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Microbial Bioresources for Therapeutic Application 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Microbial Bioresources for Biogenesis 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Microbial Fermentation 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Microbial Biodegradation 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Microbioresources for High- Value Metabolites 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Microbial Bioresource for the Production of Marine Enzymes 17\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLorena Pedraza- Segura, Karina Maldonado- Ruiz Esparza, and Ruth Pedroza- Islas\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Prokaryotes 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Amylases 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Proteases 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Bactericide 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 l- Asparaginase 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Carbohydrases 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Marine Archaea 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Eukaryotes 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.1 Yeasts 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4.2 Enzymes from Marine- Derived Fungi 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Lactic Acid Production Using Microbial Bioreactors 39\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJuliana Botelho Moreira, Ana Luiza Machado Terra, Whyara Karoline Almeida da Costa, Marciane Magnani, Michele Greque de Morais, and Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Microbial Lactic Acid Producers 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Bacteria 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Fungi and Yeast 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Microalgae 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Alternative Substrates for Lactic Acid Production 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Fermentation Process Parameters 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Mode Improvement of Lactic Acid and Reactor Configuration 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Challenges 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Conclusions 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Advancement in the Research and Development of Synbiotic Products 55\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnna María Polanía, Alexis García, and Liliana Londoño\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Probiotics 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Requirements and Selection Criteria for Probiotic Strains 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Prebiotics 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Requirements and Selection Criteria for Prebiotic Strains 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Synbiotics 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Synbiotic Selection Criteria 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Mechanism of Action of Synbiotics 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Health Benefits from Synbiotics 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Bioreactor Design for Synbiotic Production 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Microencapsulation and Nanotechnology to Ensure Their Viability 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Nanoparticles 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Applications in Various Fields such as Dermatological Diseases, Animal Feed, and Functional Foods 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.1 Dermatological Diseases 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.2 Functional Foods 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9.3 Animal Feed 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.10 Conclusions 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Microbial Asparaginase and Its Bioprocessing Significance 81\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSusana Calderón- Toledo, Amparo Iris Zavaleta, and Adalberto Pessoa- Junior\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Classification of l- Asparaginase 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Bioprocessing 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Sources of microbial l- Asparaginase 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Upstream Bioprocessing 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Downstream Bioprocessing 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.1 Protein Concentration 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.2 l- Asparaginase Release 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3.3 Chromatography 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Scaled Up to Bioreactor 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Characterization of l- Asparaginase 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Applications of l- Asparaginase 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Pharmaceutical Industry 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Food Industry 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Conclusions 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Bioreactor- Scale Strategy for Pectinase Production 103\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJavier Ulises Hernández- Beltrán, Carlos Alberto Acosta- Saldívar, Genesis Escobedo- Morales, Nagamani Balagurusamy, and Miriam Paulina Luévanos- Escareño\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Pectinase Classification and Origin Sources 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Pectinases 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Origin Source of Production of Microbial Pectinase 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Substrates Used for Pectinase Production 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Fermentation Strategies 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Solid- State Fermentation 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Submerged Fermentation 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Bioreactor- Scale Strategies 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Conclusions 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Microbes as a Bio- Factory for Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biopolymer Production 131\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDaniel Tobías- Soria, Julio Montañez, Iván Salmerón, Alejandro Mendez- Zavala, James Winterburn, and Lourdes Morales- Oyervides\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates as a Novel Alternative to Substitute Petroleum- Derived Plastics 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Microbial PHAs Classification, Synthesis, and Producing Microorganisms 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 PHAs Classification 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Biosynthetic Pathways for PHAs Production 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.3 PHAs Producing Strains 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.4 Bacteria as the Main Species for the PHA Production 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.5 Algae as a Feasible Alternative for PHA Production 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Trends and Challenges in the PHAs Synthesis Process 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Upstream Processing Trends and Challenges 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Downstream Processing, Trends and Challenges 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Process Economics and Perspectives Toward Industrial Implementation 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Concluding Remarks 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Microbial Production of Critical Enzymes of Lignolytic Functions 