{"product_id":"geology-and-mineralogy-of-gemstones-isbn-9781119299851","title":"Geology and Mineralogy of Gemstones","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnderstanding gemstones in a geological context\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGemstones are colorful treasures of the Earth that have captivated humans for thousands of years. The physical and chemical characteristics of each type of gem provide insights into the geological processes that created them.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eGeology and Mineralogy of Gemstones\u003c\/i\u003e is a textbook aimed at upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. It presents the basic mineralogical and geological knowledge needed to understand gemstones and examines the characteristics and geological origins of different types of gemstone.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolume highlights include:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eConcepts in mineralogy\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStructure and chemical composition of minerals\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eGeological processes that lead to the formation and movement of gemstones\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEquipment and tools used to examine gemstones and their physical properties\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart I Developing Base Knowledge \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Minerals and Mineralogy \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Minerals and Rocks 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 What is a Gemstone? 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Atoms, Elements, and Bonding 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.1 Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.2 Atomic Mass 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.3 Atomic Structure, Electrical Charges, and Ions 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.4 Elements 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.5 Element Groups 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.6 Elemental Abundance in the Earth’s Crust 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.7 Compounds and Mixtures 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3.8 Chemical Bonds 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Physical Properties of Minerals 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Basics of Rocks and Geology \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e13\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Earth System Science 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Earth’s Structure and Plate Tectonics 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 General Rock Types and the Rock Cycle 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Metasomatism and Hydrothermal Fluids 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Geological Structures 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Important Rock Types for Gemstone Deposits 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Weathering, Sedimentation, and Secondary Gem Deposits 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Intermediate Mineralogy \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e29\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Structure and Chemistry of Minerals 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Crystallography and Symmetry 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 Mineral Classes 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Mineral Formulae 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Element Substitutions 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Light 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Reflection and Refraction 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Illumination 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Dispersion 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Optic Class 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.5 Color in Minerals 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.6 Pleochroism 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.7 Transparency 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Concepts of Gemmology and Tools \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e49\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Concepts of Gemmology 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1.1 Gemmological Properties for Testing, Faceting, and Treatments 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Tools 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.1 Collecting and Field Tools 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.2 Gemmological Tools 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2.3 Advanced Tools 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart II Gemstones and Their Origins \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e63\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Diamond \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Basic Qualities of Diamond 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Crystal Structure 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Crystal Chemistry and Type Classification of Diamond 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Diamond Crystal Forms 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Colored Diamonds 74\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Common Diamond Treatments 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Synthetic Diamond 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Geology of Diamond and Kimberlite 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.1 Diamond Growth 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.2 Kimberlite Volcanoes 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5.3 Lamproite 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Global Distribution and Production of Diamond 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 Diamonds from Canada 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8 The 4 Cs 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.1 Cut 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.2 Clarity 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.3 Color 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8.4 Carat 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9 Diamond Shapes 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.10 Diamond Valuation 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11 Kimberley Process: A 5th C? 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Corundum \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e103\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Basic Qualities of Corundum 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Corundum 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Corundum Crystal Forms 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 Colors of Corundum 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Faceted Gem Corundum 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Corundum Valuation 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Corundum Treatments, Synthetics, and Imitations 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Geology of Gem Corundum: Three Main Genetic Models 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Metamorphic Corundum in Silica-Deficient Gneisses, Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks and Marbles 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Xenocrysts in Alkali Basalts and Lamprophyres 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Secondary Accumulation in Placers 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Rarity of Gem Corundum 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Global Distribution and Production of Corundum 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Beryl \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Basic Qualities of Beryl 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Beryl 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Colors of Beryl and Gem Varieties 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Beryl Valuation 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Common Treatments, Synthetics, and Imitations 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Geology of Gem Beryl: Three Main Genetic Models 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.1 Pegmatitic 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.2 Magmatic 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5.3 Metamorphic 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Large Beryl Crystals 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Global Distribution of Beryl 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Pegmatites \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e153\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Pegmatite Mineralogy 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Pegmatite Genesis 154\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Geochemical Families of Pegmatites 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Pegmatite Morphology 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Corrosion 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Rarity of Gem-Bearing Pegmatites 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8 Tourmaline 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Tourmaline 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.2 Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Tourmaline 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.3 Colors and Gem Varieties of Tourmaline 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8.4 Tourmaline Recognition, Value and Treatments 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9 Spodumene 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Spodumene 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.2 Colors and Gem Varieties of Spodumene 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.9.3 Spodumene Recognition, Value, and Treatments 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10 Topaz 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Topaz 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10.2 Geology of Gem Topaz 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10.3 Colors and Gem Varieties of Topaz 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.10.4 Topaz Recognition, Value, and Treatments 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Chrysoberyl \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e185\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Chrysoberyl 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Geology of Gem Chrysoberyl 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Spinel \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e191\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Spinel 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Geology of Gem Spinel 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Tanzanite \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Tanzanite 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Geology of Tanzanite 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 The Garnet Group \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e201\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of the Garnet Group 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Geology of Gem Garnet 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Jade: Jadeite and Nephrite \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e209\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Jade 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Geology of Jade 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Quartz and Silica Gems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e219\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Quartz and Silica Gem Varieties 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Quartz 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Amethyst 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Agate 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Opal 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Other Gems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e231\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Olivine 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Olivine 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1.2 Geology of Gem Peridot 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Turquoise 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Turquoise 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2.2 Geology of Turquoise 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Lapis Lazuli 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Lapis Lazuli 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3.2 Geology of Lapis Lazuli 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Zircon 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Zircon 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4.2 Geology of Gem Zircon 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Organic Gems \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e251\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Amber 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Ammolite 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDavid Turner,\u003c\/b\u003e The University of British Columbia, Canada\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLee A. Groat, \u003c\/b\u003eThe University of British Columbia, Canada  \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eADVANCED TEXTBOOK SERIES\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGeology and Mineralogy of Gemstones\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGemstones are colorful treasures of the Earth that have captivated humans for thousands of years. The physical and chemical characteristics of each type of gem provide insights into the geological processes that created them. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eGeology and Mineralogy of Gemstones \u003c\/i\u003eis a textbook aimed at upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. It presents the basic mineralogical and geological knowledge needed to understand gemstones and examines the characteristics and geological origins of different types of gemstone. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVolume highlights include:\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConcepts in mineralogy\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStructure and chemical composition of minerals\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eGeological processes that lead to the formation and movement of gemstones\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eEquipment and tools used to examine gemstones and their physical properties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"American Geophysical Union","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989282767077,"sku":"NP9781119299851","price":87.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119299851.jpg?v=1761783508","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/geology-and-mineralogy-of-gemstones-isbn-9781119299851","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}