{"product_id":"green-energetic-materials-isbn-9781119941293","title":"Green Energetic Materials","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis comprehensive book presents a detailed account of research and recent developments in the field of green energetic materials, including pyrotechnics, explosives and propellants. This area is attracting increasing interest in the community as it undergoes a transition from using traditional processes, to more environmentally-friendly procedures. The book covers the entire line of research from the initial theoretical modelling and design of new materials, to the development of sustainable manufacturing processes. It also addresses materials that have already reached the production line, as well as considering future developments in this evolving field.\u003c\/p\u003e  List of Contributors ix  \u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Green Energetic Materials 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTore Brinck\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Green Chemistry and Energetic Materials 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Green Propellants in Civil Space Travel 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Green Oxidizers to Replace Ammonium Perchlorate 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Green Liquid Propellants to Replace Hydrazine 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Electric Propulsion 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Conclusions 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Theoretical Design of Green Energetic Materials: Predicting Stability, Detection, and Synthesis and Performance 15\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eTore Brinck and Martin Rahm\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Computational Methods 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Green Propellant Components 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Trinitramide 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Energetic Anions Rich in Oxygen and Nitrogen 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.3 The Pentazolate Anion and its Oxy-Derivatives 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.4 Tetrahedral N4 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Conclusions 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Some Perspectives on Sensitivity to Initiation of Detonation 45\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003ePeter Politzer and Jane S. Murray\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Energetic Materials and Green Chemistry 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Sensitivity: Some Background 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Sensitivity Relationships 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Sensitivity: Some Relevant Factors 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Amino Substituents 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Layered (Graphite-Like) Crystal Lattice 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Free Space in the Crystal Lattice 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Weak Trigger Bonds 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Molecular Electrostatic Potentials 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Summary 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Advances Toward the Development of “Green” Pyrotechnics\u003c\/b\u003e 63\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eJesse J. Sabatini\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 The Foundation of “Green” Pyrotechnics 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Development of Perchlorate-Free Pyrotechnics 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Perchlorate-Free Illuminating Pyrotechnics 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Perchlorate-Free Simulators 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Removal of Heavy Metals from Pyrotechnic Formulations 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.1 Barium-Free Green-Light Emitting Illuminants 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.2 Barium-Free Incendiary Compositions 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.3 Lead-Free Pyrotechnic Compositions 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4.4 Chromium-Free Pyrotechnic Compositions 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Removal of Chlorinated Organic Compounds from Pyrotechnic Formulations 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5.1 Chlorine-Free Illuminating Compositions 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Environmentally Friendly Smoke Compositions 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Environmentally Friendly Colored Smoke Compositions 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Environmentally Friendly White Smoke Compositions 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Conclusions 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Green Primary Explosives 103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eKarl D. Oyler\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 What is a Primary Explosive? 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 The Case for Green Primary Explosives 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Legacy Primary Explosives 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Green Primary Explosive Candidates 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Inorganic Compounds 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Organic-Based Compounds 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Conclusions 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Energetic Tetrazole N-oxides 133\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eThomas M. Klap€otke and J€org Stierstorfer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Rationale for the Investigation of Tetrazole N-oxides 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Synthetic Strategies for the Formation of Tetrazole N-oxides 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 HOF CH3CN 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Oxone1 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.3 CF3COOH\/H2O2 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.4 Cyclization of Azido-Oximes 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Recent Examples of Energetic Tetrazole N-oxides 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Tetrazole N-oxides 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 Bis(tetrazole-N-oxides) 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 5,50-Azoxytetrazolates 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 Bis(tetrazole)dihydrotetrazine and bis(tetrazole)tetrazine N-oxides 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Conclusion 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Green Propellants Based on Dinitramide Salts: Mastering Stability and Chemical Compatibility Issues 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eMartin Rahm and Tore Brinck\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 The Promises and Problems of Dinitramide Salts 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Understanding Dinitramide Decomposition 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 The Dinitramide Anion 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Dinitraminic Acid 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Dinitramide Salts 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Vibrational Sum-Frequency Spectroscopy of ADN and KDN 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Anomalous Solid-State Decomposition 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Dinitramide Chemistry 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Compatibility and Reactivity of ADN 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Dinitramides in Synthesis 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Dinitramide Stabilization 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Conclusions 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Binder Materials for Green Propellants 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eCarina Elds€ater and Eva Malmstr€om\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Binder Properties 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Inert Polymers for Binders 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Polybutadiene 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Polyethers 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 Polyesters and Polycarbonates 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Energetic Polymers 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Nitrocellulose 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Poly(glycidyl azide) 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane) 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Poly(glycidyl nitrate) 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Poly[3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane] 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Energetic Plasticisers 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Outlook for Design of New Green Binder Systems 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Architecture of the Binder Polymer 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Chemical Composition and Crosslinking Chemistries 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 The Development of Environmentally Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies for Energetic Materials 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eDavid E. Chavez\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Explosives 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Sustainable Manufacturing of Explosives 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Environmentally Friendly Materials for Initiation 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Synthesis of Explosive Precursors 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Pyrotechnics 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Commercial Pyrotechnics Manufacturing 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Military Pyrotechnics 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Propellants 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 The “Green Missile” Program 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Other Rocket Propellant Efforts 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Gun Propellants 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Formulation 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Conclusions 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 254\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations and Acronyms 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Electrochemical Methods for Synthesis of Energetic Materials and Remediation of Waste Water 259\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003ci\u003eLynne Wallace\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Practical Aspects 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Electrosynthesis 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Electrosynthesis of EM and EM Precursors 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Electrosynthesis of Useful Reagents 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Electrochemical Remediation 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Direct Electrolysis 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 Indirect Electrolytic Methods 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Electrokinetic Remediation of Soils 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.4 Electrodialysis 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Current Developments and Future Directions 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProfessor Tore Brinck, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Sweden\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTore Brinck received his Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1993 from the University of New Orleans. He was appointed full Professor of Physical Chemistry at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in 2006. His research has focused on theoretical and experimental characterization of novel high energy materials. He is the author of more than 80 scientific articles.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince the end of the 20th century it has been increasingly realised that the use, or production, of many energetic materials leads to the release of substances which are harmful to both humans and the environment. To address this, the principles of green chemistry can be applied to the design of new products and their manufacturing processes, to create green energetic materials that are virtually free of environmental hazards and toxicity issues during manufacturing, storage, use and disposal. Active research is underway to develop new ingredients and formulations, green synthetic methods and non-polluting manufacturing processes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eGreen Energetic Materials\u003c\/i\u003e provides a detailed account of the most recent research and developments in the field, including green pyrotechnics, explosives and propellants. From theoretical modelling and design of new materials, to the development of sustainable manufacturing processes, this book addresses materials already on the production line, as well as considering future developments in this evolving field.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTopics covered include:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eTheoretical design of green energetic materials\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDevelopment of green pyrotechnics\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eGreen primary and secondary explosives\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOxidisers and binder materials for green propellants\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEnvironmentally sustainable manufacturing technologies for energetic materials\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eElectrochemical methods for synthesis of energetic materials and waste remediation\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eGreen Energetic Materials\u003c\/i\u003e is a valuable resource for academic, industrial and governmental researchers working on the development of energetic materials, for both military and civilian applications.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989311865061,"sku":"NP9781119941293","price":190.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119941293.jpg?v=1761783623","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/green-energetic-materials-isbn-9781119941293","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}