{"product_id":"introduction-to-chemical-engineering-isbn-9781119634089","title":"Introduction to Chemical Engineering","description":"\u003cb\u003eIntroduction to Chemical Engineering\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn accessible introduction to chemical engineering for specialists in adjacent fields\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChemical engineering plays a vital role in numerous industries, including chemical manufacturing, oil and gas refining and processing, food processing, biofuels, pharmaceutical manufacturing, plastics production and use, and new energy recovery and generation technologies. Many people working in these fields, however, are nonspecialists: management, other kinds of engineers (mechanical, civil, electrical, software, computer, safety, etc.), and scientists of all varieties. Introduction to Chemical Engineering is an ideal resource for those looking to fill the gaps in their education so that they can fully engage with matters relating to chemical engineering.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on an introductory course designed to assist chemists becoming familiar with aspects of chemical plants, this book examines the fundamentals of chemical processing. The book specifically focuses on transport phenomena, mixing and stirring, chemical reactors, and separation processes. Readers will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA hands-on approach to the material with many practical examples\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCalculus is the only type of advanced mathematics used\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA wide range of unit operations including distillation, liquid extraction, absorption of gases, membrane separation, crystallization, liquid\/solid separation, drying, and gas\/solid separation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eIntroduction to Chemical Engineering\u003c\/i\u003e is a great help for chemists, biologists, physicists, and non-chemical engineers looking to round out their education for the workplace. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrologue xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Transport Phenomena 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Mass Balances 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Theory 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Additional Material 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Energy Balances 11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Definitions 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The General Energy Balance 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Applications of the General Energy Balance 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Pump 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Air Oxidation of Cumene 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 The Mechanical Energy Equation 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Applications of the Mechanical Energy Balance 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Viscosity 23\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Definition 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Newtonian Fluids 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Non-Newtonian Fluids 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 The Viscosity is a Function of the Temperature and the Shear Rate 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 The Viscosity is a Function of Time 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Viscoelasticity 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Viscosity of Newtonian Fluids 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.1 Gases 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5.2 Liquids 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Laminar Flow 33\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Steady-state Flow Through a Circular Tube 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Rotational Viscosimeters 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Additional Remarks 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Turbulent Flow 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Velocity Distribution 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 The Reynolds Number 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Pressure Drop in Horizontal Conduits 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Pressure Drop in Tube Systems 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Flow Around Obstacles 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Introduction 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Dispersed Spherical Particles 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Terminal Velocity of a Swarm of Particles 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Flow Resistance of Heat Exchangers with Tubes 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Flow Meters 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Fluid-energy Activated Flow Meters 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Oval-gear Flow Meter 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Orifice Meter 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Venturi Meter 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Rotameter 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 External Stimulus Flow Meters 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Thermal Flow Meter 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Ultrasonic Flow Meters 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Case Studies Flow Phenomena 63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Energy Consumption: Calculation of the Power Potential of a High Artificial Lake 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Estimation of the Size of a Pump Motor 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Heat Conduction 67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Thermal Conductivity 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Steady-state Heat Conduction 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Heating or Cooling of a Solid Body 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Convective Heat Transfer 79\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Heat Exchangers 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Heat Transfer Correlations 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Heat Transfer by Radiation 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 IR 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Dielectric Heating 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 General Aspects 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 RF Heating 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Microwave Heating 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Case Studies Heat Transfer 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Bulk Materials Heat Exchanger 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Heat Exchanger 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Surface Temperature of the Sun 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Gas IR Textile Drying 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Heat Loss by IR Radiation 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Microwave Drying of a Pharmaceutical Product 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Steady-state Diffusion 105\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction and Definition of the Diffusion Coefficient 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 The Diffusion Coefficient 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Steady-state Diffusion 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Convective Mass Transfer 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Partial and Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Mass Transfer Between a Fixed Wall and a Flowing Medium 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer at Convective Drying 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Case Studies Mass Transfer 123\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Equimolar Diffusion 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Diffusion through a Stagnant Body 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Sublimation of a Naphthalene Sphere 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation I 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreek Symbols 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Mixing and Stirring 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Introduction to Mixing and Stirrer Types 137\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Mixing Time 143\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Approach of Beek et al. 