{"product_id":"handbook-of-polymer-crystallization-isbn-9780470380239","title":"Handbook of Polymer Crystallization","description":"Polymeric crystals are more complex in nature than other materials' crystal structures due to significant structural disorder present. The only comprehensive reference on polymer crystallization, \u003ci\u003eHandbook of Polymer Crystallization\u003c\/i\u003e provides readers with a broad, in-depth guide on the subject, covering the numerous problems encountered during crystallization as well as solutions to resolve those problems to achieve the desired result. Edited by leading authorities in the field, topics explored include neat polymers, heterogeneous systems, polymer blends, polymer composites orientation induced crystallization, crystallization in nanocomposites, and crystallization in complex thermal processing conditions.  \u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributors xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Experimental Techniques 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBenjamin S. Hsiao, Feng Zuo, and Yimin Mao, Christoph Schick\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction, 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Optical Microscopy, 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Reflection and Transmission Microscopy, 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Contrast Modes, 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Selected Applications, 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Electron Microscopy, 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Imaging Principle, 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Sample Preparation, 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Relevant Experimental Techniques, 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Selected Applications, 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Atomic Force Microscopy, 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Imaging Principle, 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Scanning Modes, 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Comparison between AFM and EM, 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.4 Recent Development: Video AFM, 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.5 Selected Applications, 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.1 Chemical Shift, 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.2 Relevant Techniques, 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.3 Recent Development: Multidimensional NMR, 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5.4 Selected Applications, 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Scattering Techniques: X-Ray, Light, and Neutron, 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.1 Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction, 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.2 Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering, 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.3 Small-Angle Light Scattering, 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6.4 Small-Angle Neutron Scattering, 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Differential Scanning Calorimetry, 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Modes of Operation, 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Determination of Degree of Crystallinity, 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Summary, 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments, 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Crystal Structures of Polymers 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eClaudio De Rosa and Finizia Auriemma\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Constitution and Confi guration of Polymer Chains, 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Conformation of Polymer Chains in Crystals and Conformational Polymorphism, 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Packing of Macromolecules in Polymer Crystals, 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Symmetry Breaking, 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Packing Effects on the Conformation of Polymer Chains in the Crystals: The Case of Aliphatic Polyamides, 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Defects and Disorder in Polymer Crystals, 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Substitutional Isomorphism of Different Chains, 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 Substitutional Isomorphism of Different Monomeric Units, 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Conformational Isomorphism, 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.4 Disorder in the Stacking of Ordered Layers (Stacking Fault Disorder), 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Crystal Habits, 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7.1 Rounded Lateral Habits, 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments, 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Structure of Polycrystalline Aggregates 73\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eBuckley Crist\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction, 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Crystals Grown from Solution, 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Facetted Monolayer Crystals from Dilute Solution, 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Dendritic Crystals from Dilute Solution, 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Growth Spirals in Dilute Solution, 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Concentrated Solutions, 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Crystals and Aggregates Grown from Molten Films, 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.1 Structures in Thin Films, 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.2 Structures in Ultrathin Films, 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3.3 Edge-On Lamellae in Molten Films, 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Spherulitic Aggregates, 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Optical Properties of Spherulites, 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Occurrence of Spherulites, 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Development of Spherulites, 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Banded Spherulites and Lamellar Twist, 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments, 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Polymer Nucleation 125\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eKiyoka N. Okada and Masamichi Hikosaka\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction, 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Classical Nucleation Theory, 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Nucleation Rate (I), 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Free Energy for Formation of a Nucleus ΔG(N), 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Free Energy for Formation of a Critical Nucleus (ΔG*), 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.4 Shape of a Nucleus Is Related to Kinetic Parameters, 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.5 Diffusion, 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Direct Observation of Nano-Nucleation by Synchrotron Radiation, 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Introduction and Experimental Procedure, 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Observation of Nano-Nucleation by SAXS, 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Extended Guinier Plot Method and Iteration Method, 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Kinetic Parameters and Size Distribution of the Nano-Nucleus, 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.5 Real Image of Nano-Nucleation, 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.6 Supercooling Dependence of