{"product_id":"lignin-and-lignans-as-renewable-raw-materials-isbn-9781118597866","title":"Lignin and Lignans as Renewable Raw Materials","description":"\u003cp\u003eAs naturally occurring and abundant sources of non-fossil carbon, lignin and lignans offer exciting possibilities as a source of commercially valuable products, moving away from petrochemical-based feedstocks in favour of renewable raw materials. Lignin can be used directly in fields such as agriculture, livestock, soil rehabilitation, bioremediation and the polymer industry, or it can be chemically modified for the fabrication of specialty and high-value chemicals such as resins, adhesives, fuels and greases.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLignin and Lignans as Renewable Raw Materials presents a multidisciplinary overview of the state-of-the-art and future prospects of lignin and lignans. The book discusses the origin, structure, function and applications of both types of compounds, describing the main resources and values of these products as carbon raw materials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTopics covered include:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Structure and physicochemical properties\u003cbr\u003e• Lignin detection methods\u003cbr\u003e• Biosynthesis of lignin\u003cbr\u003e• Isolation methods\u003cbr\u003e• Characterization and modification of lignins\u003cbr\u003e• Applications of modified and unmodified lignins \u003cbr\u003e• Lignans: structure, chemical and biological properties\u003cbr\u003e• Future perspectives\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book is a comprehensive resource for researchers, scientists and engineers in academia and industry working on new possibilities for the application of renewable raw materials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.wiley.com\/go\/rrs\"\u003ewww.wiley.com\/go\/rrs\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSeries Preface\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreface xiii\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eAcronyms xvii\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eList of Symbols xxi\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart One Introduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Background and overview 3\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.2 Lignin: economical aspects and sustainability 4\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1.3 Structure of the book 5\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 8\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Two What is lignin? 9\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Structure and physicochemical properties 11\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e2.1 Introduction 11\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.2 Monolignols, the basis of a complex architecture 12\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.3 Chemical classification of lignins 15\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.4 Lignin linkages 19\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.5 Structural models of native lignin 22\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.6 Lignin-carbohydrate complex 37\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2.7 Physical and chemical properties of lignins 44\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 48\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Detection and determination 53\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e3.1 Introduction 53\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.2 The detection of lignin (colour-forming reactions) 53\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.3 Determination of lignin 59\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.4 Direct methods for the determination of lignin 61\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.5 Indirect methods for the determination of lignin 65\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3.6 Comparison of the different determination methods 72\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 75\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Biosynthesis of lignin 81\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e4.1 Introduction 81\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.2 The biological function of lignins 82\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.3 The shikimic acid pathway 82\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.4 The phenylpropanoid pathway 85\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.5 The biosynthesis of lignin precursors (the monolignol specific pathway) 86\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.6 The dehydrogenation of the precursors 92\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.7 Peroxidases and laccases 92\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.8 The radical polymerisation 95\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.9 The lignin-cabohydrate connectivity 109\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.10 Location of lignins (cell walls lignification) 111\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.11 Lignins from hybrids 112\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4.12 Differences between Angiosperm and Gymnosperm lignins 115\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 119\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Three Sources and Characterization of Lignin 127\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Isolation of lignins 129\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e5.1 Introduction 129\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.2 Methods for lignin isolation from wood and grass for laboratory purposes 130\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5.3 Commercial lignins 143\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 154\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Functional and spectroscopic characterization of lignins 161\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e6.1 Introduction 161\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.2 Elemental analysis and empirical formula 161\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.3 Determination of molecular weight 163\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.4 Functional group analyses 167\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.5 Frequencies of functional groups and linkage types in lignins 176\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.6 Characterization by spectroscopic methods 182\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6.7 Raman spectroscopy 186\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 195\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Chemical characterization and modification of lignins 207\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e7.1 Introduction 207\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.2 Characterization by chemical degradation methods 207\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.3 Other chemical transformations of lignins 238\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.4 Other chemical modifications of lignins 247\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.5 Thermolysis (pyrolysis) 249\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e7.6 Biochemical transformations of lignins 250\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 252\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePart Four Lignins Applications 267\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Applications of modified and unmodified lignins 