{"product_id":"environment-isbn-9781119393481","title":"Environment","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eEnvironment, Tenth Edition \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003ehelps students understand the connection between the core concepts of the Environmental Science and their daily lives. The 10th edition enhanced e-text features a rich, interactive collection of current case studies and in-text examples, which provides students with the tools to understand, apply, and think critically about environmental science. It also provides instructors with powerful tools to assess individual students progresses well as the class as a whole.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Introducing Environmental Science and Sustainability 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Impacts on the Environment 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreasing Human Numbers 2\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment, Environment, and Sustainability 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation, Resources, and the Environment 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Resources 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResource Consumption 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcological Footprint 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe \u003ci\u003eIPAT\u003c\/i\u003e Model 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSustainability 8\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSustainability and the Tragedy of the Commons 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Plans for Sustainable Development 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Science 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarth Systems and Environmental Science 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScience as a Process 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddressing Environmental Problems 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAddressing Environmental Problems 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Science in Practice: Lake Washington 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Environmental Laws, Economics, and Ethics 21\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Brief Environmental History of the United States 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtecting Forests 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstablishing and Protecting National Parks and Monuments 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConservation in the Mid-20th Century 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Environmental Movement of the Late 20th Century 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eU.S. Environmental Legislation 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Policy Since 1970 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEconomics and the Environment 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrategies for Pollution Control 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCritiques of Environmental Economics 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Resources, the Environment, and National Income Accounts 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Ethics, Values, and Worldviews 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Ethics 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Worldviews 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Justice 36\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Ecosystems and Energy 41\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is Ecology? 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Energy of Life 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe First Law of Thermodynamics 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Second Law of Thermodynamics 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Life Without the Sun 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Flow of Energy through Ecosystems 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProducers, Consumers, and Decomposers 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Path of Energy Flow: Who Eats Whom in Ecosystems 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point How Humans Have Affected the Antarctic Food Web 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcological Pyramids 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcosystem Productivity 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Impact on Net Primary Productivity 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Ecosystems and the Physical Environment 57\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Cycling of Materials within Ecosystems 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Carbon Cycle 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Nitrogen Cycle 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Phosphorus Cycle 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Sulfur Cycle 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hydrologic Cycle 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolar Radiation 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperature Changes with Latitude 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperature Changes with the Seasons 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Atmosphere 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLayers of the Atmosphere 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtmospheric Circulation 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Global Ocean 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatterns of Circulation in the Ocean 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical Mixing of Ocean Water 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOcean Interactions with the Atmosphere 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeather and Climate 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrecipitation 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTornadoes 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTropical Cyclones 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Hurricane Katrina 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal Planetary Processes 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarthquakes 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolcanoes 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Ecosystems and Living Organisms 85\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution: How Populations Change Over Time 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNatural Selection 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModern Synthesis 86\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution of Biological Diversity: The Organization of Life 87\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrinciples of Population Ecology 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation Density 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Do Populations Change in Size? 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaximum Population Growth 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Resistance and Carrying Capacity 91\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors that Affect Population Size 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReproductive Strategies 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurvivorship 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetapopulations 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological Communities 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Ecological Niche 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompetition 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymbiosis 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePredation 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeystone Species 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies Richness in a Community 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies Richness, Ecosystem Services, and Community Stability 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Gardens as Ecosystems 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunity Development 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary Succession 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary Succession 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Major Ecosystems of the World 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarth’s Major Biomes 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTundra: Cold Boggy Plains of the Far North 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoreal Forests: Conifer Forests of the North 116\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperate