{"product_id":"essentials-of-cognitive-neuroscience-isbn-9781119674153","title":"Essentials of Cognitive Neuroscience","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eEssentials of Cognitive Neuroscience\u003c\/i\u003e introduces and explicates key principles and concepts in cognitive neuroscience in such a way that the reader will be equipped to critically evaluate the ever-growing body of findings that the field is generating. For some students this knowledge will be needed for subsequent formal study, and for all readers it will be needed to evaluate and interpret reports about cognitive neuroscience research that make their way daily into the news media and popular culture. The book seeks to do so in a style that will give the student a sense of what it's like to be a cognitive neuroscientist: when confronted with a problem, how does one proceed? How does one read and interpret research that's outside of one's sub-area of specialization? How do two scientists advancing mutually incompatible models interrelate? Most importantly, what does it feel like to partake in the wonder and excitement of this most dynamic and fundamental of sciences?\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWalkthrough of Pedagogical Features xxi\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompanion Website xxii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection I: The Neurobiology of Thinking 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction and History 4\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Brief (and Selective) History 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstruct validity in models of cognition 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocalization of function vs. mass action 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe first scientifically rigorous demonstrations of localization of function 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is a Brain and What Does It Do? 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLooking Ahead to the Development of Cognitive Neuroscience 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 The Brain 16\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePep Talk 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGross Anatomy 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cerebral cortex 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Neuron 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrical and chemical properties of the neuron 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOscillatory Fluctuations in the Membrane Potential 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurons are never truly “at rest” 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOscillatory synchrony 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplicated, and Complex 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Methods for Cognitive Neuroscience 34\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavior, Structure, Function, and Models 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBehavior 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropsychology, neurophysiology, and the limits of inference 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent kinds of neuropsychology address different kinds of questions 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow does behavior relate to mental functions? 38\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods for lesioning targeted areas of the brain 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNonlocalized trauma 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranscranial Neurostimulation 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe importance of specificity (again) 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranscranial magnetic stimulation 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnatomy and Cellular Physiology 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTechniques that exploit the cell biology of the neuron 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrophysiology 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvasive recording with microelectrodes: action potentials and local field potentials 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrocorticography 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectroencephalography 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetoencephalography 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvasive Neurostimulation 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrical microstimulation 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptogenetics 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of Time-Varying Signals 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvent-related analyses 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetic Resonance Imaging 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysics and engineering bases 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMRI methods for in vivo anatomical imaging 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional magnetic resonance imaging 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional connectivity 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResting state functional correlations 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTomography 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eX-ray computed tomography 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositron emission tomography 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNear-Infrared Spectroscopy 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSome Considerations For Experimental Design 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputational Models and Analytic Approaches 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeural network modeling 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNetwork science and graph theory 82\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection II: Sensation, Perception, Attention, and Action 87\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Sensation and Perception of Visual Signals 90\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Dominant Sense in Primates 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganization of the Visual System 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe visual field 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe retina and the LGN of the thalamus 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe retinotopic organization of primary visual cortex 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe receptive field 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation Processing in Primary Visual Cortex – Bottom-Up Feature Detection 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe V1 neuron as feature detector 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColumns, hypercolumns, and pinwheels 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation Processing in Primary Visual Cortex – Interactivity 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeedforward and feedback projections of V1 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe relation between visual processing and the brain’s physiological state 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere Does \u003ci\u003eSensation \u003c\/i\u003eEnd? Where Does \u003ci\u003ePerception \u003c\/i\u003eBegin? 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Audition and Somatosensation 109\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApologia 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAudition 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuditory sensation 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuditory perception 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdieu to audition 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSomatosensation 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransduction of mechanical and thermal energy, and of pain 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSomatotopy 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSomatosensory plasticity 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhantom limbs and phantom pain 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProprioception 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdieu to sensation 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 The Visual System 134\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamiliar Principles and Processes, Applied to Higher-Level Representations 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo Parallel Pathways 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA diversity of projections from V1 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA functional dissociation of visual perception of what an object is vs. where it is located 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterconnectedness within and between the two pathways 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Organization and Functions of the Ventral Visual Processing Stream 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHand cells, face cells, and grandmother cells 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBroader implications of visual properties of temporal cortex neurons 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA hierarchy of stimulus representation 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObject-based (viewpoint-independent) vs. image-based (viewpoint-dependent) representation in IT 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA critical role for feedback in the ventral visual processing stream 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking Stock 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 160\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Spatial Cognition and Attention 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnilateral Neglect: A Fertile Source of Models of Spatial Cognition and Attention 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnilateral neglect: a clinicoanatomical primer 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypotheses arising from clinical observations of neglect 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Functional Anatomy of the Dorsal Stream 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoordinate transformations to guide action with perception 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Parietal \u003ci\u003eSpace \u003c\/i\u003eto Medial-Temporal \u003ci\u003ePlace \u003c\/i\u003e172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlace cells in the hippocampus 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow does place come to be represented in the hippocampus? 