161\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eM. Indira, S. Krupanidhi, K. Vidya Prabhakar, T. C. Venkateswarulu, and K. Abraham Peele\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Sources of Lignolytic Enzymes 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Plants 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Insects 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Bacteria 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Fungi 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.5 Actinomycetes 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.6 Extremophiles 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Lignolytic Enzymes 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Lignin Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.14) 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Manganese Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.13) 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Versatile Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.16) 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Dye Decolorizing Peroxidases (DyPs) (EC 1.11.1.19) 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.6 Feruloyl Esterase (EC.3.1.1.73) 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.7 Aryl Alcohol Oxidase (EC 1.1.3.7) 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.8 Pyranose- 2- Oxidase (EC 1.1.3.10) 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.9 Vanillyl Alcohol Oxidase (EC 1.1.3.38) 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.10 Quinone Reductase (EC 1.6.5.5) 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Microbial Production of Lignolytic Enzymes 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Mechanism of Action of Lignolytic Enzymes 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Conclusions 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Microbial Bioreactors for Biofuels 189\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003ePaulo Renato Souza de Oliveira, Allana Katiussya Silva Pereira, Iara Nobre Carmona, and Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 General Classification of Bioreactor 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Liquid- Phase Bioreactor 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Cell- Free 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1.1 Mechanically Stirred 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1.2 Pneumatically Stirred 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Immobilized Cell 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Reactors for Solid- State Cultures 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Bioreactor Operation Mode 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Biofuels 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 Bioethanol 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 Biodiesel 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 Butanol 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.4 Biogas and Methane 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.5 Hydrogen 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.6 Biohythane 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Considerations and Future Perspectives 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Potential Microbial Bioresources for Functional Sugar Molecules 211\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSatya Narayan Patel, Sweety Sharma, Ashish Kumar Singh, and Sudhir P. Singh\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 D- Allulose 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 D- Tagatose 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Trehalose 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Turanose 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Trehalulose 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 D- Allose 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 D- Talose 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9 Conclusions 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Microbial Production of Bioactive Peptides 237\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAdriano Gennari, Fernanda Leonhardt, Graziela Barbosa Paludo, Daniel Neutzling Lehn, Gaby Renard, Giandra Volpato, and Claucia Fernanda Volken de Souza\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Microbial Production of Peptides with Antioxidant Activity 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Microbial Production of Peptides with Antimicrobial Activity 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Microbial Production of Peptides with Antihypertensive Activity 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Microbial Production of Peptides with Antidiabetic Activity 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Microbial Production of Peptides with Immunomodulatory Activities 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Microbial Production of Peptides with Antitumoral Activity 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Microbial Production of Peptides with Opioid Activity 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Microbial Production of Peptides with Antithrombotic Activity 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Production of Recombinant Peptides in Microbial Expression Systems 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Purification and Identification of Microbial Bioactive Peptides 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Conclusions and Perspectives 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Trends in Microbial Sources of Oils, Fats, and Fatty Acids for Industrial Use 261\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlaa Kareem Niamah, Deepak Kumar Verma, Shayma Thyab Gddoa Al- Sahlany, Soubhagya Tripathy, Smita Singh, Nihir Shah, Ami R. Patel, Mamta Thakur, Gemilang Lara Utama, Mónica L. Chávez- González, and Cristobal Noe Aguilar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Microbial Sources 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Microalgal Sources 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Bacterial Sources 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Fungal and Yeast Sources 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Application in Food and Health 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Opportunities and Prospective Future 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Conclusion 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Microbial Bioreactors for Secondary Metabolite Production 275\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLuis V. Rodríguez- Durán, Mariela R. Michel, Alejandra Pichardo, and Pedro Aguilar- Zárate\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Design of Bioreactors 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Types of Bioreactors for Secondary Metabolite Production 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.1 Stirred Tank Bioreactor (STB) 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.2 Bubble Column 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.3 Air- Lift 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.4 Biofilm Bioreactor 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.5 Solid- State Fermentation (SSF) Bioreactors 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.6 Tray Bioreactor 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.7 Packed Bed Bioreactor 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3.8 Stirred and Rotating Drum Bioreactor 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Conclusion 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Microbial Cell Factories for Nitrilase Production and Its Applications 297\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eNeerja Thakur, Vinay Kumar, and Shashi Kant Bhatia\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Nitrilase Categorization, Sources, Metabolism, and Production Process 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Nitrilase