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Approach of Zlokarnik 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Power Consumption 153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Suspensions 157\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Power Consumption 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Further Work 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Liquid\/Liquid Dispersions 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Gas Distribution 169\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Turbine 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Pitched-Blade Turbine Pumping Downward 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Turbine Scale Up 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Batch Air Oxidation of a Hydrocarbon 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Remark 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 20.1 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Physical Gas Absorption 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1 Introduction 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2 k \u003csub\u003el\u003c\/sub\u003e . a Measurements 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3 Power Consumption on Scaling Up 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4 Remarks 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Heat Transfer in Stirred Vessels 185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.1 Introduction 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.2 Heat Transfer Jacket Wall\/Process Liquid 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3 Heat Transfer Coil Wall\/Process Liquid 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4 Heat Transfer Jacket Medium\/Vessel Wall 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.5 Heat Transfer Coil Medium\/Coil Wall 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.6 Batch Heating and Cooling 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Scale Up of Mixing 195\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1 Introduction 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2 Homogenization 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3 Suspensions 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4 Liquid\/Liquid Dispersions 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.5 Gas Distribution 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.6 k \u003csub\u003el\u003c\/sub\u003e . a 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7 Heat Transfer 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Case Studies Mixing and Stirring 201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.1 Mixing Time—Comparison of Stirrers 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2 Mixing Time—Scale Up of Process 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.3 Suspensions 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.4 Air Oxidation Optimization 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5 Calculating k \u003csub\u003el\u003c\/sub\u003e . a 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.6 Heating Toluene in a Stirred Vessel 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.7 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of a Jacketed Reactor 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8 Scale Up of Mixing 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation II 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreek Symbols 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart III Chemical Reactors 215\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25 Chemical Reaction Engineering—An Introduction 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1 Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.2 Kinetic Rate Data and Transport Phenomena 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3 Reactor Types 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4 Batch Reactions Versus Continuous Reactions 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5 Adiabatic Temperature Rise 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.6 Recycle 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.7 Process Intensification 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26 A Few Typical Chemical Reactors 227\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.1 The Carbo-V-Process of Choren 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2 Coal Gasification 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.3 Biofuels 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.4 Pyrogenic Silica 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5 Microwaves 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27 The Order of a Reaction 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1 The Rate of a Reaction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2 Introductory Remarks on the Order of a Reaction 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 First-Order Reaction 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4 Second-Order Reactions 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28 The Rate of Chemical Reactions as a Function of Temperature 241\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.1 Arrhenius’ Law 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.2 How to Influence Chemical Reaction Rates 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29 Chemical Reaction Engineering—A Quantitative Approach 245\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1 Introduction 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2 Batch Reactor 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.3 Plug Flow Reactor 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.4 Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.5 Reactor Choice 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.6 Staging 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.7 Reversible Reactions 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e30 A Plant Modification: From Batchwise to Continuous Manufacture 257\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.1 Introduction 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.2 Batchwise Production 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.3 Continuous Manufacture 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e31 Intrinsic Continuous Process Safeguarding 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.1 Summary 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.2 Introduction 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.3 The Production of Organic Peroxides 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.4 Intrinsically Safe Processes 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.5 Intrinsic Process Safeguarding 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.6 Extrinsic Process Safeguarding 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.7 Additional Remarks 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.8 Practical Approach 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.9 Examples 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32 Reactor Choice and Scale Up 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.1 Introduction 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.2 Parallel Reactions 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.3 Physical Effects 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e33 Case Studies Chemical Reaction Engineering 271\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.1 Order of a Reaction 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.2 Chemical Reaction Rate as a Function of Temperature 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.3 Reactor Size 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.4 Reversible Reactions 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.5 Competing Reactions 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.6 The Hydrolysis of Acetic Acid Anhydride 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.7 Cumene Air Oxidation 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation III 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreek Symbols 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IV Distillation 