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Neurophysiology of Sensory Attention 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA day at the circus 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttending to locations vs. attending to objects 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanisms of spatial attention 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of attention on neuronal activity 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTurning Our Attention to the Future 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Skeletomotor Control 188\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Organization of the Motor System 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe anatomy of the motor system 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe corticospinal tract 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cortico-cerebellar circuit 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctional Principles of Motor Control 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe biomechanics of motor control 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotor cortex 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe neurophysiology of movement 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotor Control Outside of Motor Cortex 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParietal cortex: guiding how we move 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA neurological dissociation between perceiving objects and acting on them 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCerebellum: motor learning, balance, . . . and mental representation? 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynaptic plasticity 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasal ganglia 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCognitive Functions of the Motor System 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMirror neurons 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHolding a mirror up to nature? 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt’s All About Action 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Oculomotor Control and the Control of Attention 218\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttention and Action 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhys and Hows of Eye Movements 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree categories of eye movements 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Organization of the Oculomotor System 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn overview of the circuitry 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe superior colliculus 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe posterior system 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe frontal eye field 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe supplementary eye field 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Control of Eye Movements, and of Attention, In Humans 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman oculomotor control 224\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman attentional control 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Control of Attention via the Oculomotor System 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovert attention 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere’s the attentional controller? 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAre Oculomotor Control and Attentional Control Really the “Same Thing”? 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe “method of visual inspection” 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Prioritized maps of space in human frontoparietal cortex” 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf Labels and Mechanisms 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection III: Mental Representation 241\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Visual Object Recognition and Knowledge 243\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual Agnosia 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApperceptive agnosia 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssociative agnosia 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputational Models of Visual Object Recognition 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo neuropsychological traditions 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cognitive neuroscience revolution in visual cognition 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory Specificity in the Ventral Stream? 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAre faces special? 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerceptual expertise 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvidence for a high degree of specificity for many categories in ventral occipitotemporal cortex 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvidence for highly distributed category representation in ventral occipitotemporal cortex 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemonstrating necessity 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe code for facial identity in the primate brain (!?!) 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisual Perception as Predictive Coding 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlaying 20 Questions With the Brain 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Neural Bases of Memory 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlasticity, Learning, and Memory 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Case of H.M. 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBilateral medial temporal lobectomy 269\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHippocampus vs. MTL? 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssociation Through Synaptic Modification 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-term potentiation 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe necessity of NMDA channels for LTM formation 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Might the Hippocampus Work? 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFast-encoding hippocampus vs. slow-encoding cortex 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpisodic memory for sequences 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpisodic memory as an evolutionary elaboration of navigational processing 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Are the Cognitive Functions of the Hippocampus? 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard anatomical model 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenges to the standard anatomical model 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsolidation 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReconsolidation 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo Consolidate 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Declarative Long-Term Memory 291\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe \u003ci\u003eCognitive \u003c\/i\u003eNeuroscience of LTM 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncoding 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroimaging the hippocampus 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncidental encoding into LTM during a short-term memory task 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hippocampus in Spatial Memory Experts 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetrieval 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetrieval without awareness 300\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDocumenting contextual reinstatement in the brain 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamiliarity vs. recollection 303\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Semantic Long-Term Memory 310\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge in the Brain 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinitions and Basic Facts 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory-Specific Deficits Following Brain Damage 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnimacy, or function? 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA PDP model of modality specificity 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe domain-specific knowledge hypothesis 314\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow definitive is a single case study? A double dissociation? 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Neuroimaging of Knowledge 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe meaning, and processing, of words 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn aside about the role of language in semantics and the study of semantics 316\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePET scanning of object knowledge 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge retrieval or lexical access? 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRepetition effects and fMRI adaptation 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Loss of Knowledge 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary Progressive Aphasia \u003ci\u003eor \u003c\/i\u003eSemantic Dementia, Nonverbal deficits in fluent primary progressive aphasia? 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe locus of damage in fluent primary progressive aphasia? 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistal effects of neurodegeneration 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntente cordiale 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNuance and Challenges 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 326\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 328\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Working Memory 330\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e“Prolonged Perception” Or “Activated LTM?” 