Rain Forests: Lush Temperate Forests 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperate Deciduous Forests: Trees That Shed Their Leaves 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrasslands: Temperate Seas of Grass 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChaparral: Thickets of Evergreen Shrubs and Small Trees 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeserts: Arid Life Zones 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSavanna: Tropical Grasslands 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTropical Rain Forests: Lush Equatorial Forests 122\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVertical Zonation: The Distribution of Vegetation on Mountains 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAquatic Ecosystems 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFreshwater Ecosystems 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point The Everglades 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstuaries: Where Fresh Water and Salt Water Meet 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarine Ecosystems 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Human Health and Environmental Toxicology 140\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Health 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth Issues in Highly Developed Countries 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth Issues in Developing Countries 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmerging and Reemerging Diseases 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfluenza Pandemics Past and Future 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Pollution and Disease 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersistence, Bioaccumulation, and Biological Magnification of Environmental Contaminants 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndocrine Disrupters 147\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetermining Health Effects of Environmental Pollution 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentifying Toxic Substances 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildren and Chemical Exposure 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecision Making and Uncertainty: Assessment of Risks 152\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk Information as a Decision Tool 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcological Risk Assessment 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcological Risk Assessment and Ecotoxicology 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point The Ocean and Human Health 158\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 The Human Population 161\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Science of Demography 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent and Future Population Numbers 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Migration 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographics of Countries 163\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic Stages 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge Structure 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation and Quality of Life 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Coping with AIDS in Africa 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation and Chronic Hunger 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEconomic Effects of Continued Population Growth 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReducing the Total Fertility Rate 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCulture and Fertility 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Social and Economic Status of Women 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Planning Services 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGovernment Policies, Fertility, and Poverty 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina and Mexico: Contrasting Population Growth Measures 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 The Urban Environment 179\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation and Urbanization 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics of the Urban Population 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrbanization Trends 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe City as an Ecosystem 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-Term Study of Urban Ecosystems 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Problems Associated with Urban Areas 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Benefits of Urbanization 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrban Land-Use Planning 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransportation and Urban Development 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuburban Sprawl 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Cities More Sustainable 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Curitiba, Brazil 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Energy Consumption 196\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy Consumption and Policy 196\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy Consumption 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy Efficiency and Conservation 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy Efficiency 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy Conservation 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectricity, Hydrogen, and Energy Storage 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectricity 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrogen and Fuel Cells 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy Storage 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy Policy 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFour Energy Policy Objectives 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClimate Energy Policy and Climate Change 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Fossil Fuels 214\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFossil Fuels 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Fossil Fuels Formed 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFossil Fuels, the Carbon Cycle, and Climate 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoal 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoal Reserves 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoal Mining 217\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSafety Problems Associated with Coal 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Impacts of the Mining Process 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Impacts of Burning Coal 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking Coal a Cleaner Fuel 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoal and Carbon Dioxide Emissions 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOil and Natural Gas Extraction and Consumption 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources and Uses of Oil and Natural Gas Resources 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOil and Natural Gas Extraction and Consumption 223\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Impacts of Oil and Natural Gas 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeepwater Horizon Oil Spill 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExxon Valdez Oil Spill 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynfuels and Other Potential Fossil-Fuel Resources 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Impacts of Synfuels 231\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Renewable Energy and Nuclear Power 234\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect Solar Energy 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeating Buildings and Water 235\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolar Thermal Electricity Generation 237\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotovoltaics 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndirect Solar Energy 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnergy From Biomass 239\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWind Energy 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydropower 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point The Three Gorges Dam 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Uses of Indirect Solar Energy 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Renewable Energy Sources 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeothermal Energy 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTidal Energy 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNuclear Energy 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePros and Cons of Nuclear Energy 