{"product_id":"fast-charging-infrastructure-for-electric-and-hybrid-electric-vehicles-isbn-9781119987741","title":"Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles","description":"\u003cb\u003eFast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComprehensive resource describing fast-charging infrastructure in electric vehicles, including various subsystems involved in the power system architecture needed for fast-charging\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eFast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles\u003c\/i\u003e presents various aspects of fast-charging infrastructure, including the location of fast-charging stations, revenue models and tariff structures, power electronic converters, power quality problems such as harmonics \u0026amp; supraharmonics, energy storage systems, and wireless-charging, electrical distribution infrastructures and planning. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book serves as a guide to learn recent advanced technologies with examples and case studies. It also considers problems that arise, and the mitigation methods involved, in fast-charging stations in global aspects and provides tools for analysis. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample topics covered in \u003ci\u003eFast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles\u003c\/i\u003e include: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelection of fast-charging stations, advanced power electronic converter topologies for EV fast-charging, wireless charging for plug-in HEV\/EVs, and batteries for fast-charging infrastructure\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStandards for fast-charging infrastructure and power quality issues (analysis of harmonic injection and system resonance conditions due to large-scale penetration of EVs and supraharmonic injection)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor professionals in electric vehicle technology, along with graduate and senior undergraduates, professors, and researchers in related fields, \u003ci\u003eFast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles\u003c\/i\u003e is a useful, comprehensive, and accessible guide to gain an overview of the current state of the art. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout the Authors xiv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xvi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction to Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Infrastructure 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Introduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Fast-Charging Station 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Power Grid or Grid Power Supply 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.2 Power Cables 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.3 Switchgears 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.4 Distribution Transformer 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.5 Energy Meters and Power Quality Meters 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.6 Fast Chargers 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.7 Plugs and Connectors 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.7.1 CCS Combo 1 Connector 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.7.2 CHAdeMO Connector 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.7.3 Tesla Connectors 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Fast-Charging Station Using Renewable Power Sources (RES) 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Digital Communication for Fast-Charging Station 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Requirements for Fast-Charging Station 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Case Study: Public Fast-Charging Station in India 20\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Conclusion 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnnexure 1 Photos 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Selection of Fast-Charging Station 31\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Business Model for Fast-Charging Stations 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Location of Fast-Charging Station 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Electric Supply for Fast Charging 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Availability of Land 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Conclusion 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Business Model and Tariff Structure for Fast-Charging Station 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Business Model 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Integrated Model 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Independent Model 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Selection of Business Model for Fast-Charging Station 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Fast-Charging Infrastructure and Operating Expenses 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Battery Swapping 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Tariff Structure 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Tariff Between Electric Utilities (DISCOMs) and Fast-Charging Stations 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Tariff Between Fast-Charging Stations and EV Users 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Conclusion 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Batteries for Fast-Charging Infrastructure 51\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 C-Rating of the Battery 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Different Types of Chemistries 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.1 Li-Ion Family 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.2 Lead Acid 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.3 Nickel Family 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3.4 Selection of Battery Chemistry 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Batteries Used in EVs in the Market 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Conclusion 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Distribution System Planning 59\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Planning for Power and Energy Demand 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Planning for Distribution System Feeders and Equipment 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Conclusion 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Electric Distribution for Fast-Charging Infrastructure 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Major Components of Fast-Charging Station 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Design of Fast-Charging Station 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Single Point of Failure 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Configuration of Electrical Distribution Considering the Redundancy 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.1 Simple Radial Distribution Scheme for FCS 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.2 Expanded Radial Scheme for FCS 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.3 Primary Selective Scheme for FCS 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.4 Secondary Selective Scheme for FCS 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.5 Primary Loop Scheme for FCS 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.6 Sparing Transformer Configuration for FCS 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2.7 Other Configurations for FCS 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Conclusion 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Energy Storage System for Fast-Charging Stations 111\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Introduction 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Renewables + ESS 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.1 Solar PV System without Battery Energy Storage System – Scheme 1 AC Interconnection 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.2 Solar PV System with Battery Energy Storage System – Scheme 2 AC Interconnection 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2.3 Solar PV System with Battery Energy Storage System – Scheme 3 DC Interconnection 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Microgrid with Renewables + ESS 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.1 Grid-Connected Microgrid for Fast-Charging Stations 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3.2 Standalone Microgrid for Fast-Charging Stations 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 ESS Modes of Operation 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Conclusion 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Surge Protection Device for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Infrastructure 129\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Surge Protection for Fast-Charging Stations 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 Surge Protection for Open Locations 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 Surge Protection for Covered Locations 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Surge Protection for Underground Locations 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Conclusion 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Power Quality Problems Associated with Fast-Charging Stations 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Introduction to Power Quality 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Power Quality Problems Due to Fast-Charging Stations 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Impact of Poor Power Quality of Distribution Grid on Fast-Charging Station Loads 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Impact of Poor Power Quality from the Fast-Charging Station Loads on the Distribution Grid 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Analysis of Harmonic Injection into the Distribution System 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Hand Calculation or Manual Calculation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Conducting Field Measurements at the Site 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.3 Model Calibration 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.4 Computer Simulation 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Analysis of System Resonance Condition 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Analysis