Energy Stabilization of Electrostatic Accelerators

Electrostatic accelerators, such as the Van de Graaf generator, are among the most established and well-developed particle accelerators. One of the key issues in the maturation of these accelerators has been the development of methods used to stabilize the energies of the particles they produce. Energy Stabilization of Electrostatic Accelerators presents a comprehensive overview of the key methods of stabilizing the energy of ions produced by electrostatic accelerators. After giving comprehensive background information on the subject, it explains the basis of high voltage generation, covering both the Van de Graaf charge transfer and the Crockcroft Walton voltage multiplier principle. This is followed by a description of the various methods used to detect the fluctuation in the energy of the accelerated ions. The later chapters describe the various ways used to stabilize the energy of the ions, gradually leading the reader to models of more complicated multi-loop stabilizers, composed from the simple models derived in the previous chapters. Some of the information on the mathematical modeling of physical phenomena applied in the stabilization has not been published before. Also featured is a whole chapter devoted to the problem of modulating the energy of the ions to a predetermined way. Energy Stabilization of Electrostatic Accelerators has been written with the accelerator designer and user in mind, but will also prove extremely useful to researchers and graduate students engaged in accelerator-based research, both pure and applied, whose interests lie in improving accelerator performance. It assumes only a basic knowledge of feedback and control system theory and Laplace transformation, which makes it readily understandable for any readers with physics and electronic engineering backgrounds.Das Buch erläutert die physikalischen und technischen Probleme, die aus der geforderten Energiestabilität elektrostatischer Beschleuniger resultieren. Auf der Grundlage mathematischer Modelle für die verschiedenen Systeme werden analytische Lösungen formuliert und damit Wege aufgezeigt, die Stabilität zu verbessern. Charge Current Control.

Voltage and Energy Sensors.

The Corona Stabilizer.

The Liner Control.

Other Control Elements.

Multiple-loop Voltage Stabilizers.

Energy Modulation.

Apendix.

Epilogue.

Bibliography.

Index. Aus dem Inhalt:
INTRODUCTION;
CHARGE CURRENT CONTROL: Simple Up-Charge and its Response;
Simple Down-Charge and its Response;
The Effect of the Column Structure;
Comparison between the Performance of the Up-Charge and Down-Charge Processes;
The Effect of Multiple Electrodes;
VOLTAGE AND ENERGY SENSORS: General remarks;
The Generating Voltmeter;
Direct Energy Analysers;
Capacitive Sensing Plate;
THE CORONA STABILISER: The Grid Controlled Corona Triode;
The Corona Discharge as a Control Element;
The Effect of the High Pressure Gas on the Corona Control;
THE LINER CONTROL: General Remarks;
Equivalent Circuit;
OTHER CONTROL ELEMENTS: Electron Beam;
Modulated Electrodes;
MULTIPLE LOOP VOLTAGE STABILISERS: Principles of Feedback Systems;
The Position Control of the Corona Probe;
Corona and Up- and Down-Charge Control;
Liner and Up- and Down-Charge Control;
ENERGY MODULATION;
Continuous Modulation;
Pulsing.

Jenõ Takács is the author of Energy Stabilization of Electrostatic Accelerators, published by Wiley. Electrostatic accelerators, such as the Van de Graaf generator, are among the most established and well-developed particle accelerators. One of the key issues in the maturation of these accelerators has been the development of methods used to stabilize the energies of the particles they produce. Energy Stabilization of Electrostatic Accelerators presents a comprehensive overview of the key methods of stabilizing the energy of ions produced by electrostatic accelerators. After giving comprehensive background information on the subject, it explains the basis of high voltage generation, covering both the Van de Graaf charge transfer and the Crockcroft?Walton voltage multiplier principle. This is followed by a description of the various methods used to detect the fluctuation in the energy of the accelerated ions. The later chapters describe the various ways used to stabilize the energy of the ions, gradually leading the reader to models of more complicated multi-loop stabilizers, composed from the simple models derived in the previous chapters. Some of the information on the mathematical modeling of physical phenomena applied in the stabilization has not been published before. Also featured is a whole chapter devoted to the problem of modulating the energy of the ions to a predetermined way. Energy Stabilization of Electrostatic Accelerators has been written with the accelerator designer and user in mind, but will also prove extremely useful to researchers and graduate students engaged in accelerator-based research, both pure and applied, whose interests lie in improving accelerator performance. It assumes only a basic knowledge of feedback and control system theory and Laplace transformation, which makes it readily understandable for any readers with physics and electronic engineering backgrounds.