{"product_id":"marine-biology-isbn-9781394200078","title":"Marine Biology","description":"MARINE \u003cb\u003eBIOLOGY\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarine Biology: Comparative Ecology of Planet Ocean\u003c\/b\u003e provides a learning tool to those who love the ocean to help them understand and learn about the life that populates it, the extraordinary adaptations of marine organisms to their environment, and the spectacular variety of marine life forms that inhabit the many marine habitats and contribute to the life support system of Planet Ocean. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book introduces marine biology by seeing the ocean through the eyes of its inhabitants, describing the properties of sea water, the surface waters and its currents, and the characteristics of the seabed according to how marine organisms perceive, exploit, and shape them. This book explains to the reader and those who love the ocean not only how to recognize the most common marine organisms and habitats, from the coast to great depths, but it also explains their complex life cycles and the environmental factors controlling their distribution, reproduction, and growth. Finally, the book evaluates the role that living biota play in how different marine ecosystems function in order to understand better their characteristics, peculiarities, and threats. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book offers an up-to-date and comprehensive text on the study of marine biology, presenting insights into the methodologies scientists have adopted for the study of marine ecosystems. It also includes chapters about human impacts on marine biodiversity, from overfishing to climate change, from pollution (including microplastics), to alien-species invasions, from conservation of marine resources to the restoration of degraded marine habitats. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors developed this text for Bachelor and Master’s level students taking classes on marine biology and marine ecology, but it will also interest high-school students and marine enthusiasts (dive masters, tour guides) who wish to deepen their knowledge of marine biology. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Companion Website xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I The Ocean Domain: Introduction to Planet Ocean 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 The Life Aquatic 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Comparison Between Sea and Land 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Fractal Complexity of Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Seabed 13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Ocean Basins 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Ocean Bottom: A (Mostly) Static Habitat of Ocean Life 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Characteristics of Sediments 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Boundary Layers and Their Characteristics 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Sediment Movement 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Characteristics of Hard Substrata 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Characteristics of Soft Sediments 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Water Column 29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Properties and Characteristics of Seawater 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 An Ocean In Motion 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Life in Seas and Oceans: Fundamentals of Marine Biology 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 General Adaptations in Marine Organisms I: From the Ocean Surface to the Seabed 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Adaptations to Temperature 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Adaptations to Low Oxygen Concentrations 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Adaptation to Salinity 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Adaptation to Pressure 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Adaptations to Light 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Adaptations to Nutrients 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Electrical Conductivity Adaptations 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Ectocrine Adaptations 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 Adaptations to Produce Sound and Communicate in Water 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Adaptations in Marine Organisms II: Life in a Fluid Habitat 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Adaptions to Life in the Water Column 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Adaptations in Marine Organisms III: Benthic Biota between a Rock and a Soft Place 91\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Adaptations to Life on the Seafloor 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Support and Protection Structures 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Adaptation to Waves and Energy 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Feeding and Nutrition 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Adaptation to Aerial Exposure 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Adaptation to Extreme Temperatures and Potentially Toxic Chemicals 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IIB Life in Seas and Oceans: Fundamentals of Marine Biology 101\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Marine Biodiversity 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Origin and Evolution of Marine Life 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Mechanisms of Marine Speciation 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Quantifying Marine Organism Biodiversity 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Biodiversity Patterns 125\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Broad-Scale Biodiversity Patterns 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Processes Controlling the Distribution of Marine Biodiversity 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Marine Biogeography 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Theories on Evolution and Maintenance of Biodiversity: The Deep-Sea as Examplar 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Biodiversity of the Benthos 141\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction: Benthos and Plankton 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Benthic Biota 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Classification of Benthos Based on Size 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IIC Life in Seas and Oceans: Fundamentals of Marine Biology 157\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Ecology of Benthos 159\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Ecology of the Benthos: From Microbes to Megafauna 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Trophic Groups: Classification of Benthos Based on Diet 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Comparison Between Hard and Soft Bottom Benthos 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Ecology of Benthos Inhabiting Soft Bottoms 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Changes in Benthos in Space and Time 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Organization of Benthic Assemblages 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Zonation of Benthic Organisms 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Biodiversity of the Plankton 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction to the Plankton 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Planktonic Organisms 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Planktonic Classification Based on Water Column Distributions 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Plankton Classification Based on Life Cycles 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Plankton Size Classes 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Abundance Comparisons Among Different Planktonic Components 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Ecology of the Plankton 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Plankton Distribution 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Ecology of Plankton 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 How Many Phytoplankton Species Coexist in a Volume of Water? “Homage to Santa Rosalia” 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Zooplankton Nutritional Mode 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IID Life in Seas and