281\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e34 Continuous Distillation 283\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.1 Introduction 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.2 Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.3 The Fractionating Column 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.4 The Number of Trays Required 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.5 The Importance of the Reflux Ratio 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.6 A Typical Continuous Industrial Distillation 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e35 Design of Continuous Distillation Columns 295\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.1 Sieve Tray Columns 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.2 Packed Columns 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNote 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e36 Various Types of Distillation 303\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.1 Batch Distillation 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.2 Azeotropic and Extractive Distillation 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.3 Steam Distillation 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e37 Case Studies Distillation 313\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.1 McCabe–Thiele Diagram 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.2 Diameter of a Sieve Tray Column and Sieve Tray Pressure Loss 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.3 The Distillation of Wine 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.4 Steam Distillation 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation IV 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreek Symbols 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart V Liquid Extraction 327\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e38 Liquid Extraction – Part 1 329\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.1 Introduction 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.2 The Distribution Coefficient 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.3 Calculation of the Number of Theoretical Stages in Extraction Operations 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e39 Liquid Extraction – Part 2 337\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.1 Calculation of the Number of Transfer Units in Extraction Operations 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e40 Flooding 343\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.1 General 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e41 The Two Liquids Exchanging a Component Are Partially Miscible 347\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.1 Triangular Coordinates 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.2 Formation of One Pair of Partially Miscible Liquids 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.3 Continuous Countercurrent Multiple-contact Extraction 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e42 Case Studies Liquid Extraction 357\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.1 A Series of Centrifugal Extractors 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.2 Extraction by Means of An Ionic Liquid 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.3 Overall Transfer Coefficient\/Height of a Transfer Unit 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.4 Calculation of the Column Height 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.5 Two Partially Miscible Liquids Exchange a Component 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation V 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreek Symbols 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VI Absorption of Gases 371\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e43 Absorption of Gases 373\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.1 Introduction 373\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.2 Determination of the Number of Theoretical Stages at Absorption of Gases 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.3 Estimation of the Diameter of an Absorption Column for Natural Gas 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.4 The Absorption of Carbon Dioxide 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.5 Design of Absorption Columns 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation VI 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreek Symbols 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VII Membranes 385\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e44 Membranes—An Introduction 387\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.1 General 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.2 Membranes 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.3 Three Pressure-Driven Membrane Separation Processes for Aqueous Systems 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.4 A Membrane Separation Process for Aqueous Solutions Which Is Driven by an Electrical Potential Difference 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.5 Gas Separation 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.6 Pervaporation 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.7 Medical Applications 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.8 Additional Remarks 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e45 Microfiltration 395\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.1 Introduction 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.2 Membrane Types 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.3 Membrane Characterization 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.4 Filter Construction 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.5 Operational Practice 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e46 Ultrafiltration 401\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.1 Introduction 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.2 Membrane Characterization 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.3 Concentration Polarization and Membrane Fouling 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.4 Membrane Cleaning 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.5 Ultrafiltration Membrane Systems 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.6 Continuous Systems 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.7 Applications 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e47 Reverse Osmosis 413\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.1 Osmosis 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.2 Reverse Osmosis 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.3 Theoretical Background 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.4 Concentration Polarization 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.5 Membrane Specifications 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.6 Membrane Qualities 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.7 Reverse Osmosis Units 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.8 Membrane Fouling Control and Cleaning 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.9 Applications 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.10 Nanofiltration Membranes 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.11 Conclusions and Future Directions 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e48 Electrodialysis 423\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.1 Introduction 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.2 Functioning of Ion-Exchange Membranes 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.3 Types of Ion Exchange Membranes 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.4 Transport in Electrodialysis Membranes 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.5 Power Consumption 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.6 System Design 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.7 Applications 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e49 Gas Separation 431\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.1 Introduction 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.2 Theoretical Background 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.3 Process Design 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.4 Applications 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50 Case Studies Membranes 443\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.1 Gel Formation 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.2 Osmotic Pressure 