Nano-nucleation, 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.7 Relationship between Nano-Nucleation and Macro-Crystallization, 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Improvement of Nucleation Theory, 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Introduction, 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Nucleation Theory Based on Direct Observation of Nucleation, 135\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Confirmation of the Theory by Overall Crystallinity, 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Homogeneous Nucleation from the Bulk Melt under Elongational Flow, 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Introduction and Case Study, 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.2 Formulation of Elongational Strain Rate  e, 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.3 Nano-Oriented Crystals, 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.4 Evidence of Homogeneous Nucleation, 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.5 Nano-Nucleation Results in Ultrahigh Performance, 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Heterogeneous Nucleation, 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Introduction, 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Experimental, 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Role of Epitaxy in Heterogeneous Nucleation, 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.4 Acceleration Mechanism of Nucleation of Polymers by Nano-Sizing of Nucleating Agent, 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Effect of Entanglement Density on the Nucleation Rate, 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.1 Introduction and Experimental, 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.2 Increase of νe Leads to a Decrease of I, 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.3 Change of νe with Δt, 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7.4 Two-Step Entangling Model, 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Conclusion, 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments, 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Growth of Polymer Crystals 165\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eKohji Tashiro\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction, 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Complex Behavior of Polymers, 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Growth of Polymer Crystals from Solutions, 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Single Crystals, 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Crystallization from Solution under Shear, 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Solution Casting Method, 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Growth of Polymer Crystals from Melt, 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Positive and Negative Spherulites, 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Spherulite Morphology and Crystalline Modification, 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 Spherulite Patterns of Blend Samples, 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Crystallization Mechanism of Polymer, 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.1 Basic Theory of Crystallization of Polymer, 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4.2 Growth Rate of Spherulites, 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Microscopically Viewed Structural Evolution in the Growing Polymer Crystals, 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Experimental Techniques, 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Structural Evolution in Isothermal Crystallization, 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Shear-Induced Crystallization of the Melt, 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Crystallization upon Heating from the Glassy State, 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.1 Cold Crystallization, 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6.2 Solvent-Induced Crystallization of Polymer Glass, 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Crystallization Phenomenon Induced by Tensile Force, 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 Photoinduced Formation and Growth of Polymer Crystals, 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Conclusion, 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Computer Modeling of Polymer Crystallization 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eGregory C. Rutledge\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction, 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Methods, 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Molecular Dynamics, 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Langevin Dynamics, 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Monte Carlo, 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.4 Kinetic Monte Carlo, 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Single-Chain Behavior in Crystallization, 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Solid-on-Solid Models, 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Molecular and Langevin Dynamics, 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Crystallization from the Melt, 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Lattice Monte Carlo Simulations, 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Molecular Dynamics Using Coarse-Grained Models, 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Molecular Dynamics Using Atomistic Models, 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Crystallization under Deformation or Flow, 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Concluding Remarks, 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Overall Crystallization Kinetics 215\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eEwa Piorkowska and Andrzej Galeski\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction, 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Measurements, 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Simulation, 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Theories: Isothermal and Nonisothermal Crystallization, 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Introductory Remarks, 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Extended Volume Approach, 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Probabilistic Approaches, 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.4 Isokinetic Model, 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.5 Rate Equations, 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Complex Crystallization Conditions: General Models, 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Factors Influencing the Overall Crystallization Kinetics, 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.1 Crystallization in a Uniform Temperature Field, 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.2 Crystallization in a Temperature Gradient, 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.3 Crystallization in a Confi ned Space, 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6.4 Flow-Induced Crystallization, 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Analysis of Crystallization Data, 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Isothermal Crystallization, 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Nonisothermal Crystallization, 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Conclusions, 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Epitaxial Crystallization of Polymers: Means and Issues 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAnnette Thierry and Bernard A. Lotz\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction and History, 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Means of Investigation of Epitaxial Crystallization, 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Global Techniques, 