Oceans: Fundamentals of Marine Biology 215\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Biodiversity of the Nekton 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Species Contributing to the Nekton 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Main Organisms and Characteristics of Nekton 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Fishes 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Marine Mammals 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Cephalopods 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Reptiles – The “Land-based” Marine Species 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Seabirds 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Patterns of Biodiversity in Nekton 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Ecology of the Nekton 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Fishes and Formation of Fish Shoals 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Ecology of Chondrichthyes 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Sharks at Risk of Extinction from Indiscriminate Hunting 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Ecology of Cephalopods 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Marine Reptile Ecology 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Ecology of Seabirds 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 Ecology of Marine Mammals 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 Great Migrations of Nekton 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 Role of Top Predators in Food Webs 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Life Cycles and Larval Ecology 261\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Life Cycles and Reproduction 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Larval Ecology 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Life History Strategies 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Supply Side Ecology 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Forms of Resistance and Benthic-pelagic Coupling 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Comparative Marine Ecology: Habitat Types, Their Biodiversity, and Their Functioning 275\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Ecosystem Functioning I: Primary and Secondary Production 277\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Primary Production 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Chemosynthetic Primary Production in the Ocean 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Photosynthetic Primary Production 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Secondary Production 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Respiration 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Ecosystem Functioning II: Organic Matter Recycling 293\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction – Extra-Specific Processes 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Organic Matter and Detritus in the Ocean 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Dissolved Organic Matter in the Ocean (DOM) 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Pelagic-Benthic Coupling 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Consequences of Organic Matter Export to the Seabed 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Interspecific Interactions and Trophic Cascades 313\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Facilitation and Cooperation – Positive Interactions 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Symbiosis 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Complex Biotic Interactions: Trophic Networks and Cascades 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Keystone Species 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Trophic Cascades 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IIIB Comparative Marine Ecology: Habitat Types, Their Biodiversity, and Their Functioning 341\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Interspecific Interactions II: Negative Interactions 343\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Predation 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Methods to Escape Predation 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Competition 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Parasitism 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Diseases of Marine Organisms 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Intertidal Ecosystems and Lagoons 359\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Rocky Intertidal Habitats 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Transitional Environments Between Land and Ocean 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Mangroves 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Salt Marshes 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Summary 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Subtidal Hard Substrata Ecosystems 391\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Subtidal Distributions 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Kelp Forests 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Coral Reefs 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Coralligenous Habitats 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Rhodolith Beds (Maërl) 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Underwater Caves 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.8 Summary 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IIIC Comparative Marine Ecology: Habitat Types, Their Biodiversity, and Their Functioning 431\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Estuarine, Seagrass, and Sedimentary Habitats 433\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Estuaries 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Seagrass Beds 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Sedimentary Habitats 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Polar Ecosystems 455\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Biogeography and Characteristics 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Biodiversity 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Biodiversity Within Sea Ice 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Pelagic Biodiversity 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Fishes 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Marine Mammals 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7 Benthic Biodiversity 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.8 Food Webs and Functioning 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.9 Antarctica 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.10 Summary 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Neritic Aquatic Ecosystems 485\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Introduction 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Zonation, Extent, and Distribution 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Biogeography and Characteristics 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Biological Characteristics 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Ecosystem Functioning in the Neritic Zone 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Fisheries Production 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7 Factors Influencing Functioning of Neritic Systems 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8 Summary 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IIID Comparative Marine Ecology: Habitat Types, Their Biodiversity, and Their Functioning 499\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Deep-Sea Ecosystems along Continental Margins 501\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Introduction to the Deep Sea 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Deep-Sea Biodiversity 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Deep-Sea Habitats 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Submarine Canyons 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Deep-Water Corals 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6 Cold Seep (Hydrocarbon-Based) Ecosystems 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.7 Cold Seep Biodiversity and Symbiotic Organisms 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.8 Hypoxic and Anoxic Systems (Dead Zones) 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.9 Oxygen Minimum Zones, OMZs 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.10 Summary 526\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 Deep Ocean Basins 531\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Introduction 