{"product_id":"hierarchical-protection-for-smart-grids-isbn-9781119304807","title":"Hierarchical Protection for Smart Grids","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cb\u003eA systematic view of hierarchical protection for smart grids, with solutions to tradition protection problems and complicated operation modes of modern power systems\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Systematically investigates traditional protection problems from the bird’s eye view of hierarchical protection\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Focuses on multiple variable network structures and complicated operation modes\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e• Offers comprehensive countermeasures on improving protection performance based on up-to-date research\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Author ix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForeword xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Basic Theories of Power System Relay Protection 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Function of Relay Protection 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Basic Requirements of Relay Protection 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Reliability 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Selectivity 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Speed 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Sensitivity 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Basic Principles of Relay Protection 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Over-Current Protection 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Directional Current Protection 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Distance Protection 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Hierarchical Relay Protection 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Local Area Protection 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Substation Area Protection 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Wide Area Protection 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4 Constitution Mode of Hierarchical Relay Protection 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Summary 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Local Area Conventional Protection 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Transformer Protection 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Adaptive Scheme of Discrimination between Internal Faults and Inrush Currents of Transformer Using Mathematical Morphology 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Algorithm to Discriminate Internal Fault Current and Inrush Current Utilizing Variation Feature of Fundamental Current Amplitude 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Identifying Transformer Inrush Current Based on Normalized Grille Curve (NGC) 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.4 Adaptive Method to Identify CT Saturation Using Grille Fractal 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.5 Algorithm for Discrimination Between Inrush Currents and Internal Faults Based on Equivalent Instantaneous Leakage Inductance 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.6 A Two-Terminal Network-Based Method for Discrimination between Internal Faults and Inrush Currents 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Transmission Line Protection 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Line Protection Scheme for Single-Phase-to-Ground Faults Based on Voltage Phase Comparison 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Adaptive Distance Protection Scheme Based on the Voltage Drop Equation 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 Location Method for Inter-Line and Grounded Faults of Double-Circuit Transmission Lines Based on Distributed Parameters 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Adaptive Overload Identification Method Based on Complex Phasor Plane 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.5 Novel Fault Phase Selection Scheme Utilizing Fault Phase Selection Factors 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Summary 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Local Area Protection for Renewable Energy 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Fault Transient Characteristics of Renewable Energy Sources 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Mathematical Model and LVRT Characteristics of DFIG 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 DFIG Fault Transient Characteristics When the Crowbar Protection Is Not Put into Operation 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 DFIG Fault Transient Characteristics When the Crowbar Protection Is Put into Operation 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Local Area Protection for Centralized Renewable Energy 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Connection Form of a Wind Farm and its Protection Configuration 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Adaptive Distance Protection Scheme for Wind Farm Collector Lines 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Differential Protection Scheme for Wind Farm Outgoing Transmission Line 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Local Area Protection for Distributed Renewable Energy 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Adaptive Protection Approach for Distribution Network Containing Distributed Generation 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Islanding Detection Method 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Summary 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Topology Analysis 273\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Topology Analysis for Inner Substation 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Characteristic Analysis of the Main Electrical Connection 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Topology Analysis Method Based on Main Electrical Wiring Characteristics 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Scheme Verification 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Topology Analysis for Inter-substation 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Static Topology Analysis for Power Network 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Topology Update for Power Network 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Scheme Verification 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 False Topology Identification 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Road-Loop Equation 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Analysis of the Impacts of Topology Error and Undesirable Data on Branch Current 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Topology Error Identification Method Based on Road-loop Equation 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Scheme Verification 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Summary 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Substation Area Protection 317\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Substation Area Protection Based on Electrical Information 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Substation Area Regionalization 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Typical Fault Cases 323\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Scheme Performance Analysis 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Substation Area Protection Based on Operating Signals 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Setting Principle of Adaptive Current Protection 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Supporting Degree Calculation Method 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Substation Area Current Protection Algorithm 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Scheme Verification 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Summary 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Wide Area Protection 347\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Wide Area Protection Using Electrical Information 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Wide-Area Protection Using Fault Power Source Information 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Wide-Area Protection Using Fault Network Information 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Wide-Area Protection Suitable for Multiple Fault Identification 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Wide Area Protection Using Operating Signals 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Wide-Area Protection Based on Distance Protection Operational Signal 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Wide-Area Protection Based on Current Protection Operational Signal 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 Wide-Area Protection Based on Virtual Impedance of Fault Component 406\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Wide Area Tripping Strategy 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Tripping Strategy Based on Directional Weighting 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Simulation Verification 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Summary 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendices 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eZengping Wang and Jing Ma\u003c\/b\u003e, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-IEEE Press","offers":[{"title":"Default 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