{"product_id":"introduction-to-general-organic-and-biochemistry-isbn-9781118501894","title":"Introduction to General, Organic, and Biochemistry","description":"The most comprehensive book available on the subject, \u003ci\u003e\u003cb\u003eIntroduction to General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 11th Edition\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e continues its tradition of fostering the development of problem-solving skills, featuring numerous examples and coverage of current applications. Skillfully anticipating areas of difficulty and pacing the material accordingly, this readable work provides clear and logical explanations of chemical concepts as well as the right mix of general chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry. An emphasis on real-world topics lets readers clearly see how the chemistry will apply to their career. \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 An Introduction to Chemistry 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 The Nature of Chemistry 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 A Scientific Approach to Problem Solving 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 The Particulate Nature of Matter 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Classifying Matter 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises, Additional Exercises 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Practice Exercises 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Standards for Measurement 13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Scientific Notation 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Measurement and Uncertainty 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Significant Figures 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Significant Figures in Calculations 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 The Metric System 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Dimensional Analysis: A Problem-Solving Method 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Measurement of Temperature 30 Chemistry in action Setting Standards 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Density 34       \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Elements and Compounds 44\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Elements 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Introduction to the Periodic Table 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Compounds and Formulas 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Properties of Matter 62\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Properties of Substances 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Physical and Chemical Changes 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Learning to Solve Problems 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Energy 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Heat: Quantitative Measurement 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Energy in the Real World 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 1–4 review 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Early Atomic Theory and Structure 82\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Dalton’s Model of the Atom 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Electric Charge 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Subatomic Parts of the Atom 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 The Nuclear Atom 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Isotopes of the Elements 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Atomic Mass 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 98\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Common and Systematic Names 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Elements and Ions 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Writing Formulas from Names of Ionic Compounds 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Naming Binary Compounds 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Acids 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 5–6 review 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Quantitative Composition of Compounds 121\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 The Mole 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Molar Mass of Compounds 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Percent Composition of Compounds 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Calculating Empirical Formulas 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Calculating the Molecular Formula from the Empirical Formula 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Chemical Equations 143\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 The Chemical Equation 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Types of Chemical Equations 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Heat in Chemical Reactions 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Calculations from Chemical Equations 167\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction to Stoichiometry 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Mole–Mole Calculations 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Mole–Mass Calculations 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Mass–Mass Calculations 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Limiting Reactant and Yield Calculations 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 7–9 review 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Modern Atomic Theory and the Periodic Table 191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 The Bohr Atom 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Energy Levels of Electrons 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Atomic Structures of the First 18 Elements 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Electron Structures and the Periodic Table 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Chemical Bonds: The Formation of Compounds from Atoms 212\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Lewis Structures of Atoms 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 The Ionic Bond: Transfer of Electrons from One Atom to Another 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Predicting Formulas of Ionic Compounds 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 The Covalent Bond: Sharing Electrons 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Electronegativity 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Lewis Structures of Compounds 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Complex Lewis Structures 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Molecular Shape 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Practice Exercises 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 10–11 review 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 The Gaseous State of Matter 248\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Properties of Gases 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Boyle’s Law 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Charles’ Law 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Avogadro’s Law 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Combined Gas Laws 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Ideal Gas Law 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Density of Gases 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Gas Stoichiometry 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Liquids 282\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 States of Matter: A Review 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Properties of Liquids 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Boiling Point and Melting Point 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Changes of State 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Intermolecular Forces 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Hydrates 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Water, a Unique Liquid 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Solutions 305\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 General Properties of Solutions 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Solubility 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Rate of Dissolving Solids 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Concentration of Solutions 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Colligative Properties of Solutions 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 12–14 review 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Acids, Bases, and Salts 337\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Acids and Bases 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Reactions of Acids and Bases 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Salts 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Introduction to pH 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Neutralization 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Writing Net Ionic Equations 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Acid Rain 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Chemical Equilibrium 363\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Rates of Reaction 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Chemical Equilibrium 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Le Châtelier’s Principle 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Equilibrium Constants 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Ion Product Constant for Water 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Ionization Constants 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Solubility Product Constant 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Buffer Solutions: The Control of pH 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Oxidation–Reduction 390\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Oxidation Number 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Balancing Oxidation–Reduction Equations 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Balancing Ionic Redox Equations 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Activity Series of Metals 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Electrolytic and Voltaic Cells 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 15–17 review 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Nuclear Chemistry 417\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Discovery