{"product_id":"enzymatic-fuel-cells-isbn-9781118369234","title":"Enzymatic Fuel Cells","description":"\u003cp\u003eSummarizes research encompassing all of the aspects required to understand, fabricate and integrate enzymatic fuel cells\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eContributions span the fields of bio-electrochemistry and biological fuel cell research\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTeaches the reader to optimize fuel cell performance to achieve long-term operation and realize commercial applicability\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIntroduces the reader  to the scientific aspects of bioelectrochemistry including electrical wiring of enzymes and charge transfer in enzyme fuel cell electrodes\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers unique engineering problems of enzyme fuel cells such as design and optimization\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreface xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContributors xvii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introduction 1\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eHeather R. Luckarift, Plamen Atanassov, and Glenn R. Johnson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Electrochemical Evaluation of Enzymatic Fuel Cells and Figures of Merit 4\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShelley D. Minteer, Heather R. Luckarift, and Plamen Atanassov\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Introduction 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Electrochemical Characterization 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Outlook 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Direct Bioelectrocatalysis: Oxygen Reduction for Biological Fuel Cells 12\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eDmitri M. Ivnitski, Plamen Atanassov, and Heather R. Luckarift\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Introduction 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Mechanistic Studies of Intramolecular Electron Transfer 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Achieving DET of MCO by Rational Design 18\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Outlook 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Anodic Catalysts for Oxidation of Carbon-Containing Fuels 33\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRosalba A. Rincón, Carolin Lau, Plamen Atanassov, and Heather R. Luckarift\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Introduction 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Oxidases 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Dehydrogenases 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 PQQ-Dependent Enzymes 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Outlook 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Anodic Bioelectrocatalysis: From Metabolic Pathways to Metabolons 53\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eShuai Xu, Lindsey N. Pelster, Michelle Rasmussen, and Shelley D. Minteer\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Introduction 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Biological Fuels 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Promiscuous Enzymes Versus Multienzyme Cascades Versus Metabolons 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Direct and Mediated Electron Transfer 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Fuels 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Outlook 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Bioelectrocatalysis of Hydrogen Oxidation\/Reduction by Hydrogenases 80\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnne K. Jones, Arnab Dutta, Patrick Kwan, Chelsea L. McIntosh, Souvik Roy, and Sijie Yang\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Introduction 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Hydrogenases 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Biological Fuel Cells Using Hydrogenases: Electrocatalysis 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Electrocatalysis by Functional Mimics of Hydrogenases 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Outlook 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Protein Engineering for Enzymatic Fuel Cells 109\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eElliot Campbell and Scott Banta\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Engineering Enzymes for Catalysis 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Engineering Other Properties of Enzymes 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Enzyme Immobilization and Self-Assembly 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Artificial Metabolons 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Outlook 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Purification and Characterization of Multicopper Oxidases for Enzyme Electrodes 123\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eD. Matthew Eby and Glenn R. Johnson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Introduction 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 General Considerations for MCO Expression and Purification 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 MCO Production and Expression Systems 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 MCO Purification 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Copper Stability and Specific Considerations for MCO Production 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Spectroscopic Monitoring and Characterization of Copper Centers 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Outlook 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Mediated Enzyme Electrodes 146\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eJoshua W. Gallaway\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Introduction 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Fundamentals 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Types of Mediation 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Aspects of Mediator Design I: Mediator Overpotentials 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Aspects of Mediator Design II: Saturated Mediator Kinetics 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Outlook 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Hierarchical Materials Architectures for Enzymatic Fuel Cells 181\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGuinevere Strack and Glenn R. Johnson\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Introduction 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Carbon Nanomaterials and the Construction of the Bio–Nano Interface 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Biotemplating: The Assembly of Nanostructured Biological–Inorganic Materials 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Fabrication of Hierarchically Ordered 3D Materials for Enzyme and Microbial Electrodes 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Incorporating Conductive Polymers into Bioelectrodes for Fuel Cell Applications 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Outlook 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Enzyme Immobilization for Biological Fuel Cell Applications 208\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eLorena Betancor and Heather R. Luckarift\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Introduction 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Immobilization by Physical Methods 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Entrapment as a Pre- and Post-Immobilization Strategy 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Enzyme Immobilization via Chemical Methods 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Orientation Matters 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Outlook 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Interrogating Immobilized Enzymes in Hierarchical Structures 225\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMichael J. Cooney and Heather R. Luckarift\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 225\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Estimating the Bound Active (Redox) Enzyme 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Probing the Distribution of Immobilized Enzyme Within Hierarchical Structures 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Probing the Immediate Chemical Microenvironments of Enzymes in Hierarchical Structures 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Enzyme Aggregation in a Hierarchical Structure 236\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Outlook 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Imaging and Characterization of the Bio–Nano Interface 242\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eKaren E. Farrington, Heather R. Luckarift, D. Matthew Eby, and Kateryna Artyushkova\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Introduction 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Imaging the Bio–Nano Interface 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Characterizing the Bio–Nano Interface 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Interrogating the Bio–Nano Interface 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Outlook 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Biological Fuel Cell Characterization 273\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eRamaraja P. Ramasamy\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Introduction 273\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Theory and Operation 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Ultramicroelectrodes 