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Thin Film Techniques, 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Sample Preparation Techniques, 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Other Samples and Investigation Procedures, 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Epitaxial Crystallization of Polymers, 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 General Principles, 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Epitaxial Crystallization of “Linear” Polymers, 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Epitaxy of Helical Polymers, 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Polymer\/Polymer Epitaxy, 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Epitaxial Crystallization: Further Issues and Examples, 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Topographic versus Lattice Matching, 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Epitaxy of Isotactic Polypropylene on Isotactic Polyvinylcyclohexane, 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Epitaxy Involving Fold Surfaces of Polymer Crystals, 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Epitaxial Crystallization: Some Issues and Applications, 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Epitaxial Crystallization and the Design of New Nucleating Agents, 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Epitaxial Crystallization and the Design of Composite Materials, 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.3 Conformational and Packing Energy Analysis of Polymer Epitaxy, 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.4 Epitaxy as a Means to Generate Oriented Opto- or Electroactive Materials, 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Conclusions, 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Melting 265\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMarek Pyda\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction to the Melting of Polymer Crystals, 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Parameters of the Melting Process, 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Change of Conformation, 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Heat of Fusion and Degree of Crystallinity, 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Heat of Fusion, 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Degree of Crystallinity, 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Equilibrium Melting, 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.1 The Equilibrium Melting Temperature, 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5.2 The Equilibrium Thermodynamic Functions, 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Other Factors Affecting the Melting Process of Polymer Crystals, 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.1 The Influence of the Polymer’s Chemical Structure on the Melting Process, 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.2 The Effect of Polymer Molar Mass on the Melting Behavior, 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.3 Influence of Heating Rate on the Melting, 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.4 Multiple Melting Peaks of Polymers, 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.5 Influence of Pressure on the Melting Process, 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.6 The Melting Process by Other Methods, 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6.7 Diluents Effect: The Influence of Small Diluents on the Melting Process, 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Irreversible and Reversible Melting, 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Conclusions, 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Crystallization of Polymer Blends 287\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMariano Pracella\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 General Introduction, 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Thermodynamics of Polymer Blends, 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 General Principles, 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Miscible Polymer Blends, 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Introduction, 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Phase Morphology, 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.3 Crystal Growth Rate, 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.4 Overall Crystallization Kinetics, 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.5 Melting Behavior, 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.6 Blends with Partial Miscibility, 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.7 Crystallization Behavior of Amorphous\/Crystalline Blends, 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.8 Crystallization Behavior of Crystalline\/Crystalline Blends, 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Immiscible Polymer Blends, 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Introduction, 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Morphology and Crystal Nucleation, 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Crystal Growth Rate, 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Crystallization Behavior of Immiscible Blends, 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Compatibilized Polymer Blends, 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Compatibilization Methods, 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Morphology and Phase Interactions, 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.3 Crystallization Behavior of Compatibilized Blends, 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Polymer Blends with Liquid-Crystalline Components, 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Introduction, 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Mesomorphism and Phase Transition Behavior of Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystal Polymers, 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.3 Crystallization Behavior of Polymer\/LC Blends, 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.4 Crystallization Behavior of Polymer\/LCP Blends, 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Concluding Remarks, 320\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations, 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Crystallization in Copolymers 327\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eSheng Li and Richard A. Register\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction, 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Crystallization in Statistical Copolymers, 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.1 Flory’s Model, 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.2 Solid-State Morphology, 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.3 Mechanical Properties, 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.4 Crystallization Kinetics, 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.5 Statistical Copolymers with Two Crystallizable Units, 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2.6 Crystallization Thermodynamics, 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Crystallization of Block Copolymers from Homogeneous or Weakly Segregated Melts, 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.1 Solid-State Morphology, 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3.2 Crystallization-Driven Structure Formation, 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Summary, 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Crystallization in Nano-Confi ned Polymeric Systems 347\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eAlejandro J. Müller, Maria Luisa Arnal, and Arnaldo T. Lorenzo\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction, 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Confined Crystallization in Block Copolymers, 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Crystallization