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.3 Membrane Gas Separation 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation VII 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreek Symbols 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart VIII Crystallization, Liquid\/Solid Separation, and Drying 449\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e51 Crystallization 451\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.1 Introduction 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.2 Solubility 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.3 Nucleation 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.4 Crystal Growth 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.5 Crystallizers and Crystallizer Operations 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.6 The Population Density Balance 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.7 Interpretation of the Results of Population Density Balances 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e52 Liquid\/Solid separation 467\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.1 Introduction 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.2 Filtration 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.2.1 Introduction 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.2.2 Cake Filtration 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.2.3 Filter Aids 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.2.4 Deep-Bed Filtration 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.2.5 Filtration Equipment 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.3 Centrifugation 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e53 Convective Drying 479\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.1 Introduction 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.2 Four Important Continuous Convective Dryers in the Chemical Industry 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.3 A First Example of Convective Drying 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.4 The Adiabatic Saturation Temperature 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.5 The Wet-Bulb Temperature 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.6 The Mollier Diagram 486\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.7 Drying Vacuum Pan Salt in a Plug Flow Fluid-Bed Dryer 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e54 Design of a Flash Dryer 489\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.1 Introduction 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.2 Design 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e55 Contact Drying 493\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.1 Introduction 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.2 Scaling Up of a Conical Vacuum Dryer 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.3 An Additional Remark Concerning Vacuum Drying 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.4 Testing a Small Plate Dryer 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.5 Testing a Continuous Paddle Dryer 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.6 Scale Up of a Thin-Film Dryer 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e56 Case Studies Crystallization, Liquid\/Solid Separation, and Drying 507\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.1 Ultracentrifuges 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.2 Le 2\/3 507\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.3 Convective Drying- 1 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.4 Convective Drying- 2 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.5 Analysis of a Spray-Drying Operation 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.6 Estimation of the Size of a Contact Dryer 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 515\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation VIII 517\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreek Symbols 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart IX Gas\/Solid Separation 521\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e57 Introduction 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e58 Cyclones 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.1 Introduction 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.2 Sizing and Process Data 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 527\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e59 Fabric Filters 529\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.1 Introduction 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.2 Fabrics 529\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.3 Baghouse Construction and Operation 531\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 532\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e60 Scrubbers 533\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.1 Introduction 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.2 Packed-Bed Scrubbers 534\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.3 Venturi Scrubbers 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.4 Mechanical Scrubbers 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e61 Electrostatic Precipitators 539\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.1 Introduction 539\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.2 Principle of Operation 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.3 Process Data 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.4 Construction 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReference 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotation IX 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreek Symbols 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 545\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eC.M. van ’t Land\u003c\/b\u003e ran the seminar and consulting company Van ’t Land Processing between 1999 and 2020. Prior to that, he worked at Akzo Nobel Chemicals from 1968-2000 as process engineer, and later, process development manager and project leader. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eIndustrial Drying Equipment: Selection and Application, Industrial Crystallization of Melts, Drying in the Process Industry\u003c\/i\u003e, and \u003ci\u003eSafety in Design\u003c\/i\u003e.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn accessible introduction to chemical engineering for specialists in adjacent fields\u003c\/b\u003e  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChemical engineering plays a vital role in numerous industries, including chemical manufacturing, oil and gas refining and processing, food processing, biofuels, pharmaceutical manufacturing, plastics production and use, and new energy recovery and generation technologies. Many people working in these fields, however, are nonspecialists: management, other kinds of engineers (mechanical, civil, electrical, software, computer, safety, etc.), and scientists of all varieties. Introduction to Chemical Engineering is an ideal resource for those looking to fill the gaps in their education so that they can fully engage with matters relating to chemical engineering.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on an introductory course designed to assist chemists becoming familiar with aspects of chemical plants, this book examines the fundamentals of chemical processing. The book specifically focuses on transport phenomena, mixing and stirring, chemical reactors, and separation processes. Readers will also find: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA hands-on approach to the material with many practical examples\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCalculus is the only type of advanced mathematics used\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eA wide range of unit operations including distillation, liquid extraction, absorption of gases, membrane separation, crystallization, liquid\/solid separation, drying, and gas\/solid separation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eIntroduction to Chemical Engineering\u003c\/i\u003e is a great help for chemists, biologists, physicists, and non-chemical engineers looking to round out their education for the workplace.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989456732389,"sku":"NP9781119634089","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119634089.jpg?v=1761784173","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/introduction-to-chemical-engineering-isbn-9781119634089","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}