247\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNuclear Power Plant Safety and Radioactive Waste 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Yucca Mountain 251\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Water: A Limited Resource 255\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Importance of Water 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of Water 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Hydrologic Cycle and Our Supply of Fresh Water 256\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Use and Resource Problems 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToo Much Water 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Flood Control on the Mississippi River 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToo Little Water 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Problems in the United States and Canada 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface Water 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroundwater 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Water Problems 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater and Climate Change 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrinking-Water Problems 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation Growth and Water Problems 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSharing Water Resources Among Countries 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Management 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProviding a Sustainable Water Supply 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Conservation 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReducing Agricultural Water Waste 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReducing Industrial Water Waste 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReducing Municipal Water Waste 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Soil Resources 280\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Soil System 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eState Factors: Soil-Forming Factors 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Composition 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Horizons 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Organisms 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient Cycling 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Properties and Major Soil Types 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Acidity 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMajor Soil Groups 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Problems Related to Soil 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Erosion 288\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point The American Dust Bowl 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient Mineral Depletion 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Salinization 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesertification 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Conservation and Regeneration 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConservation Tillage 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrop Rotation 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContour Plowing, Strip Cropping, and Terracing 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreserving Soil Fertility 293\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Reclamation 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgroforestry 295\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil Conservation Policies in the United States 296\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Mineral Resources 299\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Minerals 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral Distribution and Formation 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Minerals are Found, Extracted, and Processed 301\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Impacts Associated with Minerals 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMining and the Environment 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Impacts of Refining Minerals 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Copper Basin, Tennessee 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestoration of Mining Lands 307\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinerals: An International Perspective 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorldwide Mineral Production and Consumption 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral Distribution Versus Consumption 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluating Our Mineral Supplies 309\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreasing the Supply of Minerals 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocating and Mining New Deposits 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinerals in Antarctica 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinerals from the Ocean 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvanced Mining and Processing Technologies 311\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing Substitution and Conservation to Expand Mineral Supplies 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinding Mineral Substitutes 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMineral Conservation 313\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Biological Resources 318\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological Diversity 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhy We Need Organisms 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtinction and Species Endangerment 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndangered and Threatened Species 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere is Declining Biological Diversity the Greatest Problem? 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman Causes of Species Endangerment 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Disappearing Frogs 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConservation Biology 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Situ Conservation: Protecting Habitats 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestoring Damaged or Destroyed Habitats 331\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZoos, Aquaria, Botanical Gardens, and Seed Banks 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConservation Organizations 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConservation Policies and Laws 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabitat Conservation Plans 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternational Conservation Policies and Laws 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWildlife Management 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement of Migratory Animals 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement of Aquatic Organisms 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Land Resources 341\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLand Use 341\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorld Land Use 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLand Use in the United States 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWilderness, Parks, and Wildlife Refuges 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNational Parks 345\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWildlife Refuges 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForests 346\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForest Management 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeforestation 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForest Trends in the United States 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Tongass National Forest 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrends in Tropical Forests 351\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoreal Forests and Deforestation 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRangelands and Agricultural Lands 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRangeland Degradation and Desertification 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRangeland Trends in the United States 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgricultural Lands 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWetlands and Coastal Areas 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoastlines 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConservation of Land Resources 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18 Food Resources 362\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorld Food Security 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamines 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaintaining Grain Stocks 363\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEconomics, Politics, and Food Security 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoverty and Food 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood Production 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Food 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Main Types of Agriculture 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChallenges of Producing More Crops and Livestock 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Effect of Domestication on Genetic Diversity 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Global Decline in Domesticated Plant and Animal Varieties 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Grow Appalachia 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupplements for Livestock 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic Modification 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Environmental Impacts of Agriculture 374\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolutions to Agricultural Problems 375\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFisheries of the World 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems and Challenges for the Fishing Industry 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAquaculture: Fish Farming 379\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19 Air Pollution 383\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes and Sources of Air Pollution 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMajor Classes of Air Pollutants 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources of Outdoor Air Pollution 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrban Air Pollution 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Efforts to Reduce Ozone in Southern California 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects of Air Pollution 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAir Pollution and Human Health 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControlling Air Pollution in the United States 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eControlling Air Pollutants 391\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Clean Air Act 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOzone Depletion in the Stratosphere 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStratospheric Ozone Thinning 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Effects of Ozone Depletion 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFacilitating the Recovery of the Ozone Layer 396\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid Deposition 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Acid Deposition Develops 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Effects of Acid Deposition 398\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManaging Acid Deposition 400\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAir Pollution around the World 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAir Pollution in Developing Countries 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Air Pollution in Beijing, New Delhi, and Mexico City 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-Distance Transport of Air Pollution 402\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndoor Air Pollution 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSources and Effects of Indoor Air Pollution 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTobacco Smoke and Radon 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 Global Climate Change 409\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction to Climate Change 409\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Causes of Global Climate Change 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePollutants that Cool the Atmosphere 412\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModeling the Future Climate 413\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnpredictable and Extreme Climate Change 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Effects of Global Climate Change 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMelting Ice and Rising Sea Levels 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Impacts in Fragile Areas 416\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in Precipitation Patterns 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on Organisms 417\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on Human Health 419\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffects on Agriculture 420\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternational Implications of Global Climate Change 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinks Among Global Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, and Acid Deposition 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDealing with Global Climate Change 422\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMitigation of Global Climate Change 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdaptation to Global Climate Change 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternational Efforts to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions 424\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21 Water Pollution 427\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Water Pollution 427\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSewage 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease-Causing Agents 429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSediment Pollution 431\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInorganic Plant and Algal Nutrients 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic Compounds 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInorganic Chemicals 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadioactive Substances 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermal Pollution 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Quality Today 436\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Pollution from Agriculture 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMunicipal Water Pollution 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndustrial Wastes in Water 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Green Chemistry 438\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroundwater Pollution 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Pollution in Other Countries 441\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImproving Water Quality 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurification of Drinking Water 442\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMunicipal Sewage Treatment 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividual Septic Systems 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternative Wastewater Treatment Systems 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaws Controlling Water Pollution 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSafe Drinking Water Act 446\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClean Water Act 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaws that Protect Groundwater 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22 Pest Management 450\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Is a Pesticide? 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst-Generation and Second-Generation Pesticides 451\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Major Groups of Insecticides 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Major Kinds of Herbicides 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenefits and Problems with Pesticides 452\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenefit: Disease Control 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenefit: Crop Protection 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem: Evolution of Genetic Resistance 454\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem: Imbalances in the Ecosystem 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems: Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Biological Magnification 455\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblem: Mobility in the Environment 456\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisks of Pesticides to Human Health 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort-Term Effects of Pesticides 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-Term Effects of Pesticides 457\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePesticides as Endocrine Disrupters 458\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlternatives to Pesticides 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing Cultivation Methods to Control Pests 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological Controls 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePheromones and Hormones 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReproductive Controls 460\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenetic Controls 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point \u003ci\u003eBT\u003c\/i\u003e, Its Potential and Problems 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuarantine 461\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Systems Approach: Integrated Pest Management 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIrradiating Foods 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLaws Controlling Pesticide Use 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood, Drug, and Cosmetics Act 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFederal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood Quality Protection Act 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Manufacture and Use of Banned Pesticides 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImportation of Food Tainted with Banned Pesticides 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Ban on Persistent Organic Pollutants 465\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23 Solid and Hazardous Wastes 469\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSolid Waste 469\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Solid Waste 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpen Dumps 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSanitary Landfills 470\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncineration 472\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComposting 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWaste Prevention 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Drinking Water on College Campuses 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReducing the Amount of Waste: Source Reduction 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReusing Products 476\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecycling Materials 477\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegrated Waste Management 479\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHazardous Waste 480\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTypes of Hazardous Waste 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Hanford Nuclear Reservation 482\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement of Hazardous Waste 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24 Tomorrow’s World 489\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiving Sustainably 489\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSustainable Living: A Plan of Action 490\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommendation 1: Eliminate Poverty and Stabilize the Human Population 491\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommendation 2: Protect and Restore Earth’s Resources 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommendation 3: Provide Adequate Food for all People 495\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommendation 4: Mitigate Climate Change 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecommendation 5: Design Sustainable Cities 497\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase in Point Durban, South Africa 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanging Personal Attitudes and Practices 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Role of Education 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Kind of World Do We Want? 500\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendices 503\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlossary 516\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex I-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDr. David M. Hassenzahl,\u003c\/b\u003e dean of the College of Natural Sciences at the California State University at Chico, is an internationally recognized scholar of sustainability and risk analysis. His leadership, research, teaching, and outreach efforts focus on incorporating scientific information and expertise into public decisions, with particular emphasis on the management, interpretation, and communication of uncertainty. He has dedicated the last three decades to addressing subjects as diverse as climate change, energy, toxic chemicals, nuclear materials, and public health; has presented on these topics on four continents; and has supported decision making in public, private, and not-for-profit contexts. Dr. Hassenzahl holds a B.A. in environmental science and paleontology from the University of California at Berkeley and a Ph.D. in science, technology, and environmental policy from Princeton University.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMary Catherine Hager\u003c\/b\u003e is a professional science writer and editor specializing in life and earth sciences. She received a double-major B.A. in environmental science and biology from the University of Virginia and an M.S. in zoology from the University of Georgia. Ms. Hager worked as an editor for an environmental consulting firm and as a senior editor for a scientific reference publisher. For more than 20 years, she has written and edited for environmental science, biology, and ecology textbooks primarily targeting college audiences. Additionally, she has published articles in environmental trade magazines and edited federal and state assessments of wetlands conservation issues. Her writing and editing pursuits are a natural outcome of her scientific training and curiosity, coupled with her love commitment to effective communication.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNancy Y. Gift\u003c\/b\u003e, Compton Chair of Sustainability at Berea College, in Berea, Kentucky, enjoys teaching in a wide range of sustainability-related courses. She has taught women's nature writers, first-year writing, grant writing, ecology, weed science, sustainable agriculture, history of African-American farmers, and mathematics for the environment; she continually teaches introductory sustainability and environmental science. She has written two books for the public on the role of weeds in healthy lawns, and she is an associate editor for Agronomy Journal. She holds a B.A. in biology from Harvard University, an M.S. in crop and soil science from the University of Kentucky, and a Ph.D. in crop science from Cornell University.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLinda R. Berg\u003c\/b\u003e is an award-winning teacher and textbook author. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Maryland, College Park, after completing her B.S. and M.S. at the same institution. Her recent interests involve the Florida Everglades and conservation biology. Dr. Berg formerly taught at the University of Maryland, College Park, for almost two decades, followed by St. Petersburg College in Florida for one decade. She taught introductory courses in environmental science, biology, and botany to thousands of students and received numerous teaching and service awards. Dr. Berg is also the recipient of many national and regional awards, including the National Science Teachers Association Award for Innovations in College Science Teaching, the Nation's Capital Area Disabled student Services Award, and the Washington Academy of Sciences Award in University Science Teaching. During her career as a professional science writer, Dr. Berg has authored or co-authored several leading college science textbooks. Her writing reflects her teaching style and love of science.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePeter H. Raven\u003c\/b\u003e, one of the world’s leading botanists, has dedicated nearly five decades to conservation and biodiversity as president (now emeritus) of the Missouri Botanical Garden and professor of Botany at Washington University in St. Louis, where he has cultivated a world-class institution of horticultural display, education, and research. Described by Time magazine as a \"Hero for the Planet,\" Dr. Raven champions research around the world to preserve endangered species and is a leading advocate for conservation and a sustainable environment. Dr. Raven received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles, after completing his undergraduate work at the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Wiley","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47989143109861,"sku":"NP9781119393481","price":111.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1842\/7735\/files\/9781119393481.jpg?v=1761782971","url":"https:\/\/k12savings.com\/products\/environment-isbn-9781119393481","provider":"K12savings","version":"1.0","type":"link"}