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinitions 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorking Memory and the PFC? The Roots of a Long and Fraught Association 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly focus on role of PFC in the control of STM 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle-unit delay-period activity in PFC and thalamus 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorking Memory Capacity and Contralateral Delay Activity 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe electrophysiology of visual working memory capacity 343\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNovel Insights From Multivariate Data Analysis 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe tradition of univariate analyses 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMVPA of fMRI 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetrospective MVPA of single-unit extracellular recordings 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eActivity? Who Needs Activity? 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFour-Score and a Handful of Years (and Counting) 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSection IV: High-Level Cognition 363\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Cognitive Control 365\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Lateral Frontal-Lobe Syndrome 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental-dependency syndrome 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerseveration 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrophysiology of the frontal-lobe syndrome 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegration? 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModels of Cognitive Control 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopmental cognitive neuroscience 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneralizing beyond development 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat makes the PFC special? 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfluence of the DA reward signal on the functions of PFC 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeural Activity Relating to Cognitive Control 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eError monitoring 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGoing Meta 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere is the controller? 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Decision Making 392\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBetween Perception and Action 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerceptual Decision Making 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJudging the direction of motion 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLIP 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModeling perceptual decision making 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControversy and complications 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerceptual decision making in humans 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eValue-Based Decision Making 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe influence of expected value on activity in LIP 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommon currency in the omPFC 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHas neuroeconomics taught us anything about the economics of decision making? 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForaging 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoys being boys 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeer pressure 411\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNext Stop 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Social Behavior 415\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrustworthiness: A Preamble 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDelaying gratification: a social influence on a “frontal” class of behaviors 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Role of vmPFC in the Control of Social Cognition 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhineas Gage 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContemporary behavioral neurology 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheory of Mind 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ToM network 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe temporoparietal junction (TPJ) 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFalse beliefs (?) about Rebecca Saxe’s mind 425\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA final assessment of the role of RTPJ in ToM mentalization 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eObservational Learning 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredicting the outcome of someone else’s actions 430\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrustworthiness, Revisited 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Emotion 438\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is an Emotion? 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eApproach\/withdrawal 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom “feeling words” to neural systems 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the nexus of perception and social cognition 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrustworthiness Revisited – Again 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA role for the amygdala in the processing of trustworthiness 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImplicit information processing by the amygdala 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Amygdala 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKlüver–Bucy syndrome 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePavlovian fear conditioning 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional content in declarative memories 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe amygdala’s influence on other brain systems 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Control of Emotions 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtinction 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Does That Make You Feel? 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Language 460\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA System of Remarkable Complexity 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWernicke–Lichtheim: The Classical Core Language Network 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aphasias 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe functional relevance of the connectivity of the network 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpeech Perception 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSegregation of the speech signal 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDual routes for speech processing 468\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrammar 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetics 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRules in the brain? 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBroca’s area 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe electrophysiology of grammar 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpeech Production 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA psycholinguistic model of production 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForward models for the control of production 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrediction 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegration 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Consciousness 485\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Themes 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Most Complex Object in the Universe 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferent Approaches to the Problem 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Physiology of Consciousness 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurological syndromes 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSleep 492\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnesthesia 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary across physiological studies 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrain Functions Supporting Conscious Perception 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAre we conscious of activity in early sensory cortex? 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManipulating extrinsic factors to study conscious vs. unconscious vision 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAre Attention and Awareness the Same Thing? 501\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheories of Consciousness 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Workspace Theory 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecurrent Processing Theory 505\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated Information Theory 506\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpdating the Consciousness Graph 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnd-of-Chapter Questions 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 509\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Sources Used 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther Reading 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary G-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex I-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBradley R. Postle \u003c\/b\u003eis Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He has taught cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and systems neuroscience at the undergraduate and graduate level for two decades. He has published over 100 scientific journal articles and chapters on the cognitive neuroscience of memory. He is Associate Editor of the \u003ci\u003eJournal of Cognitive Neuroscience\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eeNeuro\u003c\/i\u003e, and has previously served in this capacity at the journals \u003ci\u003eNeuroImage\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eCortex\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989159690469,"sku":"NP9781119674153","price":102.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119674153.jpg?v=1761783037","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/essentials-of-cognitive-neuroscience-isbn-9781119674153","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}