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Abyssal Plains 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Abyssal Biodiversity and Adaptations 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 Abyssal Gigantism and Dwarfism 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 Functioning of Abyssal Systems 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6 Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.7 Whale Carcasses 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.8 Affinities Between Vent and Seep Communities 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.9 Anoxic Basins 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.10 Ocean Trenches 556\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.11 Summary 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 Oceanic Ecosystems 567\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Introduction 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Factors Influencing the Life and Distribution of Pelagic Organisms 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Classification of Pelagic Regions 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 Functional Classification of Pelagic Systems 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5 Vertical Zonation in Pelagic Ecosystems 575\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6 Biodiversity of Pelagic Systems 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Human Impacts and Solutions for Planet Ocean: Applied Marine Biology 581\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28 Human Impacts on Marine Ecosystems 583\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Historical Data 583\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Biodiversity Loss 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3 The Main Threats to Marine Life and Ecosystems 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.4 Synergistic Impacts on Marine Ecosystems 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29 Marine Biodiversity Conservation 603\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 Introduction 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2 Conservation Objectives 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3 The Third Dimension of Marine Conservation 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.4 Conservation Strategies 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.5 Marine Protected Areas 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.6 Cumulative Impacts and Biodiversity Conservation 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.7 Conservation Frameworks 614\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.8 Legal Instruments 615\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.9 Science Challenges and Solutions – Moving Science to Policy? 616\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.10 How Science Can Contribute 616\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 Restoring Marine Habitats 619\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.1 A Decade For Ecosystem Restoration 619\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.2 Defining Ecological Restoration 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.3 A Global Plan for Marine Ecosystem Restoration 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.4 Restoring Fragile Marine Habitats 623\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.5 Restoration of Coral Reefs 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.6 Restoration of Seagrass Meadows 626\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.7 Restoration of Macroalgal Forests 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.8 Restoring Ecosystem Engineers: The Case of Coralligenous Outcrops 629\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.9 Restoration of Deep-Sea Habitats 630\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.10 Perspectives of Marine Ecosystem Restoration 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e31 How Far We Have Come: Past, Present, and Future Research on the Marine Biology of Planet Ocean 633\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.1 Introduction 633\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.2 The Birth of Marine Biology 634\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.3 The History of Ocean Exploration 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.4 Present and Future of Marine Biology 637\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.5 Application of Marine Technologies 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.6 Marine Biology Research in the Next Decade 645\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 675\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRoberto Danovaro\u003c\/b\u003e is a Professor of Marine Ecology at the Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy. He is a Member of the EU Academy of Science and of the Academia Europaea (London). Editor in Chief of Marine Ecology (Wiley) and Chemistry \u0026amp; Ecology (T\u0026amp;F). Coordinator of several EU and international projects. Author of \u0026gt;500 scientific articles and 3 books, his research interests are focused on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and on the impact of climate change on deep-sea ecosystems. According to \u003ci\u003eExpertScape\u003c\/i\u003e he has been the most influential World Scientist in the Category “Ocean and Seas” for the decade 2010-2020.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePaul Snelgrove\u003c\/b\u003e is a Professor of Ocean Sciences and Biology at Memorial University of Newfoundland in Canada. From 2008-2021 he led the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Canadian Healthy Oceans Network, a national research network that supported sustainable oceans. He currently plays the role of Associate Scientific Director of The Ocean Frontier Institute, which gathers researchers in Atlantic Canada and beyond to advance safe and sustainable ocean objectives. He has published \u0026gt;150 papers and book chapters as well as one book. His research focuses on biodiversity, functioning, and conservation of seafloor ecosystems.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarine Biology: Comparative Ecology of Planet Ocean\u003c\/b\u003e provides a learning tool to those who love the ocean to help them understand and learn about the life that populates it, the extraordinary adaptations of marine organisms to their environment, and the spectacular variety of marine life forms that inhabit the many marine habitats and contribute to the life support system of Planet Ocean. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe book introduces marine biology by seeing the ocean through the eyes of its inhabitants, describing the properties of sea water, the surface waters and its currents, and the characteristics of the seabed according to how marine organisms perceive, exploit, and shape them. This book explains to the reader and those who love the ocean not only how to recognize the most common marine organisms and habitats, from the coast to great depths, but it also explains their complex life cycles and the environmental factors controlling their distribution, reproduction, and growth. Finally, the book evaluates the role that living biota play in how different marine ecosystems function in order to understand better their characteristics, peculiarities, and threats. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book offers an up-to-date and comprehensive text on the study of marine biology, presenting insights into the methodologies scientists have adopted for the study of marine ecosystems. It also includes chapters about human impacts on marine biodiversity, from overfishing to climate change, from pollution (including microplastics), to alien-species invasions, from conservation of marine resources to the restoration of degraded marine habitats. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors developed this text for Bachelor and Master’s level students taking classes on marine biology and marine ecology, but it will also interest high-school students and marine enthusiasts (dive masters, tour guides) who wish to deepen their knowledge of marine biology.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989572534501,"sku":"NP9781394200078","price":93.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781394200078.jpg?v=1761784649","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/marine-biology-isbn-9781394200078","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}