within Diblock Copolymers that are Strongly Segregated or Miscible and Contain only One Crystallizable Component, 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Crystallization within Strongly Segregated Double-Crystalline Diblock Copolymers and Triblock Copolymers, 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Crystallization of Droplet Dispersions and Polymer Layers, 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Polymer Blends, 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Immiscible Polymer Blends, 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Melt Miscible Blends, 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Modeling of Confi ned Crystallization of Macromolecules, 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Conclusions, 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Crystallization in Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites 379\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eEwa Piorkowska\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction, 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Microcomposites with Particulate Fillers, 380\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Fiber-Reinforced Composites, 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Modeling of Crystallization in Fiber-Reinforced Composites, 385\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Nanocomposites, 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Conclusions, 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix, 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Flow-Induced Crystallization 399\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eGerrit W.M. Peters, Luigi Balzano, and Rudi J.A. Steenbakkers\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction, 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Shear-Induced Crystallization, 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2.1 Nature of Crystallization Precursors, 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Crystallization during Drawing, 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.1 Spinning, 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3.2 Elongation-Induced Crystallization; Lab Conditions, 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Models of Flow-Induced Crystallization, 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.1 Flow-Enhanced Nucleation, 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.2 Flow-Induced Shish Formation, 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4.3 Application to Injection Molding, 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Concluding Remarks, 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Crystallization in Processing Conditions 433\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJean-Marc Haudin\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction, 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 General Effects of Processing Conditions on Crystallization, 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Effects of Flow, 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Effects of Pressure, 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.3 Effects of Cooling Rate, 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.4 Effects of a Temperature Gradient, 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.5 Effects of Surfaces, 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Modeling, 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 General Framework, 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Simplifi ed Expressions, 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.3 General Systems of Differential Equations, 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Crystallization in Some Selected Processes, 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Cast Film Extrusion, 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Fiber Spinning, 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.3 Film Blowing, 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.4 Injection Molding, 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Conclusion, 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences, 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“I believe that this book will stimulate further much deeper investigation and effective collaboration in this field.”  (\u003ci\u003eMaterials Views\u003c\/i\u003e, 3 February 2014)\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDR. EWA PIORKOWSKA,\u003c\/b\u003e is Professor and the Head of the Department of Polymer Structure at the Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland. Her research interests include crystallization, structure and properties of polymers, polymer blends, composites and nanocomposites.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDR. GREGORY C. RUTLEDGE,\u003c\/b\u003e is the Lammot du Pont Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research interests include polymer science and engineering, statistical thermodynamics, molecular simulation, and nanotechnology.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInternational team of experts reviews the latest developments in polymer crystallization\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe complexity of polymer crystallization has posed a long-standing challenge to the scientific community, demanding the development and application of a variety of microscopic, calorimetric, and spectroscopic experimental methods. By building our understanding of polymer crystallization, researchers have helped fuel the advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOffering a comprehensive review of the field, \u003ci\u003eHandbook of Polymer Crystallization\u003c\/i\u003e examines the latest discoveries, helping readers not only understand polymer crystallization, but also take full advantage of the phenomenon in order to design new materials and develop new applications. The book also explores the many problems that can arise during the crystallization process, setting forth tested and proven solutions to achieve desired results.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eHandbook of Polymer Crystallization\u003c\/i\u003e features contributions from an international team of thermoplastic polymer scientists and covers such topics as:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eExperimental techniques for studies of polymer crystallization\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStructure of crystalline polymers, kinetics of nucleation, and growth of the crystalline phase\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eMolecular modeling of polymer crystallization and crystallization kinetics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCrystallization in copolymers, miscible and immiscible polymer blends, and polymer composites\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCrystallization under confinement\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEffect of flow on crystallization\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigures provided throughout the book help illustrate the core principles and mechanisms of polymer crystallization. In addition, references at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature in order to investigate individual topics in greater depth.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExamining the most important developments in polymer crystallization, this book is recommended for all thermoplastic polymers researchers, offering them the foundation needed to make their own discoveries.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989338931429,"sku":"NP9780470380239","price":231.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470380239.jpg?v=1761783728","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/handbook-of-polymer-crystallization-isbn-9780470380239","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}