of Radioactivity 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Alpha Particles, Beta Particles, and Gamma Rays 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Radioactive Disintegration Series 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Measurement of Radioactivity 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Nuclear Energy 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Mass–Energy Relationship in Nuclear Reactions 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Biological Effects of Radiation 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapter 18 review 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Organic Chemistry: Saturated Hydrocarbons 443\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Organic Chemistry: History and Scope 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 The Carbon Atom: Bonding, Shape, and Hybridization 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Classifying Organic Compounds 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 Hydrocarbons 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Saturated Hydrocarbons: Alkanes 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.6 Structural Formulas 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.7 Isomerism 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8 Naming Organic Compounds 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.9 Introduction to the Reactions of Carbon 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.10 Reactions of Alkanes 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.11 Cycloalkanes 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.12 Gasoline: A Major Petroleum Product 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 473\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons 481\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Bonding in Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Nomenclature of Alkenes 484\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Geometric Isomerism in Alkenes 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Cycloalkenes 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Preparation and Properties of Alkenes 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Nomenclature and Properties of Alkynes 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7 Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Structure of Benzene 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.8 Naming Aromatic Compounds 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9 Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.10 Sources and Properties of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 514\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises, Challenge Exercises 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Practice Exercises 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Polymers: Macromolecules 520\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Macromolecules 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 Synthetic Polymers 521\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Polymer Types 522\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Addition Polymerization 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.5 Recycling Plastics 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.6 Butadiene Polymers 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.7 Geometric Isomerism in Polymers 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises, Challenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 19–21 review 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Alcohols, Ethers, Phenols, and Thiols 537\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Structure and Classification of Alcohols 538\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Naming Alcohols 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Physical Properties of Alcohols 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Chemical Properties of Alcohols 544\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Common Alcohols 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Phenols 554\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.7 Properties and Preparation of Phenols 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8 Ethers 558\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.9 Properties and Preparation of Ethers 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.10 Thiols 563\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 564\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 566\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises, Challenge Exercises 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Practice Exercises 571\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Aldehydes and Ketones 572\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Bonding and Physical Properties 577\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Chemical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones 580\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Common Aldehydes and Ketones 588\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 Condensation Polymers 590\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 591\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 592\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 595\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercise 596\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Practice Exercises 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 22–23 review 598\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Carboxylic Acids and Esters 603\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature and Sources of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids 604\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids 607\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Classification of Carboxylic Acids 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Preparation and Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids 613\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Nomenclature of Esters 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Occurrence and Physical Properties of Esters 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7 Polyesters: Condensation Polymers 621\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8 Chemical Properties of Esters 622\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.9 Glycerol Esters 624\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.10 Soaps and Synthetic Detergents 627\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.11 Esters and Anhydrides of Phosphoric Acid 631\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 632\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 635\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 638\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercises 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Practice Exercises 640\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Amides and Amines: Organic Nitrogen Compounds 641\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Amides: Nomenclature and Physical Properties 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Chemical Properties of Amides 646\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Polyamides: Condensation Polymers 647\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Urea 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Amines: Nomenclature and Physical Properties 648\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6 Preparation of Amines 653\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.7 Chemical Properties of Amines 654\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.8 Sources and Uses of Selected Amines 657\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 660\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 661\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 662\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 664\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 24–25 review 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 Stereoisomerism 671\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 Review of Isomerism 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Plane-Polarized Light and Optical Activity 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Fischer Projection Formulas 675\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 Enantiomers 677\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 Racemic Mixtures 682\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6 Diastereomers and Meso Compounds 684\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 687\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 688\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 691\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 Carbohydrates 694\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 Carbohydrates: A First Class of Biochemicals 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Classification of Carbohydrates 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 Importance of Carbohydrates for Life 698\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 Common Monosaccharides 699\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5 Structure of Glucose and Other Aldoses 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6 Cyclic Structures of Common Hexoses 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7 Hemiacetals and Acetals 708\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.8 Pentoses 709\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.9 Structures and Properties of Disaccharides 710\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.10 Sweeteners and Diet 713\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.11 Redox Reactions of Monosaccharides 715\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.12 Polysaccharides 719\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 724\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 727\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises, Challenge Exercises 729\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Practice Exercises 730\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28 Lipids 731\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Lipid Characteristics and Classification 732\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 Simple Lipids 733\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.3 Fats in Metabolism 738\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.4 Compound Lipids 