{"product_id":"experiment-isbn-9780470688250","title":"Experiment!","description":"\u003cp\u003eExperiments are the most effective way to learn about the world. By cleverly interfering with something to see how it reacts we are able to find out how it works. In contrast to passive observation, experimenting provides us with data relevant to our research and thus less time and effort is spent separating relevant from irrelevant information. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe art of experimentation is often learnt by doing, so an intuitive understanding of the experimental method usually evolves gradually through years of trial and error. This book speeds up the journey for the reader to becoming a proficient experimenter. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganized in two parts, this unique text begins by providing a general introduction to the scientific approach to experimentation.  It then describes the processes and tools required, including the relevant statistical and experimental methods.   Towards the end of the book a methodology is presented, which leads the reader through the three phases of an experiment: ‘Planning’, ‘Data Collection’, and ‘Analysis and Synthesis’.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Experiment!\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides an excellent introduction to the methodology and implementation of experimentation in the natural, engineering and medical sciences\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePuts practical tools into scientific context\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFeatures a number of selected actual experiments to explore what are the key characteristics of good experiments\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes examples and exercises in every chapter \u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book focuses on general research skills, such as adopting a scientific mindset, learning how to plan meaningful experiments and understanding the fundamentals of collecting and interpreting data. It is directed to anyone engaged in experiments, especially Ph.D. and masters students just starting to create and develop their own experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart One Understanding the World\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 You, the Discoverer 3\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 Venturing into the Unknown 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 Embarking on a PhD 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 The Art of Discovery 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 About this Book 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 How to Use this Book 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 What is Science? 11\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 Characteristics of the Scientific Approach 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 The Inductive Method 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 The Hypothetico-Deductive Method 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 Consequences of Falsification 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 The Role of Confirmation 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 Perception is Personal 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 The Scientific Community 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 Summary 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Science’s Childhood 33\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31 Infancy 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 Ionian Dawn 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 Divine Mathematics 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 Adolescence – Revolution! 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 The Children of the Revolution 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 Summary 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Science Inclined to Experiment 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 Galileo’s Important Experiment 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 Experiment or Hoax? 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e43 Reconstructing the Experiment 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 Getting the Swing of Things 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 The Message from the Plane 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 Summary 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Scientists, Engineers and Other Poets 65\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e51 Research and Development 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 Characteristics of Research 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e53 Building Theories 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 The Relationship between Theory and Reality 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 Creativity 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e56 Summary 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePart Two Interfering with the World\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Experiment! 83\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e61 What is an Experiment? 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e62 Questions, Answers and Experiments 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 A Gallery of Experiments 88\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e64 Reflections on the Exhibition 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 Summary 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Basic Statistics 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e71 The Role of Statistics in Data Analysis 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e72 Populations and Samples 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e73 Descriptive Statistics 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e74 Probability Distribution 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e75 The Central Limit Effect 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e76 Normal Probability Plots 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e77 Confidence Intervals 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e78 The t-Distribution 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e79 Summary 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 138\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Statistics for Experiments 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e81 A Teatime Experiment 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e82 The Importance of Randomization 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e83 One-Sided and Two-Sided Tests 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 The t-Test for One Sample 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 The Power of a Test 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e86 Comparing Two Samples 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e87 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e88 A Measurement System Analysis 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e89 Other Useful Hypothesis Tests 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e810 Interpreting p-Values 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e811 Correlation 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e812 Regression Modeling 167\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e813 Summary 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Experimental Design 175\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e91 Statistics and the Scientific Method 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 Designs with One Categorical Factor 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e93 Several Categorical Factors: the Full Factorial Design 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e94 Are Interactions Important? 