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Modes of SECM Operation 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 SECM for BFC Anodes 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 SECM for BFC Cathodes 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 Catalyst Screening Using SECM 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 SECM for Membranes 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9 Probing Single Enzyme Molecules Using SECM 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10 Combining SECM with Other Techniques 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.11 Outlook 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 In Situ X-Ray Spectroscopy of Enzymatic Catalysis: Laccase-Catalyzed Oxygen Reduction 304\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eSanjeev Mukerjee, Joseph Ziegelbauer, Thomas M. Arruda, Kateryna Artyushkova, and Plamen Atanassov\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Introduction 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Defining the Enzyme\/Electrode Interface 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Direct Electron Transfer Versus Mediated Electron Transfer 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 The Blue Copper Oxidases 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 In Situ XAS 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Proposed ORR Mechanism 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Outlook 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Enzymatic Fuel Cell Design, Operation, and Application 337\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eVojtech Svoboda and Plamen Atanassov\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Introduction 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 Biobatteries and EFCs 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Components 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Single-Cell Design 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Microfluidic EFC Design 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Stacked Cell Design 348\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7 Bipolar Electrodes 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8 Air\/Oxygen Supply 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9 Fuel Supply 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.10 Storage and Shelf Life 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.11 EFC Operation, Control, and Integration with Other Power Sources 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.12 EFC Control 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.13 Power Conditioning 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.14 Outlook 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Miniature Enzymatic Fuel Cells 361\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eTakeo Miyake and Matsuhiko Nishizawa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Introduction 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.2 Insertion MEFC 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3 Microfluidic MEFC 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4 Flexible Sheet MEFC 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.5 Outlook 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Switchable Electrodes and Biological Fuel Cells 374\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eEvgeny Katz, Vera Bocharova, and Jan Halámek\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1 Introduction 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2 Switchable Electrodes for Bioelectronic Applications 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3 Light-Switchable Modified Electrodes Based on Photoisomerizable Materials 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.4 Magnetoswitchable Electrochemical Reactions Controlled by Magnetic Species Associated with Electrode Interfaces 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5 Modified Electrodes Switchable by Applied Potentials Resulting in Electrochemical Transformations at Functional Interfaces 381\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.6 Chemically\/Biochemically Switchable Electrodes 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.7 Coupling of Switchable Electrodes with Biomolecular Computing Systems 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8 BFCs with Switchable\/Tunable Power Output 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9 Outlook 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Biological Fuel Cells for Biomedical Applications 422\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eMagnus Falk, Sergey Shleev, Claudia W. Narváez Villarrubia, Sofia Babanova, and Plamen Atanassov\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1 Introduction 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2 Definition and Classification of BFCs 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3 Design Aspects of EFCs 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.4 In Vitro and In Vivo BFC Studies 433\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.5 Outlook 440\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Concluding Remarks and Outlook 451\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/b\u003e\u003ci\u003eGlenn R. Johnson, Heather R. Luckarift, and Plamen Atanassov\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1 Introduction 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.2 Primary System Engineering: Design Determinants 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3 Fundamental Advances in Bioelectrocatalysis 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.4 Design Opportunities from EFC Operation 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.5 Fundamental Drivers for EFC Miniaturization 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6 Commercialization of EFCs: Strategies and Opportunities 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcknowledgment 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eList of Abbreviations 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 459\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHEATHER R. LUCKARIFT\u003c\/b\u003e is the Senior Research Scientist for Universal Technology Corporation at the Air Force Civil Engineer Center (formerly the Microbiology \u0026amp; Applied Biochemistry team at the Air Force Research Laboratory). She is the author of over fifty peer-reviewed publications and invited reviews.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePLAMEN ATANASSOV\u003c\/b\u003e is a Professor of Chemical \u0026amp; Nuclear Engineering and the founding director of The University of New Mexico Center for Emerging Energy Technologies. He was the principal investigator on an Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multi-University Research Initiative program: “Fundamentals and Bioengineering of Enzymatic Fuel Cells.” He is the author of more than 220 publications, including twelve reviews.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGLENN R. JOHNSON\u003c\/b\u003e is the Chief Scientist and founder of Hexpoint Technologies and the former principal investigator of the Microbiology \u0026amp; Applied Biochemistry team within the Air Force Research Laboratory. He is the author of over fifty peer-reviewed publications and invited reviews.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA thorough and illuminating look at enzymatic fuel cells and their place in our current and future world\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith their use in biomedical applications and for portable electronics, enzymatic fuel cells offer an alternative power source to meet our world’s increasing energy demands.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutlining the fundamentals, design, optimization, integration, and future trends of enzymatic fuel cells, \u003ci\u003eEnzymatic Fuel Cells: From Fundamentals to Applications\u003c\/i\u003e presents a comprehensive overview of enzymatic fuel cell research—with a special emphasis on methodology, fabrication, integration, and testing of enzymatic fuel cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe book provides introductory reading with a concise scheme of illustrations and:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCovers fundamentals of enzymatic fuel cells as well as their design, optimization, and integration\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIntroduces the reader to the scientific aspects of bioelectrochemistry and the unique engineering problems of enzymatic fuel cells\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOffers an outlook on the practical applications of enzymatic fuel cells such as powering of microdevices, biomedical applications, and in autonomous systems\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDetails future developments and emerging applications of enzymatic fuel cells\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eEnzymatic Fuel Cells\u003c\/i\u003e is an ideal book for readers in the areas of electrochemistry, biochemistry, materials science, biosensors, biotechnology, environmental and chemical engineering, wastewater, and biology.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989148778725,"sku":"NP9781118369234","price":144.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781118369234.jpg?v=1761782993","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/enzymatic-fuel-cells-isbn-9781118369234","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}