of Supra-Harmonics 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Case Study: Harmonic Measurement of 30 kW DC Fast Charger 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Conclusion 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Standards for Fast-Charging Infrastructure 163\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 IEC Standards 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 IEC 61851 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 IEC 61980 Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer Systems 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.3 IEC 62196 Plugs, Socket-Outlets, Vehicle Connectors, and Vehicle Inlets – Conductive Charging of Electric Vehicles 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.4 IEC TR 62933-2-200 Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems – Part 2-200: Unit Parameters and Testing Methods – Case Study of EES Systems Located in EV Charging Station with PV 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.5 IEC 62893 Charging Cables for Electric Vehicles for Rated Voltages up to and Including 0.6\/1 kV 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.6 IEC 60364-7-722 Low-Voltage Electrical Installations – Part 7-722: Requirements for Special Installations or Locations – Supplies for Electric Vehicles 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 IEEE Standards 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 IEEE Std 2030.1.1-2021 IEEE Standard for Technical Specifications for a DC Quick and Bidirectional Charger for Use with Electric Vehicles 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 IEEE Std 2836-2021 IEEE Recommended Practice for Performance Testing of Electrical Energy Storage (ESS) System in Electric Charging Stations in Combination with Photovoltaic (PV) 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 SAE Standards 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 SAE J1772 SAE Electric Vehicle and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 SAE J2894-1 2019 Power Quality Requirements for Plug-In Electric Vehicle Chargers 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 ISO 17409 Electrically Propelled Road Vehicles – Connection to an External Electric Power Supply – Safety Requirements 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 CEA Technical Standards in India 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.1 Technical Standards for Connectivity of the Distributed Generation Resources – February 2019 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6.2 Technical Standards for Measures Relating to Safety and Electric Supply – June 2019 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 BS 7671-2018 Requirements for Electrical Installations 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.8 Conclusion 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Fast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles: Today’s Situation and Future Needs 181\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Batteries 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.1 Voltage 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.2 Improvements in Battery Chemistry 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1.3 Standardization of Battery Ratings (Capacity, Voltage, and Dimensions) for Enabling Battery Swapping 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Distributed Energy Storage System and Grid-Friendly Charging 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Ultrafast Chargers 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Interoperable Features 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Charging the Vehicle While Driving (Wireless Charging) 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Conclusion 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 A Review of the Improved Structure of an Electric Vehicle Battery Fast Charger 189\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMohammad Zand, Mostafa Azimi Nasab, Samaneh Rastgoo, and Morteza Azimi Nasab\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Types of Battery Charging 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.1 Li-Ion Battery Charger Algorithm 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.2 Constant Voltage–Current Charging Method 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.3 Constant Current Multilevel Charging Method 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.4 Method of Incremental Charging 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.5 Pulse Charging Method 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.6 Sinusoidal Pulse Charging Algorithm 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.7 Using a Different Frequency Pulse Charging Method (VFPCS) 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.8 Pulse Voltage Charging Method with Different Pulse Widths (DVVPCS) 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.9 An Overview of Lithium-Ion Batteries 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.10 Performance Comparison with Other Batteries 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.11 Lithium-Ion Battery Control System (BMS) 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.12 Cell Control 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.13 Checking Input and Output Current and Voltage 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.14 Battery Charge and Discharge Control 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.15 State Estimation 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.16 State of Charge 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.17 State of Health (SoH) 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.18 Mode of Operation (SoF) 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2.19 Battery Protection 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Temperature and Heat Control 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3.1 Examining the Charger Structure 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Bidirectional AC–DC Converters 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Unidirectional AC–DC Converters 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Unidirectional Isolated DC–DC Converters 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Bidirectional Isolated DC–DC Converters 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 High-Frequency Transformers 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 High-Frequency Transformer Design 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Core Geometry Method 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Core Losses 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Examine Some of the Charger Examples Provided in the References 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Conclusion 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 221 \u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSivaraman Palanisamy\u003c\/b\u003e is a Program Manager for EV Charging Infrastructure at WRI India. He is an IEEE Senior Member and a member of CIGRE. He is a co-editor of the Wiley title \u003ci\u003eMicrogrid Technologies\u003c\/i\u003e (2021) and a co-author of \u003ci\u003eBasic Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering\u003c\/i\u003e (2020). \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSharmeela Chenniappan, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e holds the post of Professor in the Department of EEE, CEG campus, at Anna University, Chennai, India. She is an IEEE Senior Member, a Life Member of CBIP, a Life Member of the Institution of Engineers (India), ISTE, and SSI. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSanjeevikumar Padmanaban, PhD,\u003c\/b\u003e is a Faculty Member with the Department of Electrical Engineering, IT and Cybernetics at the University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway. He is a co-editor on multiple Wiley titles.   \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComprehensive resource describing fast-charging infrastructure in electric vehicles, including various subsystems involved in the power system architecture needed for fast-charging\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eFast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles\u003c\/i\u003e presents various aspects of fast-charging infrastructure, including the location of fast-charging stations, revenue models and tariff structures, power electronic converters, power quality problems such as harmonics \u0026amp; supraharmonics, energy storage systems, and wireless-charging, electrical distribution infrastructures and planning. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book serves as a guide to learn recent advanced technologies with examples and case studies. It also considers problems that arise, and the mitigation methods involved, in fast-charging stations in global aspects and provides tools for analysis. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample topics covered in \u003ci\u003eFast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles\u003c\/i\u003e include: \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSelection of fast-charging stations, advanced power electronic converter topologies for EV fast-charging, wireless charging for plug-in HEV\/EVs, and batteries for fast-charging infrastructure\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStandards for fast-charging infrastructure and power quality issues (analysis of harmonic injection and system resonance conditions due to large-scale penetration of EVs and supraharmonic injection)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor professionals in electric vehicle technology, along with graduate and senior undergraduates, professors, and researchers in related fields, \u003ci\u003eFast-Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles\u003c\/i\u003e is a useful, comprehensive, and accessible guide to gain an overview of the current state of the art.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley-IEEE Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989198684389,"sku":"NP9781119987741","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119987741.jpg?v=1761783175","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/fast-charging-infrastructure-for-electric-and-hybrid-electric-vehicles-isbn-9781119987741","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}