739\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.5 Steroids 743\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.6 Hydrophobic Lipids and Biology 744\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 750\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 751\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 752\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises, Challenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 753\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 26–28 review 754\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29 Amino Acids, Polypeptides, and Proteins 759\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 The Structure–Function Connection 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2 The Nature of Amino Acids 760\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3 Formation of Polypeptides 766\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.4 Protein Structure 770\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.5 Protein Functions 773\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.6 Some Examples of Proteins and Their Structures 775\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.7 Loss of Protein Structure 783\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.8 Tests for Proteins and Amino Acids 784\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.9 Determination of the Primary Structure of Polypeptides 787\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 789\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 792\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 794\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 795\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 Enzymes 796\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.1 Molecular Accelerators 797\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.2 Rates of Chemical Reactions 798\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.3 Enzyme Kinetics 801\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.4 Industrial-Strength Enzymes 803\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.5 Enzyme Active Site 805\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.6 Temperature and pH Effects on Enzyme Catalysis 808\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.7 Enzyme Regulation 809\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 811\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 812\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 813\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises, Challenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 814\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e31 Nucleic Acids and Heredity 815\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.1 Molecules of Heredity—Bases and Nucleosides 816\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.2 Nucleotides: Phosphate Esters 819\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.3 High-Energy Nucleotides 820\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.4 Polynucleotides; Nucleic Acids 822\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.5 Structure of DNA 823\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.6 DNA Replication 827\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.7 RNA: Genetic Transcription 833\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.8 The Genetic Code—Genes and Medicine 836\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.9 Biosynthesis of Proteins 839\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.10 Changing the Genome: Mutations and Genetic Engineering 840\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 844\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 846\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 847\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises, Challenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 848\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 29–31 review 850\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32 Nutrition 854\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.1 Nutrients and Diet 855\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.2 Energy in the Diet 857\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.3 Macronutrients 858\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.4 Vitamins, Vital Micronutrients 861\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.5 Minerals 863\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.6 Water 864\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.7 Nutrition Content Labeling 864\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.8 Food Additives 866\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.9 A Balanced Diet 868\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.10 Human Digestion 870\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 873\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 875\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 876\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 877\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e33 Bioenergetics 878\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.1 Metabolism and Cell Structure 879\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.2 Biological Oxidation–Reduction: An Important Energy Source 880\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.3 Molecular Oxygen and Metabolism 884\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.4 High-Energy Phosphate Bonds 885\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.5 Phosphorylation: Energy Transfer 886\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.6 ATP Use and Muscle Contraction 889\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.7 Photosynthesis 892\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 893\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions 894\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaired Exercises 895\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises, Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises 896\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e34 Carbohydrate Metabolism 897\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.1 Metabolic Pathways, Carbohydrates, and Cooperation 898\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.2 Anaerobic Sequence 903\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.3 Citric Acid Cycle (Aerobic Sequence) 907\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.4 Gluconeogenesis 910\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.5 Overview of Complex Metabolic Pathways 910\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.6 Hormones 912\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.7 Blood Glucose and Hormones 913\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 915\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 917\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises 918\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises 919\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e35 Metabolism of Lipids and Proteins 920\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.1 Metabolic Energy Sources: Organs Working Together for the Common Good 921\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.2 Fatty Acid Oxidation (Beta Oxidation) 922\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.3 Fat Storage and Biosynthesis (Lipogenesis) 926\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.4 Ketone Bodies 928\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.5 Metabolic Nitrogen Fixation 929\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.6 Amino Acids and Metabolic Nitrogen Balance 931\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.7 Amino Acids and Nitrogen Transfer 932\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.8 Nitrogen Excretion and the Urea Cycle 934\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.9 Acetyl-CoA, Central Molecule in Metabolism 936\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview 938\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview Questions, Paired Exercises 940\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditional Exercises, Challenge Exercise 941\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Practice Exercises 942\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePutting It Together Chapters 32–35 review 943\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAppendices\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI. Mathematical Review A-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eII. Using a Scientific Calculator A-10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIII. Units of Measurement A-14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIV. Vapor Pressure of Water at Various Temperatures A-15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eV. Solubility Table A-16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVI. Answers to Selected Exercises A-17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVII. Answers to Putting It Together Review Exercises A-48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary G-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex I-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMorris Hein\u003c\/b\u003e is professor emeritus of chemistry at Mt. San Antonio College, where he regularly taught the preparatory chemistry course and organic chemistry. He is the original author of Foundations of College Chemistry and his name has become synonymous with clarity, meticulous accuracy and a step-by-step approach that students can follow. Over the years, more than three million students have learned chemistry using a text by Morris Hein. In addition to \u003ci\u003eFoundations of College chemistry\u003c\/i\u003e, 12e, he is co-author of \u003ci\u003eIntroduction to General, Organic, and Biochemistry\u003c\/i\u003e, 8e, and \u003ci\u003eIntroduction to Organic and Biochemistry\u003c\/i\u003e. He is also co-author of \u003ci\u003eFoundations of chemistry in the Laboratory\u003c\/i\u003e, 12e, and \u003ci\u003eIntroduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry in the Laboratory\u003c\/i\u003e, 8e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"New","offer_id":44813565788389,"sku":"NP9781118501894","price":239.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118501894.jpg?v=1761780868","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/introduction-to-general-organic-and-biochemistry-isbn-9781118501894","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}