Categorization 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.2 Nitrilase Sources 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.3 Nitrilase in the Metabolism of Nitriles 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.4 Isolation and Screening of Nitrilase- Producing Microorganisms 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.5 Cultivation of Nitrilase- Producing Microbes 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.6 Nitrilase Production in Bioreactor 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.6.1 Factors Affecting Nitrilase Production in a Bioreactor 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Nitrilase in the Biotransformation of Nitriles 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Aliphatic Acids 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1.1 Acrylic Acid 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1.2 Glycolic Acid 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Aromatic Acids 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2.1 Nicotinic Acid 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2.2 Isonicotinic Acid 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2.3 Benzoic Acid 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3 Arylacetic Acids 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3.1 Mandelic Acid 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.3.2 Phenylacetic Acid 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Conclusion 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Chemistry and Sources of Lactase Enzyme with an Emphasis on Microbial Biotransformation in Milk 315\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlaa Kareem Niamah, Shayma Thyab Gddoa Al- Sahlany, Deepak Kumar Verma, Smita Singh, Soubhagya Tripathy, Deepika Baranwal, Nihir Shah, Ami R. Patel, Mamta Thakur, Gemilang Lara Utama, Mónica L. Chávez- González, and Cristobal Noe Aguilar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Lactase Enzyme 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Sources of Lactase 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Plants 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Bacteria 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 Yeasts 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.4 Molds 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Microbial Biotransformation of Lactase Enzyme 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Improvement of Microbial Strains 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Galactooligosaccharide Synthesis and Transglycosylation 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Lactose Intolerance 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Conclusion 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Microbial Biogas Production: Challenges and Opportunities 333\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDiana B. Muñiz- Márquez, Christian Iván Cano- Gómez, Jorge Enrique Wong- Paz, Victor Emmanuel Balderas- Hernández, and Fabiola Veana\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Generalities of Biogas Production: the Process and Its Yields 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Feedstocks Used in Biogas Production and Their Characteristics 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Microbial Biodiversity in Biogas Production 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.1 Generalities 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.2 Anaerobic Fungi in Biogas Production 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.3 Anaerobic Bacteria in Biogas Production 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4.4 Methanogenic Archaeal and Algae in Biogas Production 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 The Role of the Enzymes in Biogas Production 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Challenges and Opportunities in Biogas Production 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.1 Challenges for Biogas Production 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6.2 Opportunities for Biogas Production 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Molecular Farming and Anticancer Vaccine: Current Opportunities and Openings 355\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eYashwant Kumar Ratre, Arundhati Mehta, Sapnita Shinde, Vibha Sinha, Vivek Kumar Soni, Subash Chandra Sonkar, Dhananjay Shukla, and Naveen Kumar Vishvakarma\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Vaccines and the Possibility in Noncommunicable Diseases 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Vaccine Production 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3.1 Cancer Vaccine 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Types of Cancer Vaccine 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Microbial Production of Anticancer Vaccine: Challenges and Opportunities 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.1 Yeast- Based Cancer Vaccine (YBCV) 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5.2 Bacteria- Based Cancer Vaccine (BBCV) 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6 Conclusion 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Microbial Bioreactors at Different Scales for the Alginate Production by \u003ci\u003eAzotobacter vinelandii 375\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eBelén Ponce, Viviana Urtuvia, Tania Castillo, Daniel Segura, Carlos Peña, and Alvaro Díaz- Barrera\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Bacterial Alginate 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.1 Compositions and Structures 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2.2 Applications 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Alginate Biosynthesis and Genetic Regulation 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Production of Bacterial Alginate on a Bioreactor Scale 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.1 Cultivation Modality for Alginate Production 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.2 Influence of Oxygen on Alginate Production 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4.3 Influence of Cultivation Modality on the Molecular Weight of Alginate 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Chemical Characterization of Alginate Quality 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5.1 Scale- up of Alginate Production 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Prospects and Conclusions 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Environment- Friendly Microbial Bioremediation 397\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAreej Shahbaz, Nazim Hussain, Tehreem Mahmood, Mubeen Ashraf, and Nida Khaliq\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Principle of Bioremediation 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Types of Bioremediations 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.1 Biostimulation 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.2 Bioattenuation 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.3 Bioaugmentation 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3.4 Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEMs) 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Factors Affecting Microbial Bioremediation 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.1 Biological Factors 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.2 Environmental Factors 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.2.1 Availability of Nutrients 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.2.2 Temperature and pH 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.2.3 Concentration of Oxygen and Moisture Content 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.2.4 Site Characterization and Selection 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4.2.5 Metal Ions and Toxic Compounds 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Bioremediation