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e95 Factor Screening: Fractional Factorial Designs 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e96 Determining the Confounding Pattern 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e97 Design Resolution 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e98 Working with Screening Designs 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e99 Continuous Factors: Regression and Response Surface Methods 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e910 Summary 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Phase I: Planning 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e101 The Three Phases of Research 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e102 Experiment 1: Visual Orientation in a Beetle 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e103 Experiment 2: Lift-Off Length in a Diesel Engine 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e104 Finding Out What is Not Known 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e105 Determining the Scope 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e106 Tools for Generating Hypotheses 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e107 Thought Experiments 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e108 Planning Checklist 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e109 Summary 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Phase II: Data Collection 235\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e111 Generating Understanding from Data 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e112 Measurement Uncertainty 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e113 Developing a Measurement System 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e114 Measurement System Analysis 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e115 The Data Collection Plan 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e116 Summary 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Phase III: Analysis and Synthesis 253\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e121 Turning Data into Information 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e122 Graphical Analysis 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e123 Mathematical Analysis 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e124 Writing a Scientific Paper 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e125 Writing a PhD Thesis 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e126 Farewell 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e127 Summary 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Normal Probabilities 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProbability Points for the t-Distribution 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\"This description of the history of the scientific method and the struggle to establish a stable experimental method and framework firmly sets the foundations for the beginning of the book – Understanding the world – and is so rich in content that it could easily form a great book all by itself.\"  \u003cbr\u003e(\u003ci\u003eChemistry World\u003c\/i\u003e, 1 June 2013)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Provides an excellent introduction to the methodology and implementation of experimentation in the natural, engineering and medical sciences.” \u003cbr\u003e(\u003ci\u003eChemistry Views\u003c\/i\u003e, 20 July 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“I highly recommend the very practical and research skills focused book http:\/\/www.wiley.com\/WileyCDA\/WileyTitle\/productCd-0470688254.html\"\u003cbr\u003eExperiment!: Planning, Implementing and Interpreting by Oivind Andersson to students from the undergraduate to the doctoral levels, instructors and educators in sciences, practitioners of science in industry and government, and anyone interested in how science works through the scientific method and experimentation. This book is an indispensable guide to planning, designing, conducting, data collecting, and analyzing and synthesizing the results.” \u003cbr\u003e(\u003ci\u003eBlog Business World\u003c\/i\u003e, 21 October 2012)\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDr Öivind Andersson\u003c\/b\u003e is Assistant Professor in the Department of Energy Sciences at Lund Universitytransparent engines and works with optical measurements in transparent engines. His responsibilities include supervision of several Ph.D. students thus providing opportunities to reflect on how to develop their abilities as experimenters and he has developed and taught a faculty-common Ph.D. course on experimental methodology that partly forms the basis for the proposed book.\u003cbr\u003eBefore joining Lund University he worked for seven years for the Volvo Car Corporation, both with optical and traditional engine experiments and his duties varied from product development to research tasks. He monitored several of the company's research projects at universities, and was often engaged in discussions about how the outcome of the efforts invested in their experiments could be improved.\u003cbr\u003eIn 2006 he received the Henry Ford European Technical Achievement Award, for development of a \"Low Temperature Concept for Low Emission Diesel Engines\", with L. Jacobsson, J. Somhorst, and A. Lööf. He has authored and co-authored 20 scientific publications.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003eExperiments are the most effective way to learn about the world. By cleverly interfering with something to see how it reacts we are able to find out how it works. In contrast to passive observation, experimenting provides us with data relevant to our research and thus less time and effort is spent separating relevant from irrelevant information. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe art of experimentation is often learnt by doing, so an intuitive understanding of the experimental method usually evolves gradually through years of trial and error. The aim of this book is to speed up the journey for the reader to becoming a proficient experimenter. \u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganized in two parts, this unique text begins by providing a general introduction to the scientific approach to experimentation.  It then describes the processes and tools required, including the relevant statistical and experimental methods.   Towards the end of the book a methodology is presented, which leads the reader through the three phases of an experiment: ‘Planning’, ‘Data Collection’, and ‘Analysis and Synthesis’.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Experiment!\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eProvides an excellent introduction to the methodology and implementation of experimentation in the natural, engineering and medical sciences\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003ePuts practical tools into scientific context\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eFeatures a number of selected actual experiments to explore what are the key characteristics of good experiments\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIncludes examples and exercises in every chapter \u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis book focuses on general research skills, such as adopting a scientific mindset, learning how to plan meaningful experiments and understanding the fundamentals of collecting and interpreting data. It is directed to anyone engaged in experiments, especially Ph.D. and masters students just starting to create and develop their own experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989185577189,"sku":"NP9780470688250","price":50.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9780470688250.jpg?v=1761783131","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/experiment-isbn-9780470688250","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}