269\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e8.1 Introduction 269\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.2 Lignin as fuel 272\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.3 Lignin as a binder 273\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.4 Lignin as chelant agent 275\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.5 Lignin in biosciences and medicine 276\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.6 Lignin in agriculture 278\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.7 Polymers with unmodified lignin 279\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.8 Other applications of unmodified lignins 288\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.9 New polymeric materials derived from modified lignins and related biomass derivatives 294\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.10 Polymers derived from chemicals obtainable from lignin decomposition 304\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e8.11 Other applications of modified lignins 305\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 308\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 High-value chemical products 313\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e9.1 Introduction 313\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.2 Gasification: syngas from lignin 315\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.3 Thermolysis of lignin 316\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.4 Hydrodeoxygenation (hydrogenolysis) 317\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.5 Hydrothermal hydrolysis 319\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.6 Chemical depolymerisation 321\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.7 Oxidative transformation of lignin 324\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9.8 High-value chemicals from lignin 328\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 335\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Five Lignans 339\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Structure and chemical properties of lignans 341\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e10.1 Introduction 341\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.2 Structure and classification of lignans 341\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.3 Nomenclature of lignans 346\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.4 Lignan occurrence in plants 349\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.5 Methods of isolation of lignans from plants 354\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.6 Structure determination of lignans 356\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e10.7 The chemical synthesis of lignans 357\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 387\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Biological properties of lignans 401\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e11.1 Introduction 401\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.2 Biosynthesis of lignans 402\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.3 Metabolism of lignans 413\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.4 Plant physiology and plant defence 418\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.5 Podophyllotoxin 422\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e11.6 Biological activity of different lignan structures 435\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 466\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Six Outcome and Challenges 491\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Summary, conclusions, and perspectives on lignin chemistry 493\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e12.1 Sources of lignin 493\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.2 On the structure of lignin 494\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.3 Biosynthesis and biological function 495\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.4 Applications of lignin 495\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.5 Lignans 497\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e12.6 Perspectives 498\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReferences 499\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eGeneral index 500\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor index 501\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrancisco García Calvo-Flores\u003c\/strong\u003e, Associate Professor, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Spain. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJosé A. Dobado\u003c\/strong\u003e, Associate Professor, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Spain. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJoaquín Isac García\u003c\/strong\u003e, Associate Professor, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Spain. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrancisco J. Martin-Martinez\u003c\/strong\u003e, Post-doctoral? Researcher, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Belgium.\u003cbr\u003e The authors form a multidisciplinary team in research areas spanning carbohydrate chemistry, green chemistry, chemical engineering, organic synthesis, and theoretical chemistry. They also have extensive experience in teaching subjects such as Green Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Application of Spectroscopic Methods to Organic Compounds, Computational Organic Chemistry, both at the undergraduate and Masters level of Chemistry.  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs naturally occurring and abundant sources of non-fossil carbon, lignin and lignans offer exciting possibilities as a source of commercially valuable products, moving away from petrochemical-based feedstocks in favour of renewable raw materials. Lignin can be used directly in fields such as agriculture, livestock, soil rehabilitation, bioremediation and the polymer industry, or it can be chemically modified for the fabrication of specialty and high-value chemicals such as resins, adhesives, fuels and greases.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLignin and Lignans as Renewable Raw Materials presents a multidisciplinary overview of the state-of-the-art and future prospects of lignin and lignans. The book discusses the origin, structure, function and applications of both types of compounds, describing the main resources and values of these products as carbon raw materials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book is a comprehensive resource for researchers, scientists and engineers in academia and industry working on new possibilities for the application of renewable raw materials.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.wiley.com\/go\/rrs\"\u003ewww.wiley.com\/go\/rrs\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTopics covered include:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Structure and physicochemical properties\u003cbr\u003e• Lignin detection methods\u003cbr\u003e• Biosynthesis of lignin\u003cbr\u003e• Isolation methods\u003cbr\u003e• Characterization and modification of lignins\u003cbr\u003e• Applications of modified and unmodified lignins \u003cbr\u003e• Lignans: structure, chemical and biological properties\u003cbr\u003e• Future perspectives\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989530165477,"sku":"NP9781118597866","price":207.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118597866.jpg?v=1761784479","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/lignin-and-lignans-as-renewable-raw-materials-isbn-9781118597866","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}