Techniques 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Methods for Ex Situ Bioremediation 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.1 Solid Phase Treatment 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.1.1 Slurry Phase Bioremediation 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.1.2 In Situ Bioremediation 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.2 Engineered Bioremediation 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6.3 Intrinsic Bioremediation 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Bioremediation Using Microbial Enzymes 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.1 Laccases 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.2 Lipases 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.3 Proteases 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.4 Peroxidases 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.5 Hydrolytic Enzymes 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7.6 Oxidoreductases 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Bioremediation Prospects 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9 Future Prospective 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.10 Conclusion 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Microbial Bioresource for Plastic- Degrading Enzymes 421\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAyodeji Amobonye, Christiana Eleojo Aruwa, and Santhosh Pillai\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Classification of Plastics: Biobased, Biodegradable, and Fossil- Based Plastics 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.1 Fossil- Based Plastics 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.2 Biobased Plastics 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2.3 Biodegradable Plastics 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 General Mechanism of Plastic Biodegradation 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Microbial Sources of Plastic- Degrading Enzymes 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.1 Actinomycetes 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.2 Algae 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.3 Bacteria 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4.4 Fungi 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Biotechnological Strategies for Identifying\/Improving Microbial Enzymes and Their Sources for Plastic Biodegradation 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.1 Conventional Culturing Approach 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.2 Metagenomics 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.3 Recombinant Technology 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5.4 Protein Engineering 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Strategies, Trends, and Technological Advancements in Microbial Bioreactor System for Probiotic Products 443\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSoubhagya Tripathy, Ami R. Patel, Deepak Kumar Verma, Smita Singh, Gemilang Lara Utama, Mamta Thakur, Alaa Kareem Niamah, Nihir Shah, Shayma Thyab Gddoa Al- Sahlany, Prem Prakash Srivastav, Mónica L. Chávez- González, and Cristobal Noe Aguilar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Bioreactors and Production of Probiotics 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.1 Conventional Batch Bioreactor System 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.2 Membrane Bioreactor System 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.3 Co- culture Fermentation 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2.4 Recent Methods for Producing Multiple Probiotic Strains 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Strategies Employed for Harvesting and Drying Probiotic Cells 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Final Remarks and Possible Directions for the Future 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Microbial Bioproduction of Antiaging Molecules 465\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnkita Dua, Aeshna Nigam, Anjali Saxena, Gauri Garg Dhingra, and Roshan Kumar\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 The Aging Process: An Overview 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Human Health and the Aging Gut Microbiome 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 The Antiaging Bioproducts from Microbes 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4.1 Bacteria 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4.2 Fungi 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4.3 Algae 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 The Impact of Microbial Bioproducts on Gut Diversity 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Microbial Bioproduction of Extremolytes 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 The Role of Antiaging and Antioxidant Molecules 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8 Conclusions 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 487\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSudhir P. Singh \u003c\/b\u003eis a scientist working in biotechnology and synthetic biology at the Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, India. His research focuses on the catalytic biosynthesis of functional biomolecules. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSantosh Kumar Upadhyay \u003c\/b\u003eis Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chadigarh, India. His research focuses on the isolation and production of plant-based proteins for industry and defense.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHarness the planet’s most numerous resources with this comprehensive guide\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMicroorganisms constitute the invisible majority of all living creatures on Earth. They are found virtually everywhere on the planet, including in environments too extreme for any larger organisms to exist. They form a hugely significant resource whose potential value for human society cannot be overlooked. The creation of microorganism- based bioreactors for the industrial production of valuable biomolecules has the potential to revolutionize a range of industries and fields. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMicrobial Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules \u003c\/i\u003eprovides a comprehensive introduction to these bioresources. It covers all potential approaches to the use of microbial technology and the production of high-value biomolecules for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural industries, among others. The book’s rigorous detail and global, holistic approach to harnessing the power of the planetary microbiome make it an invaluable introduction to this growing area of research and production. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReaders will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetailed coverage of basic, applied, biosynthetic, and translational approaches to the use of microbial technology\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDiscussion of industrially produced microbe-borne enzymes including invertase, lipase, keratinase, protease, and more\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eApproaches for using microbial bioreactors to generate biofuels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMicrobial Bioreactors for Industrial Molecules \u003c\/i\u003eis essential for scientists and researchers in microbiology and biotechnology, as well as for professionals in the biotech industries and graduate students studying the applications of the life sciences.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989618376933,"sku":"NP9781119874065","price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119874065.jpg?v=1761784832","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/microbial-bioreactors-for-industrial-molecules-isbn-9781119874065","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}